Progress on mechanisms for pathogensto evade NOD-like receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
- Author:
He YUJIE
1
;
Jianping PAN
2
Author Information
1. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
2. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China. jppan@zucc.edu.cn.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- MeSH:
Immunity, Innate;
NLR Proteins;
immunology;
Receptors, Interleukin-1;
metabolism;
Signal Transduction;
Toll-Like Receptors;
immunology
- From:
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences
2017;46(2):218-224
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
The innate immune system provides a first line of defense against invading pathogens, in which the pattern recognition receptors (PRR) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and initiate the downstream signaling pathways to eliminate the encountered pathogens. There are two main classes of such signaling pathways: NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The microbial pathogens under selective pressure have evolved numerous mechanisms to avoid and/or manipulate the NLR and TLR signal transduction for survival and replication. To evade the NLR signaling pathway, pathogens interfere and/or inhibit inflammasome activation in innate immune cells by producing virulence factors or reducing PAMPs expression. The mechanisms for pathogens to evade TLR signaling pathway include: inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascade reaction, inhibition of NF-КB activation, and interference of down-stream signal transduction by producing Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-containing proteins which bind directly with TLRs or adaptor proteins in the signaling pathway.
