Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 polymorphism interaction with spirulina immunomodulatory effects in healthy Korean elderly: A 16 week, double-blind randomized clinical trial.
10.4162/nrp.2017.11.4.290
- Author:
Hee Jung PARK
1
;
Hyun Sook LEE
Author Information
1. Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
- Publication Type:Clinical Trial ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Original Article
- Keywords:
Spirulina;
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1;
single nucleotide polymorphism;
immune system
- MeSH:
Aged*;
Body Composition;
Chemokine CCL2*;
Complement System Proteins;
Functional Food;
Genotype;
Humans;
Immune System;
Immunoglobulins;
Inflammation;
Interleukin-2;
Interleukin-6;
Interleukins;
Lymphocytes;
Monocytes*;
Nutrition Policy;
Plasma;
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide;
Promoter Regions, Genetic;
Spirulina*;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- From:Nutrition Research and Practice
2017;11(4):290-299
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spirulina is a known a functional food related to lipid profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity. Circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level is associated with inflammation markers. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the MCP-1 promoter region -2518 have been identified and shown to affect gene transcription. Gene variation may also impact functional food supplementary effects. The current study investigated the interaction of MCP-1 -2518 polymorphism with spirulina supplements on anti-inflammatory capacity in Korean elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS: After genotyping, healthy elderly subjects (n = 78) were included in a randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled study. Baseline characteristic, body composition, and dietary intake were measured twice (baseline vs. week 16). For 16 weeks, subjects consumed 8 g either spirulina or placebo daily. Plasma MCP-1, interleukin (IL) -2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, complement (C) 3, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, and Ig A concentrations and lymphocyte proliferation rate (LPR) were analyzed as inflammatory markers. RESULTS: In the placebo group with A/A genotype, MCP-1 level was significantly increased, but the spirulina group with A/A genotype was unchanged. IL-2 was significantly increased only in subjects with spirulina supplementation. TNF-α was significantly reduced in subjects with the G carrier. C3 was significantly increased in the placebo group, particularly when A/A increased more than G, but not when spirulina was ingested. LPR was significantly different only in subjects with A/A genotype; there was a significant increase in phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide induced LPR in the spirulina group. CONCLUSION: In healthy Korean elderly, spirulina supplementation may influence different inflammatory markers by the MCP-1 genotype. These results may be useful for customized dietary guidelines to improve immune function in Koreans.
