Objective To investigate the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on isolated denuded-endothelium rat thoracic aorta(DRTA)vascular rings,and the mechanistic role of the Kv7 ion channel.Methods The tension of DRTA vascular rings was measured using an ex vivo tissue perfusion muscle-tone detection system.DRTA vascular rings were pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl or 0.3 μmol/L U46619,and the effect of luteolin on vascular-ring relaxation was observed at 1,3,10,30,100 and 300 μmol/L.The effects of 4-AP,XE-991,and ML213 on luteolin-induced vasodilation were also observed.The effect of luteolin on KCNQ1-KCNQ5 expression in the thoracic aorta was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Expression levels of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 proteins in the DRTA were detected by Western blot.Results(1)The luteolin-induced maximum vasodilation rates in DRTA pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl and 0.3 μmol/L U46619 were(97.67±8.51)％and(98.42±9.76)％,respectively.The vasodilation effect was concentration-dependent(P＜0.05).(2)4-AP(3 mmol/L)significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on DRTA vascular rings at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),and XE-991(3 μmol/L)significantly reduced the effect of luteolin at 30 and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),while ML213(1 μmol/L)significantly enhanced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin at 3,10,and 30 μmol/L(P＜0.05).(3)The relative gene expression levels of each subtype of Kv7 channel in normal DRTA were KCNQ1＞KCNQ5＞KCNQ4＞KCNQ3＞KCNQ2,with KCNQ1 being the most highly expressed.(4)Luteolin significantly enhanced the expression levels of KCNQ1 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,KCNQ2 at 1,3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),KCNQ3 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,and KCNQ4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),but did not significantly enhance the expression of KCNQ5 at 1,3,10,30,or 100 μmol/L(P＞0.05).(5)Luteolin significantly increased the expression of Kv7.1 protein in DRTA at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05)and the expression of Kv7.4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Conclusions Luteolin-induced dilation of DRTA vascular rings may be related to the enhanced gene expression of KCNQ1-4 and increased expression of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 channel proteins.

OBJECTIVE To establish a extraction process of Changyan Heji Ⅱ(CYHJ-Ⅱ)based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology combined with response surface analysis,and to optimize the extraction process.METHODS The chemical components in CYHJ-Ⅱ were qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology,and the chemical components with good linear relation-ship in mass spectrometry response were selected as process investigation indicators;the extraction process parameters(water addition amount,extraction time and soaking time)were investigated by Box-Behnken design;the comprehensive score was obtained by princi-pal component analysis(PCA),and the optimal process was determined by the comprehensive score combined with response surface a-nalysis.RESULTS Through qualitative analysis,110 components were inferred and identified from CYHJ-Ⅱ,including 2 organic acids,82 flavonoids,13 terpenoids,and 13 alkaloids.Based on the results of qualitative analysis,48 index components with good lin-ear relationships were derived by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with Masshunter mass spectrometry data analysis software.PCA was performed and the comprehensive score was calculated.Response surface analysis was performed with the comprehensive score as an indicator.The optimal extraction process obtained by combining the response surface prediction results and actual production was:soaking for 45 min,8 times the amount of solvent,2 extractions,each time for 120 min.CONCLUSION This study provides a new idea for the investigation of the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions and expands a new method for the development of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, not only leads to severe yield losses but also poses a threat to food safety due to the mycotoxins produced by the pathogen. Since this disease is preventable but not curable, the current control mainly relies on chemical fungicides, the long-term use of which may lead to pathogen resistance and environmental pollution. To develop green control methods, we screened 13 biocontrol strains from the rhizosphere soil of wheat, among which strain No. 12 (identified as Pythium aphanidermatum) showed significant antifungal effects. In the plate confrontation test, this strain reduced the colony diameter of the pathogen by 69.2% (1.47 mm vs. 4.78 mm in the control group), with an inhibition rate of 77% (P < 0.01). Microscopic observation revealed obvious deformations in the pathogen hyphae, suggesting a lysing effect. The coleoptile experiment further confirmed that the pre-treatment with this strain reduced the incidence rate to 0. These findings provide new candidate strains for the biocontrol of FHB and offer a scientific basis for reducing the use of chemical fungicides and promoting sustainable agricultural development.
Triticum/growth & development* ; Fusarium/growth & development* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Soil Microbiology ; Pest Control, Biological/methods* ; Pythium/physiology* ; Biological Control Agents ; Rhizosphere ; Fungicides, Industrial

