Pulse Pressure Index as an Indicator of Risk for Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults with Hypertension: the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2019–2021
10.21215/kjfp.2024.14.1.19
- Author:
Ju Yeon KIM
1
;
Han Gyeol CHANG
;
Seung Hwan CHO
;
Ji Eun PARK
;
Tae Jong RYU
;
Jae bum CHO
Author Information
1. Department of Family Medicine, Sungae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Publication Type:Original Article
- From:
Korean Journal of Family Practice
2024;14(1):19-27
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Background:Pulse pressure, reflecting arterial wall stiffness, is a cardiovascular disease risk factor but is highly variable. This study investigated the association of the pulse pressure index (PPI) with 10-year cardiovascular disease risk and its clinical utility by examining its correlations with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods:This cross-sectional study included 3,604 hypertensive adults (30–79 years) from the 2019–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We categorized PPI as <30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50, and ≥50. The Framingham risk score assessed 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, and multiple regressions analyzed its relationship with the PPI category. Binary logistic regressions evaluated the relationship between PPI, DM, and CKD.
Results:Adjusted for other variables, higher PPI levels are associated with an increased 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (P<0.001). PPI ≥50 was associated with CKD, and all PPI groups, except <30, were associated with DM.
Conclusion:PPI predicts 10-year CVD risk and is associated with DM presence. PPI can be considered a risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and DM. Additionally, PPI ≥50 is associated with CKD.
