Objective To investigate the species of sandflies and the prevalence of Leishmania infections in sandflies from selected areas of northern and northwestern China, so as to provide insights into identification of leishmaniasis vectors and assessment of epidemiological trends of leishmaniasis in China. Methods Sandfly samples were collected from Mentougou District of Beijing Municipality, Xiangning County in Linfen City of Shanxi Province, Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Payzawat County of Karamay District of Karamay City, Gaochang District of Turpan City in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2023 to July 2024. Approximately 100 intact female sandfly samples were randomly selected from each site and the species of sandflies was identified according to morphological characteristics and molecular assays. Female sandflies originating from the same habitat were grouped into pools of 10 individuals. Leishmania infection was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) gene, and the prevalence of Leishmania infection was calculated in sandflies from different sampling sites using the minimum infection rate (MIR) method. In addition, positive amplicons were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Results A total of 6 155 sandflies were collected from different environments at sampling sites across the six aforementioned regions from July 2023 to July 2024. Phlebotomus chinensis (96.00%) was the dominant sandfly species in Mentougou District, Beijing Municipality, with a small proportion of Ph. sergenti (4.00%), and only Ph. chinensis was found in Xiangning County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province. Ph. wui was the only sandfly species detected in Ejin Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Payzawat County, Kashgar City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Ph. caucasicus (97.70%) was the dominant sandfly species in Karamay District, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with a small proportion of Ph. wui (2.30%), while Ph. alexandri was the only species in Gaochang District, Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A total of 40, 60, 34, 18, 18, and 22 pools of sandfly samples were tested from Mentougou District in Beijing Municipality, Xiangning County in Linfen City of Shanxi Province, Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Payzawat County in Kashgar City, Karamay District in Karamay City, and Gaochang District in Turpan City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, respectively. L. infantum was detected in Ph. chinensis samples from Mentougou District in Beijing Municipality, and Xiangning County of Linfen City in Shanxi Province, with MIR of 0.25% to 1.00%, and L. donovani was detected in Ph. wui from Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Payzawat County in Kashgar City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with MIR of 0.56% to 0.88%; however, no Leishmania infection was detected in Ph. caucasicus from Karamay District in Karamay City or Ph. alexandri from Gaochang District in Turpan City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Leishmania ITS-1 gene sequences obtained from Mentougou District in Beijing Municipality and Xiangning County in Linfen City of Shanxi Province were clustered into the same clade with the reference sequences of L. infantum ITS-1 gene, while the Leishmania ITS-1 gene sequences obtained from Ejin Banner in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Payzawat County in Kashgar City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were clustered into the same clade with the reference sequences of L. donovani ITS-1 gene. Conclusions There are variations in sandfly species in selected areas of northern and northwestern China, and variations in the species of Leishmania infecting sandflies. Improved surveillance of sandfly vectors and targeted control strategies with adaptations to geographical features and leishmaniasis vectors are recommended.

This study delves into the pivotal factors influencing the consensus process within traditional Chinese medicine guideline development, with the objective of augmenting the quality of this process through methodological recommendations aimed at elevating standardization.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of psychological intervention on postoperative outcomes of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing correction.Methods:A computer-based online search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PQDT, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , Wanfang Database, VIP Chinese Journal Database, China Biology Medicine disc, controlled-trials and chictr clinical controlled trial databases from establishment to July 25, 2021 was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of psychological intervention on adolescent AIS patients undergoing correction surgery. RevMan 5.3 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.Results:Finally, 10 articles were included, with a total of 621 patients. Meta-analysis showed that psychological intervention could reduce postoperative pain ( SMD=-0.62, 95% CI: -1.15- -0.08, P=0.02) and reduce postoperative anxiety ( SMD=-0.54, 95% CI: -1.03- -0.06, P=0.03) , descriptive analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy could improve postoperative quality of life and mobility. Conclusions:Psychological intervention can reduce the pain and anxiety level of patients with scoliosis after surgery, improve the quality of life after surgery and improve the activity ability. However, due to the small number of studies and high heterogeneity of results, higher quality and large sample studies are needed to further validate the intervention effect and provide guidance for clinical practice.

Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Smoke/adverse effects* ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

Objective:To analyze and summarize adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and pancytopenia caused by Linezolid in elderly patients, in order to enhance clinicians' awareness of adverse reactions of Linezolid.Methods:One case with Linezolid-induced lactic acidosis, pancytopenia and hypoglycemia was reported in a patient receiving long-term and repeated use of Linezolid for recurrent urinary tract infections(RUTI)in Beijing Hospital.National and international literature on the three severe and rare adverse reactions caused by Linezolid before December 2018 was reviewed, and the risk factors, clinical characteristics and prognosis of the three severe adverse reactions caused by Linezolid were summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 86 cases with Linezolid-induced adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and pancytopenia were analyzed.Among them, the ratio of males to females was 1.8∶1.0, the median age was 64.5 years, and 44 cases were over 65 years, accounting for 51.2%.Among the 57 patients with lactic acidosis, 25 lactic acidosis cases were combined with liver and kidney diseases, which were the most commonly involved organs(43.9%, 25/57). The time of onset for lactic acidosis was 4 h-109 d, with a median value of 32 d, and the peak values of blood lactate were 2.6-38.1 mmol/L, with a median value of 13.3 mol/L.Pancytopenia occurred 4 h-120 days after the treatment, and the median value was 21 days.The time of onset for hypoglycemia was 8 h-26, and the median time was 10.3 days.The lowest value of blood glucose was 0.2 mmol/L.Of the 86 cases, 61(70.9%)patients improved, and 12 cases of 51 patients with lactic acidosis died, with a mortality rate of 23.5%.Conclusions:Clinicians should be aware of serious adverse reactions including hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and pancytopenia during Linezolid treatment in elderly patients.It is recommended to monitor changes in blood glucose, blood lactate and blood cell count during Linezolid treatment, and to avoid long-term use of Linezolid, so as to maximize the benefits for patients.

Objective:Network meta-analyses (NMA) were used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and acceptability of 20 maintenance treatment strategies for bipolar disorder (BD), such as lithium, imipramine, lithium+imipramine, carbamazepine, lithium+carbamazepine, valproic acid salt, lamotrigine, fluoxetine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, oxcarbazepine, quetiapine, lithium+valproic acid, risperidone long-acting injection, lamotrigine+valproic acid salt, aripiprazole+lamotrigine, paliperidone, ziprasidone, lurasidone, quetiapine sustained release.Methods:The Literatures were systematically searched from PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data (Wanfang), China biology medicine disc (CBMdisc) until 11/21/2019. Randomized controlled studies of the maintenance therapy with single or combination drugs for at least 12 weeks were selected. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who got recurrence in the total number of patients. Efficacy of pharmacological treatments was assessed during the maintenance treatment treatments by using a random-effects network meta-analysis model within a Frequentists framework. Data analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 software.Results:40 studies covering with 10 431 patients were included, and 20 kinds of maintenance treatments for BD were performed. In terms of clinical efficacy, the top 5 treatments were lurasidone,quetiapine, olazanpine, lithium+carbamazepine, aripiprazole+lamotrigine.lithium ( RR:0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.97), olanzapine ( RR:0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.75), quetiapine ( RR:0.50, 95% CI: 0.33-0.74) and lurasidone ( RR:0.40, 95% CI: 0.19-0.83) were significantly superior to placebo. Conclusions:Lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine and lurasidone may be more effective than placebo,.but the efficaly of other monotherapy and combination therapy strategies need to be proven.

Objective:Network meta-analyses (NMA) were used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and acceptability of 20 maintenance treatment strategies for bipolar disorder (BD), such as lithium, imipramine, lithium+imipramine, carbamazepine, lithium+carbamazepine, valproic acid salt, lamotrigine, fluoxetine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, oxcarbazepine, quetiapine, lithium+valproic acid, risperidone long-acting injection, lamotrigine+valproic acid salt, aripiprazole+lamotrigine, paliperidone, ziprasidone, lurasidone, quetiapine sustained release.Methods:The Literatures were systematically searched from PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data (Wanfang), China biology medicine disc (CBMdisc) until 11/21/2019. Randomized controlled studies of the maintenance therapy with single or combination drugs for at least 12 weeks were selected. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who got recurrence in the total number of patients. Efficacy of pharmacological treatments was assessed during the maintenance treatment treatments by using a random-effects network meta-analysis model within a Frequentists framework. Data analysis was performed in Stata 14.0 software.Results:40 studies covering with 10 431 patients were included, and 20 kinds of maintenance treatments for BD were performed. In terms of clinical efficacy, the top 5 treatments were lurasidone,quetiapine, olazanpine, lithium+carbamazepine, aripiprazole+lamotrigine.lithium ( RR:0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.97), olanzapine ( RR:0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.75), quetiapine ( RR:0.50, 95% CI: 0.33-0.74) and lurasidone ( RR:0.40, 95% CI: 0.19-0.83) were significantly superior to placebo. Conclusions:Lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine and lurasidone may be more effective than placebo,.but the efficaly of other monotherapy and combination therapy strategies need to be proven.