The importance of consensus research in medical decision-making has become increasinglyprominent. However, this field has long lacked unified terminology definitions and reporting standards, leading to significant heterogeneity in study design, implementation, and result presentation that affects the credibility and reproducibility of outcomes. The ACCurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) in the field of biomedical research provides a structured writing framework for various consensus methods such as the Delphi method and nominal group technique, aiming to enhance the completeness and transparency of study reports. Combined with specific cases, this article interprets the core items of ACCORD, offering references for the design, implementation, and reporting of high-quality consensus research in China.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of Qigui Didang decoction in the treatment of kidney collateral stasis syndrome in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ diabetic kidney disease （DKD） in a real-world setting. MethodsPatients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with kidney collateral stasis syndrome admitted to Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected for clinical study. According to treatment methods， patients were divided into the Qigui Didang decoction group （Qigui Didang decoction + conventional treatment） and the control group （conventional treatment alone）. A 1∶1 propensity score matching （PSM） method was used to reduce bias caused by confounding factors. Clinical efficacy， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， renal function indicators， mRNA expression related to pathway mechanisms， glycolipid metabolism indices， and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. ResultsA total of 120 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with kidney collateral stasis syndrome were included， including 62 cases in the Qigui Didang Decoction group and 58 cases in the control group. Before matching， there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in DKD stage， baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， 24-hour urine total protein （24 h-UTP）， and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） （P<0.05）. After matching， 47 cases were included in each group， and there was no statistically significant difference in baseline data between the two groups. After matching， the total clinical effective rate of the Qigui Didang decoction group was significantly higher than that of the control group （χ²=4.681， P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， the scores of primary and secondary TCM symptoms in the Qigui Didang decoction group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， serum creatinine （SCr）， 24 h-UTP， and UACR levels were significantly decreased， while eGFR was significantly increased in the Qigui Didang decoction group （P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， the mRNA expression of silent information regulator 1 （Sirt1） was significantly upregulated， while the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） and tumor suppressor protein p53 （p53） was significantly downregulated in the Qigui Didang decoction group （P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose （2 hPG）， glycated hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels were decreased， while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were increased （P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionQigui Didang decoction combined with conventional treatment can significantly improve renal function， glycolipid metabolism， and TCM syndromes in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with kidney collateral stasis syndrome， with good safety. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Sirt1/NF-κB/p53 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of Qigui Didang decoction in the treatment of kidney collateral stasis syndrome in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ diabetic kidney disease （DKD） in a real-world setting. MethodsPatients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with kidney collateral stasis syndrome admitted to Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected for clinical study. According to treatment methods， patients were divided into the Qigui Didang decoction group （Qigui Didang decoction + conventional treatment） and the control group （conventional treatment alone）. A 1∶1 propensity score matching （PSM） method was used to reduce bias caused by confounding factors. Clinical efficacy， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， renal function indicators， mRNA expression related to pathway mechanisms， glycolipid metabolism indices， and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. ResultsA total of 120 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with kidney collateral stasis syndrome were included， including 62 cases in the Qigui Didang Decoction group and 58 cases in the control group. Before matching， there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in DKD stage， baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， 24-hour urine total protein （24 h-UTP）， and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） （P<0.05）. After matching， 47 cases were included in each group， and there was no statistically significant difference in baseline data between the two groups. After matching， the total clinical effective rate of the Qigui Didang decoction group was significantly higher than that of the control group （χ²=4.681， P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， the scores of primary and secondary TCM symptoms in the Qigui Didang decoction group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， serum creatinine （SCr）， 24 h-UTP， and UACR levels were significantly decreased， while eGFR was significantly increased in the Qigui Didang decoction group （P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， the mRNA expression of silent information regulator 1 （Sirt1） was significantly upregulated， while the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） and tumor suppressor protein p53 （p53） was significantly downregulated in the Qigui Didang decoction group （P<0.05）. Compared with data before treatment， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose （2 hPG）， glycated hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels were decreased， while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were increased （P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionQigui Didang decoction combined with conventional treatment can significantly improve renal function， glycolipid metabolism， and TCM syndromes in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ DKD with kidney collateral stasis syndrome， with good safety. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Sirt1/NF-κB/p53 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveIn the context of the digital transformation of education, this study aims to construct a triadic interactive teaching model for surgical animal surgery in clinical medicine using modern information technology. It explores the effectiveness of different teaching methods in improving students' practical skills, aseptic awareness, and teamwork abilities, providing a reference for the reform of clinical practice education. MethodsA quasi-experimental research design was adopted. A total of 80 students from the eight-year clinical medicine program at Nanjing University were selected, including the Class of 2020 (control group, n=40) and the Class of 2021 (experimental group, n=40). The control group received traditional teaching methods, while the experimental group implemented the "Teacher-Student-AI" triadic interactive teaching model. This model utilized a smart teaching platform for personalized pre-class preparation , as well as data-driven post-class review and feedback throughout the entire teaching process. The "assessment indicators and scoring criteria for the surgical animal surgery course" were used to evaluate teaching effectiveness, with independent samples t-tests used for statistical analysis. ResultsPre-course assessments revealed no statistically significant differences in baseline theoretical knowledge or practical skills between the two groups (P>0.05). Upon completion of the course, the experimental group achieved higher scores than the control group across three key dimensions: practical skills (47.98±1.34 vs 46.92±2.51, P=0.022), aseptic awareness (17.84±1.16 vs 16.94±2.29, P=0.029), and teamwork (16.82±1.44 vs 15.95±1.22, P=0.004). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the scores for humane care awareness between the two groups (8.24±0.70 vs 8.16±0.53, P=0.589). ConclusionThe AI-based triadic interactive teaching model can, to some extent, address the limitations of traditional surgical animal surgery education. It plays a positive role in enhancing medical students' surgical skills, aseptic awareness, and collaborative abilities. This model facilitates the transition from traditional to personalized teaching and offers a practical framework for the digital reform of clinical practice education.

Parkinson's disease （PD） is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments， with its pathological mechanisms involving multiple processes such as the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein. Current Western medical treatments face challenges including diminished long-term efficacy and motor complications. In recent years， Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has demonstrated advantages in the prevention and treatment of PD through its systematic regulatory capabilities， featuring multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway approaches.This article systematically reviews the roles of seven key signaling pathways-NF-κB， AMPK/mTOR， PI3K/Akt， MAPKs， Nrf2/ARE， Wnt/β-catenin， and BDNF/TrkB-in the pathological process of PD and the regulatory mechanisms of TCM. Research indicates that active ingredients of Chinese herbs and compound formulations can synergistically modulate these pathways， exerting comprehensive effects in inhibiting neuroinflammation， alleviating oxidative stress， promoting autophagy to clear abnormal proteins， and enhancing neurotrophic support. These signaling pathways form a complex regulatory network through crosstalk among key nodal molecules， constituting an intricate regulatory system in PD pathology. The multi-target intervention characteristics of TCM align well with this network-based regulatory requirement， achieving integrated anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， autophagy-regulating， and neurorestorative effects through synergistic multi-pathway modulation. This article systematically outlines the mechanisms of TCM in the coordinated regulation of multiple pathways， providing a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathological process of PD and the intervention mechanisms of TCM， while also offering new perspectives and directions for modern research on TCM in the prevention and treatment of PD.

