Risk Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Pulmonary Embolism Among Mongolian Patients
- VernacularTitle:Монгол улс дахь уушгины артерийн цочмог бүлэнт бөглөрлийн эрсдэлт хүчин зүйлс, эмнэлзүйн онцлогийг судалсан дүн
- Author:
Javzan-Orlom D
1
;
2
;
Chuluunbileg B
2
;
Gantogtokh D
3
;
Enkhtuguldur M
4
;
Munkh-Erdene D
2
;
Zolzaya B
2
;
Enkh-Amgalan Ts
2
;
Altankhuyag N
2
;
Amgalandari B
2
;
Badamsed Ts
5
;
Tumur-Ochir Ts
2
;
Solongo B
1
Author Information
1. Deparment of pulmonology and allergy, School of Medicine, MNUMS
2. Department of Pulmonology, TSCH
3. Institute of Medical Science
4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MNUMS
5. Department of Radiology, TSCH
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Gender, Age, Symptom, PESI score
- From:
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences
2025;90(6):55-62
- CountryMongolia
- Language:Mongolian
-
Abstract:
Background:The annual incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism is reported to be 39–115 cases per 100,000 population,
with rates of 60–120/100,000 in Western countries and 10–20/100,000 in Asian countries. In Mongolia, few studies
revealed the prevalence of risk factors and clinical manifestations of acute pulmonary embolism. Over the past 30 years,
the incidence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases, which are mainly triggered by lifestyle and social parameters,
has rose. Moreover, environmental conditions such as cold climate, hypoxia, and blood hyperviscosit may contribute
to higher incidences of acute pulmonary embolism in high-altitude regions. This condition is potentially fatal and can
become impair quality of life.
Aim:We aimed to compare risk factors and clinical characteristics based on age and sex, and to evaluate laboratory findings
and diagnostic tests among Mongolian patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism.
Materials and Methods:This retrospective research included total 232 patients meeting inclusion criteria. The information
was collected from patient histories, including general demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, symptoms, and
physical examination findings. Laboratory analyses included complete blood count, coagulation profile, and immunological
markers (D-dimer, NT-proBNP, troponin, protein C, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein), as well as selected
imaging parameters. We used Wells and Geneva scoring systems to assess probability of acute pulmonary embolism and
Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index to determine disease severity. Differences by age and sex were analyzed using independent
t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.
Results:Among participants with acute pulmonary embolism, the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use was significantly
higher among males (p<0.001). Among comorbidities, arterial hypertension and other pulmonary diseases were more
common in males, whereas cardiac diseases were more frequent in females (p=0.028). Participants aged 65 years and
older showed higher rates of comorbid conditions and regular medication use (p<0.001). The most common symptoms
were dyspnea (90.9%), chest pain (74.2%), cough (70.5%), leg pain (38.9%), hemoptysis (20.7%), and cyanosis (9.3%).
According to sPESI scoring, 69.8% (n=162) were at high risk of death within 30 days, with no significant difference by
sex. However, mortality risk within 30 days was significantly higher in participants aged 65 years and above (p<0.001).
As increasing age, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were elevated, indicating an acute
inflammatory response (p=0.001). Contrast-enhanced CT scans revealed that 95 participants (44.2%) had main pulmonary
artery involvement, with no significant sex difference, though involvement of the main pulmonary artery was more
frequent in those aged 65 and older.
Conclusion:Dyspnea, chest pain, and cough were the most common symptoms among patients diagnosed with acute
pulmonary embolism. The 30-day mortality risk associated with it was higher among males and increased with advancing
age.
- Full text:2025121014170293570Монгол улс дахь уушгины артерийн цочмог бүлэнт бөглөрлийн эрсдэлт хүчин зүйлс, эмнэлзүйн онцлогийг судалсан дүн.pdf
