Objective: To understand the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress among upper grade elemetary school students, and to explore the mediating role of leisure activities in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for developing mental health intervention strategies. Methods: From August to November 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 1 373 fourth to sixth grade students from four primary schools in Harbin. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), a self designed leisure activity scale (including active and passive leisure activities), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess childhood trauma experiences, leisure activities, and levels of psychological distress. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships among childhood trauma, leisure types, leisure time, and psychological distress. Based on the mediation analysis framework proposed by Hayes (Model 4), the mediating role of leisure types in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress was examined. Results: Totally 19.1% of the upper elemetary school students exhibited psychological distress, while 30.2% had experienced childhood trauma. During school days, 64.6% of the students were reported of having leisure time concentrated between 1 and 5 hours per day, whereas 67.4% reported leisure time exceeding 5 hours per day on weekends. After controlling for potential demographic confounders such as gender, grade, ethnicity, household registration, being an only child, parents educational level, co residence, and whether parents are first time married,linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma experience had positive predictive effect on psychological distress in upper primary school students( β =0.20, P <0.01). Leisure time showed no statistically significant association with psychological distress, both on school days ( β =-0.58 to -0.56) and weekends ( β =0.26- 0.98 )(all P >0.05). Active leisure activities were negatively associated with psychological distress ( β =-0.20), while passive leisure activities were positively associated with psychological distress ( β =0.29)(both P <0.01). Leisure type partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress, accounting for 11.7% of the indirect effect. Conclusion Childhood trauma experiences positively predict psychological distress in upper elementary school students, and affect psychological distress through active leisure and passive leisure.

Purpose To investigate the functional connectivity(FC)pattern between the bilateral lower limb sensorimotor cortex(LSM)and the whole brain in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Materials and Methods A total of 44 DPN patients and 43 healthy controls admitted to Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from February 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled prospectively and underwent neuropsychological assessment and resting-state fMRI scans.Using bilateral LSM as the regions of interest,the differences of bilateral LSM and whole brain FC between DPN patients and healthy controls were compared.FC in different brain areas were extracted and correlated with clinical/neuropsychological scores.Results Compared with healthy controls,DPN patients had reduced FC of the LSM with the right cerebellar lobule Ⅵ,the right lateral occipitotemporal cortex,the bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex and the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus.The FC between LSM and right cerebellar Ⅵ in DPN patients were significantly negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(r=-0.490,P=0.001).The FC between LSM and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus in DPN patients were significantly positively correlated with Montreal cognitive assessment scores(r=0.479,P=0.001).Conclusion Abnormal FC between LSM and multiple brain regions,suggesting that DPN may have extensive effects on brain regions that maintain motion and motor control function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Objective To investigate the weight loss efficacy and mechanisms of oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite,and to provide new approaches for obesity treatment.Methods Twenty-three SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=3)and modeling group(n=20).The control group was fed an ordinary diet for 6 consecutive weeks,and the modeling group was fed a high-fat diet for 6 consecutive weeks to establish a simple obesity rat model.After successful modeling,the modeling group was randomly divided into model group(n=10)and treatment group(n=10).The treatment group started anoint-and-massage therapy with oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite(3 g per rat per time,once a day,20 min each time),which was recorded as day 1.The control group and model group were not treated with oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite but received the same massage,and continued to be fed ordinary feed and high-fat feed respectively.Ten rats in the model group and ten in the treatment group were each divided into 3 groups,with 3,3,and 4 rats in each group.On days 3,6,and 9 after treatment,the rats in the three groups were weighed and cardiac blood collection was performed after isoflurane respiratory anesthesia.After euthanasia by cardiac bloodletting,abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue(aSAT)and perirenal white adipose tissue(pWAT)samples were collected and weighed.Serum triglycerides(TG)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were measured.Image J software was used to measure aSAT thickness and the diameter and area of perirenal white adipocytes and abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes.Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the number of telocytes(TCs),cell junctions and exosomes per unit area of aSAT.Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the length of telopodes(Tps)of dermal and subcutaneous TCs in abdominal skin,and to observe the distribution of exosome vesicles,rough endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria,and cell junctions.Results Compared with the control group,the body weight of rats in the modeling group increased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,rats in the model group showed a significant increase in serum TG level,a significant decrease in HDL-C level,and a significant increase in pWAT mass(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed a significantly increased rate of body weight reduction,significantly decreased pWAT mass,significantly decreased serum TG level,and significantly increased HDL-C level(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significant reductions in aSAT thickness,as well as cell diameter and area in both aSAT and pWAT(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significantly increased number of TCs per unit area of aSAT,number of exosomes from TCs in aSAT,and Tps length(all P＜0.05).The treatment group showed an increasing trend in the numbers of mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum,and cell junctions in TCs.Conclusion Oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite applied via anoint-and-massage therapy effectively improves obesity-related symptoms such as dyslipidemia and fat accumulation in obese rats by regulating TCs and their intercellular communication.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of melatonin in alleviating hypoxia-induced apoptosis in ovarian gra-nulosa cells.Methods Rat ovarian granulosa cells were isolated and divided into normoxic,hypoxic,and melatonin groups.Hypoxia-induced injury models were established in the hypoxic and melatonin groups,and granulosa cells in the melatonin group were treated with melatonin.A total of 24 rats were randomized into the control,model,and intervention groups(n=8 per group).Rat models of declining ovarian function induced by long-term hypoxia were established in the model and intervention groups.The rats in the intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin.Cell proliferation was measured using a CCK-8 assay,and lactate secretion and HIF-1αprotein with a specific kit,respectively.The levels of estradiol and progesterone in the cell supernatant and rat serum were detected using ELISA.Granulosa cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,ovarian morphology by HE staining,and Bax and caspase-3 expression by Western blotting.Results Compared with the normoxic group,the hypoxic group exhibited decreased granulosa cell proliferation,increased apoptosis,elevated lactate and HIF-1α levels,and reduced estradiol and progesterone levels(P＜0.05).Compared with hypoxic group,these changes were significantly reversed in the molatonin group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the model group showed increased lactate,HIF-1α,Bax,and caspase-3 levels,decreased estradiol and progesterone levels,and reduced follicles.Compared with the model group,all the indicators were ameliorated in the intervention group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Melatonin alleviated hypoxia-induced granulosa cell apoptosis and promoted the recovery of ovarian function.

Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

Objective: To explore the impact of sleep quality, experience of childhood maltreatment, and their interaction on depressive symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide the reference for early intervention of depressive symptoms among middle school students. Methods: From September to December 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 231 students from two secondary schools in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province by a convenient sampling method. The survey included general demographic information, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Short Version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The Chi square test was used to analyze the differences in depressive symptom, sleep quality and childhood maltreatment among students with different demographic characteristics. Correlation analysis was conducted using Logistic regression, and interaction analysis was performed by both additive and multiplicative interaction models. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students was 22.7%, and the rate for high school students (35.2%) was significantly higher than that for middle school students (17.0%) ( χ 2=50.35, P <0.01). The detection rates of depressive symptoms among middle school students with a history of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality were 45.8% and 44.0%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to students without a history of childhood maltreatment, students with a history of childhood maltreatment had a higher risk of depressive symptoms ( OR =4.49，95% CI =3.31~ 6.09 , P <0.01);students with poor sleep quality had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than students with good sleep quality ( OR = 5.99，95% CI =4.37~8.22, P <0.01).The interaction results showed that the presence of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had an additive interaction on the occurrence of depression in middle school students. Compared with students without childhood maltreatment and having good sleep quality, students with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had a 22.49 times higher risk of developing depression ( OR =22.49，95% CI =14.22~35.59, P <0.01). Conclusion Depressive symptoms among middle school students are associated with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality, and there is an additive interaction between childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality on the impact of depressive symptoms.

Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of PD, and numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of modulations in the intestinal microbiota. This review provides insights into the characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with PD and highlights associations with clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms. The discussion underscores the increased influence of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. While the relationship is not fully elucidated, existing research demonstrates a strong correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and disease development, and further investigation is warranted to explain the specific underlying mechanisms.
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Dysbiosis/microbiology*

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery has been a common practice for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, but the response rate varies among patients. This study aimed to develop a ResNet-Vision Transformer based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-endoscopy fusion model to precisely predict treatment response and provide personalized treatment. METHODS: In this multicenter study, 366 eligible patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery at eight Chinese tertiary hospitals between January 2017 and June 2024 were recruited, with 2928 pretreatment colonic endoscopic images and 366 pelvic MRI images. An MRI-endoscopy fusion model was constructed based on the ResNet backbone and Transformer network using pretreatment MRI and endoscopic images. Treatment response was defined as good response or non-good response based on the tumor regression grade. The Delong test and the Hanley-McNeil test were utilized to compare prediction performance among different models and different subgroups, respectively. The predictive performance of the MRI-endoscopy fusion model was comprehensively validated in the test sets and was further compared to that of the single-modal MRI model and single-modal endoscopy model. RESULTS: The MRI-endoscopy fusion model demonstrated favorable prediction performance. In the internal validation set, the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy were 0.852 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.744-0.940) and 0.737 (95% CI: 0.712-0.844), respectively. Moreover, the AUC and accuracy reached 0.769 (95% CI: 0.678-0.861) and 0.729 (95% CI: 0.628-0.821), respectively, in the external test set. In addition, the MRI-endoscopy fusion model outperformed the single-modal MRI model (AUC: 0.692 [95% CI: 0.609-0.783], accuracy: 0.659 [95% CI: 0.565-0.775]) and the single-modal endoscopy model (AUC: 0.720 [95% CI: 0.617-0.823], accuracy: 0.713 [95% CI: 0.612-0.809]) in the external test set. CONCLUSION The MRI-endoscopy fusion model based on ResNet-Vision Transformer achieved favorable performance in predicting treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and holds tremendous potential for enabling personalized treatment regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer patients.
Humans ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods* ; Aged ; Adult ; Chemoradiotherapy/methods* ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Treatment Outcome

Hypercholesterolemia is a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. 2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-N ⁶-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (IMM-H007), a novel AMPK agonist, has shown protective effects in metabolic diseases. However, its impact on cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in hypercholesterolemia remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects and specific mechanisms by which IMM-H007 regulates cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism. To achieve this goal, we used Apoe ^-/- and Ldlr ^-/- mice to establish a hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis model. Additionally, hepatocyte-specific Ampka1/2 knockout mice were subjected to a 5-week high-cholesterol diet to establish hypercholesterolemia, while atherosclerosis was induced via AAV-PCSK9 injection combined with a 16-week high-cholesterol diet. Our results demonstrated that IMM-H007 improved cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in mice with hypercholesterolemia. Mechanistically, IMM-H007 modulated the AMPKα1/2-LDLR signaling pathway, increasing cholesterol uptake in the liver. Furthermore, IMM-H007 activated the AMPKα1-FXR pathway, promoting the conversion of hepatic cholesterol to bile acids. Additionally, IMM-H007 prevented hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPKα1/2-ATGL pathway. In conclusion, our study suggests that IMM-H007 is a promising therapeutic agent for improving hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis through the activation of AMPKα.