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ABO non-identical platelets with reduced plasma (ABO-NPRP) transfusion in patients with hematological diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 therapeutic doses of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma prepared at Chongqing Blood Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The transfusion efficacy (24 h CCI) and the transfusion adverse reactions of these apheresis platelets were also observed in 35 patients with hematological diseases in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. Comparisons were made with a control group consisting of patients who received only identical apheresis platelets during the same period. Meanwhile, the effect of ABO-NPRP on the subsequent platelet transfusion efficacy was observed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in PDW, MPV, and PLCR before and after the preparation of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma (P>0.05), while the difference in platelet count was statistically significant [(2.86±0.34)×10 per therapeutic dose vs (2.46±0.28)×10 per therapeutic dose, P<0.001]; there was no statistically significant difference in the 24 h CCI transfusion efficacy between conventional identical apheresis platelets and ABO-NPRP, with transfusion efficacy rates of 76.60% and 78.85%, respectively (P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in platelet transfusion efficacy between the group with ABO-NPRP and the group without ABO-NPRP (completely identical transfusion group), with transfusion efficacy rates of 77.78% and 75.25%, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: ABO-NPRP transfusion is safe, effective, demonstrating comparable efficacy to conventional identical transfusion. It can serve as an important complementary strategy to optimize the utilization of blood resources.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ABO non-identical platelets with reduced plasma (ABO-NPRP) transfusion in patients with hematological diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 therapeutic doses of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma prepared at Chongqing Blood Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The transfusion efficacy (24 h CCI) and the transfusion adverse reactions of these apheresis platelets were also observed in 35 patients with hematological diseases in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. Comparisons were made with a control group consisting of patients who received only identical apheresis platelets during the same period. Meanwhile, the effect of ABO-NPRP on the subsequent platelet transfusion efficacy was observed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in PDW, MPV, and PLCR before and after the preparation of apheresis platelets with reduced plasma (P>0.05), while the difference in platelet count was statistically significant [(2.86±0.34)×10 per therapeutic dose vs (2.46±0.28)×10 per therapeutic dose, P<0.001]; there was no statistically significant difference in the 24 h CCI transfusion efficacy between conventional identical apheresis platelets and ABO-NPRP, with transfusion efficacy rates of 76.60% and 78.85%, respectively (P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in platelet transfusion efficacy between the group with ABO-NPRP and the group without ABO-NPRP (completely identical transfusion group), with transfusion efficacy rates of 77.78% and 75.25%, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: ABO-NPRP transfusion is safe, effective, demonstrating comparable efficacy to conventional identical transfusion. It can serve as an important complementary strategy to optimize the utilization of blood resources.

OBJECTIVE The non-volatile and volatile chemical components in Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets were analyzed sepa-rately using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).METHODS The non-volatile components were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1％formic acid aqueous solution(A)and acetonitrile(B)for gradient elution,a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1,an injection volume of 5 μL,and a column temperature of 30 ℃;the volatile components were analyzed using an Agilent SH-I-5MS column(5％Phenyl Methyl Silox,30 m×250 μm,0.25 μm);the procedure was temperature-programmed,with an injection volume of 1 μL,a split ratio of 10∶1,a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and an inlet temperature of 200 ℃.RESULTS A total of 134 non-volatile chemical components and 23 volatile components were analyzed and identified from Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,among which 49 compounds were confirmed through comparison with reference stand-ards.The non-volatile components mainly include 27 flavonoids,21 organic acids,15 lignans,14 iridoids,12 phenylethanoid glyco-sides,11 saponins,10 alkaloids,5 terpenes,4 amino acids,3 phenylpropanoids,3 nucleosides,3 xanthones,3 phenolic glycosides,2 chromones and 1 carbohydrate.The volatile components mainly include 11 monoterpenes,5 alcohols and phenols,3 alkenes,2 ke-tones,1 ester,and 1 hydrocarbon.CONCLUSION This study rapidly identifies the chemical components of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,laying a preliminary foundation for research on the pharmacodynamic substances of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets and the im-provement of quality control standards.

OBJECTIVE The non-volatile and volatile chemical components in Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets were analyzed sepa-rately using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).METHODS The non-volatile components were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1％formic acid aqueous solution(A)and acetonitrile(B)for gradient elution,a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1,an injection volume of 5 μL,and a column temperature of 30 ℃;the volatile components were analyzed using an Agilent SH-I-5MS column(5％Phenyl Methyl Silox,30 m×250 μm,0.25 μm);the procedure was temperature-programmed,with an injection volume of 1 μL,a split ratio of 10∶1,a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and an inlet temperature of 200 ℃.RESULTS A total of 134 non-volatile chemical components and 23 volatile components were analyzed and identified from Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,among which 49 compounds were confirmed through comparison with reference stand-ards.The non-volatile components mainly include 27 flavonoids,21 organic acids,15 lignans,14 iridoids,12 phenylethanoid glyco-sides,11 saponins,10 alkaloids,5 terpenes,4 amino acids,3 phenylpropanoids,3 nucleosides,3 xanthones,3 phenolic glycosides,2 chromones and 1 carbohydrate.The volatile components mainly include 11 monoterpenes,5 alcohols and phenols,3 alkenes,2 ke-tones,1 ester,and 1 hydrocarbon.CONCLUSION This study rapidly identifies the chemical components of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,laying a preliminary foundation for research on the pharmacodynamic substances of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets and the im-provement of quality control standards.

