Ureteroscopic Surgery for a Large Upper Ureteral Stone in an Infant with Bilateral Vesicoureteral Reflux.
	    		
		   		
		   			
		   		
	    	
    	- Author:
	        		
		        		
		        		
			        		Minki BAEK
			        		
			        		
			        		
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			        		Sung Hyun PAICK
			        		
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			        		Byung Ki LEE
			        		
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			        		Myung Beom KANG
			        		
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			        		Yong Soo LHO
			        		
			        		;
		        		
		        		
		        		
			        		Kyo Sun KIM
			        		
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			        		Hyeong Gon KIM
			        		
			        		
		        		
		        		
		        		
			        		
			        		Author Information
			        		
 - Publication Type:Case Report
 - Keywords: Urolithiasis; Infant; Ureteroscopy; Vesico-ureteral reflux
 - MeSH: Anesthesia, General; Body Size; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Miniaturization; Rare Diseases; Ureter; Ureteroscopy; Urolithiasis; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
 - From:Korean Journal of Urology 2010;51(1):73-75
 - CountryRepublic of Korea
 - Language:English
 - Abstract: Pediatric urolithiasis is a relatively rare disease that can have lifelong consequences. The management of pediatric urolithiasis should be individualized with careful consideration of the patients' small body sizes, delicate tissues, needs for general anesthesia with every procedure, and risks of long-term complications. Miniaturization of urological instruments has made the treatment of distal ureteral stones by ureteroscopy in children more common, but there are few reports of the ureteroscopic removal of large upper ureteral stones in infants. We present a case of a 10-month-old female who simultaneously underwent ureteroscopic surgery and endoscopic Deflux(R) injection for treatment of a 22x10 mm unilateral upper ureteral stone and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. We also review the current treatment options for pediatric urolithiasis.
 
            