Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently one of the most severe diseases endangering human health, encompassing myocardial ischemia syndrome, myocardial fibrosis, atrial fibrillation, and other conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miR) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that can bind to specific sequences and subsequently regulate post-transcriptional processing, translation, or epigenetic modifications, thereby modulating gene expression. Studies have found that miR-223 is associated with the occurrence and development of CVD and represents a potential specific therapeutic target. This article summarizes the relevant research on miR-223 in CVD, focusing on myocardial ischemia syndrome, myocardial fibrosis, and atrial fibrillation, and discusses its application prospects and challenges as a specific therapeutic target, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.