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head is still unclear.Among them,the lipid metabolism disorder is an important hypothesis of the cause of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head.Regulating blood lipid metabolism to inhibit the progression of femoral head necrosis has become an important method for the treatment of nontraumatic femoral head necrosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in the relationship between nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head and lipid metabolism disorder and the treatment of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head.METHODS:Using"osteonecrosis of femoral head,nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head,femoral head necrosis,osteonecrosis and lipid,lipid metabolism osteonecrosis,polymorphisms osteonecrosis of femoral head,pathway osteonecrosis of femoral head,steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head"as Chinese and English search terms,relevant articles were searched on CNKI,WanFang databases,Yiigle,and PubMed databases.Finally,104 articles were included for summarization.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Patients with femoral head necrosis are often accompanied by dyslipidemia.It was found that high total cholesterol,high triglyceride,high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high apolipoprotein B,low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low apolipoprotein were the risk factors causing necrosis of the femoral head.In patients with different triggers of femoral head necrosis,blood lipid levels are usually different.(2)Hormone and alcohol,as the two major causes of nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head,can induce adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,increase the number of fat cells in the bone marrow cavity,and accumulate fat droplets,ultimately leading to necrosis of the femoral head.(3)Many adipokines and molecules related to lipid metabolism,such as adiponectin,leptin,lipid carrier protein 2,etc.have been confirmed to be related to femoral head necrosis.(4)Some signaling pathways,such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,wnt/β-catenin and adenosine activated protein kinase,can change the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and thus participate in the occurrence and development of necrosis of the femoral head.Lipid metabolism signaling pathways,such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase Band bone morphogenetic protein 2,are also related to necrosis of the femoral head,which may affect the progression of femoral head necrosis through the regulation of lipid metabolism.(5)Studies have found that cordycepin,Panax notoginseng saponins,gushiling capsule and other Chinese medicines,as well as statins can achieve the therapeutic effect on nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head by improving lipid metabolism disorder.

BACKGROUND:The quadriceps strength of patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia is significantly reduced,which can further reduce the function of the knee joint,affect the function of the lower limbs and even lead to a decrease in whole-body coordination.It is speculated that a reasonable quadriceps training program and personalized guidance are beneficial to the recovery of knee joint function in patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of short-term moderate-intensity resistance rehabilitation training on the mass and function of the quadriceps and knee joint function in patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia.METHODS:Using the integrated physical examination and rehabilitation model,375 patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia were screened at the Health Management Center of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.They underwent 12 weeks of combined/comprehensive exercise rehabilitation based on resistance exercise,including quadriceps resistance isotonic and isometric contraction training twice a week(3-5 sets each time,10-15 minutes per set)and aerobic exercise/balance exercise two or three times a week(30 minutes each time).Assessments and data collection were performed before rehabilitation training,12 weeks after rehabilitation training,and at follow-up 12 weeks after stopping rehabilitation training,mainly including knee joint range of motion and proprioception,quadriceps muscle strength,and cross-sectional area(magnetic resonance imaging results),pain,knee joint function(Hospital for Special Surgery score)and walking function("up-and-go"time and 6 m pace test results)as well as the patient's psychological status assessment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All 375 patients completed 12 weeks of rehabilitation training and 12 weeks of follow-up without any adverse events.(1)Compared with before training,the patients' gait speed and knee range of motion increased significantly after 12 weeks of rehabilitation training(P＜0.01),the time of"stand-to-walk"decreased(P＜0.01),and the proprioception of the knee joint and the strength of the quadriceps femoris were significantly improved(P＜0.01);and at the follow-up visit 12 weeks after stopping training,the above indicators and functions of the patients were well maintained(P＞0.05).(2)Magnetic resonance imaging results showed that the effective cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris did not improve significantly after 12 weeks of rehabilitation training(P＞0.05);but the Hospital for Special Surgery score of knee joint function increased significantly(P＜0.01),and the visual analog pain scale score decreased significantly(P＜0.01),suggesting that this may be related to the improvement of quadriceps femoris quality by resistance rehabilitation training.(3)The results of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score showed that the anxiety and depression scores of the patients continued to decrease,both at 12 weeks of rehabilitation training and at 12 weeks after stopping training(P＜0.01).It is suggested that resistance rehabilitation training of the quadriceps can help patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia to restore quadriceps muscle strength,increase range of motion,improve proprioception and joint stability,thereby enhancing knee joint function,reducing pain,improving depression and anxiety,and to a certain extent promoting the coordinated recovery of the musculoskeletal system.