OBJECTIVE To establish a extraction process of Changyan Heji Ⅱ(CYHJ-Ⅱ)based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology combined with response surface analysis,and to optimize the extraction process.METHODS The chemical components in CYHJ-Ⅱ were qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology,and the chemical components with good linear relation-ship in mass spectrometry response were selected as process investigation indicators;the extraction process parameters(water addition amount,extraction time and soaking time)were investigated by Box-Behnken design;the comprehensive score was obtained by princi-pal component analysis(PCA),and the optimal process was determined by the comprehensive score combined with response surface a-nalysis.RESULTS Through qualitative analysis,110 components were inferred and identified from CYHJ-Ⅱ,including 2 organic acids,82 flavonoids,13 terpenoids,and 13 alkaloids.Based on the results of qualitative analysis,48 index components with good lin-ear relationships were derived by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with Masshunter mass spectrometry data analysis software.PCA was performed and the comprehensive score was calculated.Response surface analysis was performed with the comprehensive score as an indicator.The optimal extraction process obtained by combining the response surface prediction results and actual production was:soaking for 45 min,8 times the amount of solvent,2 extractions,each time for 120 min.CONCLUSION This study provides a new idea for the investigation of the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions and expands a new method for the development of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions.

Objective To investigate the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on isolated denuded-endothelium rat thoracic aorta(DRTA)vascular rings,and the mechanistic role of the Kv7 ion channel.Methods The tension of DRTA vascular rings was measured using an ex vivo tissue perfusion muscle-tone detection system.DRTA vascular rings were pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl or 0.3 μmol/L U46619,and the effect of luteolin on vascular-ring relaxation was observed at 1,3,10,30,100 and 300 μmol/L.The effects of 4-AP,XE-991,and ML213 on luteolin-induced vasodilation were also observed.The effect of luteolin on KCNQ1-KCNQ5 expression in the thoracic aorta was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Expression levels of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 proteins in the DRTA were detected by Western blot.Results(1)The luteolin-induced maximum vasodilation rates in DRTA pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl and 0.3 μmol/L U46619 were(97.67±8.51)％and(98.42±9.76)％,respectively.The vasodilation effect was concentration-dependent(P＜0.05).(2)4-AP(3 mmol/L)significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on DRTA vascular rings at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),and XE-991(3 μmol/L)significantly reduced the effect of luteolin at 30 and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),while ML213(1 μmol/L)significantly enhanced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin at 3,10,and 30 μmol/L(P＜0.05).(3)The relative gene expression levels of each subtype of Kv7 channel in normal DRTA were KCNQ1＞KCNQ5＞KCNQ4＞KCNQ3＞KCNQ2,with KCNQ1 being the most highly expressed.(4)Luteolin significantly enhanced the expression levels of KCNQ1 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,KCNQ2 at 1,3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),KCNQ3 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,and KCNQ4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),but did not significantly enhance the expression of KCNQ5 at 1,3,10,30,or 100 μmol/L(P＞0.05).(5)Luteolin significantly increased the expression of Kv7.1 protein in DRTA at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05)and the expression of Kv7.4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Conclusions Luteolin-induced dilation of DRTA vascular rings may be related to the enhanced gene expression of KCNQ1-4 and increased expression of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 channel proteins.

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the chronological changes in postoperative complications in surgical ulcerative colitis patients over the past decade in China and to investigate the potential parameters that contributed to the changes. Methods: Ulcerative colitis patients who underwent surgery during 2008–2017 were retrospectively enrolled from 13 hospitals in China. Postoperative complications were compared among different operation years. Risk factors for complications were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 446 surgical ulcerative colitis patients were analyzed. Fewer short-term complications (24.8% vs. 41.0%, P=0.001) and more laparoscopic surgeries (66.4% vs. 25.0%, P<0.001) were found among patients who received surgery during 2014–2017 than 2008–2013. Logistic regression suggested that independent protective factors against short-term complications were a higher preoperative body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 0.870; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.785–0.964; P=0.008), laparoscopic surgery (OR, 0.391; 95% CI, 0.217–0.705; P=0.002) and elective surgery (OR, 0.213; 95% CI, 0.067–0.675; P=0.009). The chronological decrease in short-term complications was associated with an increase in laparoscopic surgery. Conclusions Our data revealed a downward trend of short-term postoperative complications among surgical ulcerative colitis patients in China during the past decade, which may be due to the promotion of minimally invasive techniques among Chinese surgeons.