Neuroprotective Effects of Sacral Epidural Neuromodulation Following Spinal Cord Injury : An Experimental Study in Rats.
10.3340/jkns.2012.52.6.509
- Author:
Chang Hyun LEE
1
;
Seung Jae HYUN
;
Cheol Yong YOON
;
Jae Young LIM
;
Tae Ahn JAHNG
;
Ki Jeong KIM
Author Information
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea. neurospine@snubh.org
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Electrical stimulation;
Spinal cord injury;
Neuroprotection;
Sacral nerve;
Neuromodulation
- MeSH:
Animals;
Anterior Horn Cells;
Apoptosis;
Electric Stimulation;
Female;
Humans;
Myelin Sheath;
Nerve Fibers;
Neuroprotective Agents;
Rats;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley;
Salicylamides;
Spinal Cord;
Spinal Cord Injuries
- From:Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
2012;52(6):509-512
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate neuroprotective effect of sacral neuromodulation in rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model in the histological and functional aspects. METHODS: Twenty-one female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups : the normal control group (CTL, n=7), the SCI with sham stimulation group (SCI, n=7), and the SCI with electrical stimulation (SCI+ES, n=7). Spinal cord was injured by dropping an impactor from 25 mm height. Sacral nerve electrical stimulation was performed by the following protocol : pulse duration, 0.1 ms; frequency, 20 Hz; stimulation time, 30 minutes; and stimulation duration, 4 weeks. Both locomotor function and histological examination were evaluated as scheduled. RESULTS: The number of anterior horn cell was 12.3+/-5.7 cells/high power field (HPF) in the CTL group, 7.8+/-4.9 cells/HPF in the SCI group, and 6.9+/-5.5 cells/HPF in the SCI+ES group, respectively. Both the SCI and the SCI+ES groups showed severe loss of anterior horn cells and myelin fibers compared with the CTL group. Cavitation and demyelinization of the nerve fibers has no significant difference between the SCI group and the SCI+ES group. Cavitation of dorsal column was more evident in only two rats of SCI group than the SCI+ES group. The locomotor function of all rats improved over time but there was no significant difference at any point in time between the SCI and the SCI+ES group. CONCLUSION: In a rat thoracic spinal cord contusion model, we observed that sacral neuromodulation did not prevent SCI-induced myelin loss and apoptosis.