With the rapid advancement of hemodynamic indices and monitoring technologies, their classification methods and application processes have become increasingly complex. Currently, no unified standard hasbeen established, making it difficult to fully meet the clinical requirements for hemodynamic management. To assist in hemodynamic monitoring assessment and therapeutic decision-making in critically ill patients, the Critical Hemodynamic Therapy Collaborative Group, in conjunction with the Critical Ultrasound Study Group, has jointly developed the Standard for the Application of Hemodynamic Monitoring Techniques in Critical Care. The first part of this standard systematically categorizes hemodynamic indicators into flow indicators, pressure and its derivative indicators, and tissue perfusion indicators, while elaborating on the clinical application of each. The second part establishes a standardized clinical implementation pathway for hemodynamic monitoring. It proposes a tiered monitoring strategy-comprising basic, advanced, indication-specific, and special scenario monitoring-tailored to different clinical settings. It emphasizes the central role of critical care ultrasound across all levels of monitoring and establishes hemodynamic assessment standards for organs such as the brain, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. This standard aims to provide a unified framework for clinical practice, teaching, training, and research in critical care medicine, thereby promoting standardized development within the discipline.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects and safety of the optimized new Shengmai Powder （优化新生脉散方） on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF） of qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome. MethodsA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 78 CHF patients with qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned to a treatment group （39 cases） and a control group （39 cases）. On the basis of conventional western medical therapy， patients in the treatment group additionally received the optimized new Shengmai Powder granules， while the control group was given an oral placebo of optimized new Shengmai Powder granules. Patients in both groups took 30.6 g each time， twice a day， mixed with water for administration， with a total treatment course of 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were 6-minute walk distance （6MWD） and peak oxygen uptake （Peak VO₂） measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Secondary outcomes included New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional classification， B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） levels， cardiac function indexes including left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventri-cular end-systolic diameter （LVESD） and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） scores， and scores of four diagnostic information of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. All indicators were assessed once before and after treatment respectively. Safety indicators were evaluated， and adverse events during the trial were recorded. ResultsAll patients in both groups were included in the full ana-lysis set （FAS） and safety set （SS）. Compared with baseline， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test in the treatment group significantly increased after treatment， while the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information significantly decreased， and the NYHA cardiac function grade significantly improved （P＜0.01）. After treatment， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test， as well as their changes from baseline in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group； the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group； and the improvement of NYHA cardiac function grade in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group （P＜0.01）. There was no statistically significant differences in all indicators after treatment in the control group （P＞0.05）. The incidence of adverse events was 5.1% （2/39） in the treatment group and 2.6% （1/39） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference between groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionOn the basis of conventional western medicine treatment， the addition of the optimized new Shengmai Powder can further improve exercise tolerance， cardiac function and quality of life in patients with CHF of qi deficiency， blood stasis and fluid retention syndrome， and show good safety.

Objective To systematically review international research on health communication, and to provide valuable insights and reference for China's health communication research and practice. Methods This study included 693 articles published from January 2023 to April 2024 in two authoritative academic journals in the field of health communication, ^“Health Communication^” and the ^“Journal of Health Communication^”. A systematic review was conducted on the themes, theoretical foundations, research methods, and populations of international health communication research. Results The findings in this study revealed that international health communication research topics were diverse, with hotspots including social media, health information behavior, health misinformation, stigmatization, trust, and risk perception. The results showed that 34% of the articles were based on theoretical foundations, and 93.3% employed research methods, focusing on adolescents, parents, women, and other key populations. Conclusion Domestic health communication research can expand its perspective from ^“information transmission^” to ^“social interaction^”, innovate theories and methods from ^“single paradigm" to ^“multi-integration^” and shift focus from a ^“mass perspective^” to ^“targeted care^” for the health of all populations. Domestic health communication practice can delve into the localization of social media health communication practices, the comprehensive management of health misinformation, and the critical application of new technologies.