Visfatin,also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)or pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor,is a proinflam-matory adipokine.Its immunomodulatory effects are closely associated with its pro-inflammatory activity,influencing the secretion of vari-ous cytokines and the function of immune cells.Visfatin exerts pro-tumorigenic effects in most cancers.The tumor immune microenviron-ment(TIME)comprises immune cells within the tumor tissue and an array of secreted cytokines.Growing evidence suggests that visfatin plays a regulatory role in the TIME by promoting inflammatory responses and modulating the polarization of immune cells,their secretory functions,surface protein expression,and energy metabolism,thereby influencing cancer progression.These newly discovered mechanisms provide a critical foundation for the application of NAMPT inhibitors(NAMPTi)in cancer immunotherapy.This review summarizes recent ad-vances in understanding the role of visfatin in tumor immunology and explores the therapeutic potential of NAMPTi in oncology.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of robot system-assisted versus freehand screw revision for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with lower cervical fractures.Methods:A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 57 patients with AS combined with lower cervical fractures admitted to Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital, and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, including 46 males and 11 females, aged 38-77 years [(65.4±9.5)years]. Injury segments involved C 3 in 7 patients, C 4 in 13, C 5 in 25, C 6 in 10, and C 7 in 2. All the patients underwent revision surgery, among whom, 22 patients were treated with robot system-assisted cervical pedicle screw placement (robot nailing group, with 190 screws), and 35 with freehand cervical pedicle screw placement (freehand nailing group, with 300 screws). The operative duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy, incision length, and length of hospital stay of the two groups were compared; the time of single nscrew insertion, the number of single nail revisions, the distance between screws and the anterior cortex, the accuracy of screw placement of grade 0 and grade 0+1 were recorded in the two groups. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Society (JOA) score, neck dysfunction index (NDI), American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) classification before operation, at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. The complication rate was also noted. Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-16 months [(14.3±2.1)months]. The operative duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, and frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy were (186.4±12.9)minutes, (486.1±68.6)ml, and (3.4±1.3)times in the robot nailing group, which were shorter or less than (206.7±14.4)minutes, (660.3±45.2)ml, and (13.5±3.6)times in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The incision length was (9.4±2.4)cm in the robot nailing group, longer than (5.6±1.2)cm in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01), and the length of hospital stay was (3.7±0.4)days, shorter than (4.4±1.4)days in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The length of single nail insertion, the number of single nail revision, and the distance between the screws and the front cortex were (6.5±0.4)minutes, (1.1±0.1)times, and (3.5±1.3)mm in the robot nailing group, which were shorter or less than (11.6±0.2)minutes, (1.5±0.2)times, and (12.4±4.7)mm in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.01). The accuracy of the screw placement in the robot nailing group was 90.0% (171/190) and 95.8% (182/190) with level 0 and 0+1 screws, better than 80.0% (240/300) and 89.0% (267/300) in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS, JOA score, NDI, or ASIA grading between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05). The VAS, JOA, and NDI scores at 3 days after operation were (3.1±0.6)points, (12.1±1.2)points, and (15.6±2.9)points, respectively in the robot nailing group, which were better than (5.0±1.4)points, (11.3±1.1)points and (22.5±3.7)points, respectively in the freehand nailing group ( P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the ASIA grade between the two groups at 3 days after operation ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, JOA, NDI scores, or ASIA grading between the two groups at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Compared with those before operation, the VAS, JOA, NDI scores, and ASIA grading were significantly improved at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up in the two groups, which were further improved with the passage of time. Two patients in the robot nailing group had pneumonia, with a complication rate of 9% (2/22), while 2 patients in the freehand nailing group had dural sac rupture and cerebrospinal fluid leakage and 3 had lung infection after operation, with a complication rate of 14% (5/35) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with freehand nailing, the robot system-assisted nailing revision for AS with lower cervical fracture has more advantages in terms of the operative duration, length of hospital stay, intraoperative bleeding volume, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy nailing speed and accuracy, screw holding force, early pain relief, function restoration, and complication rate, despite longer surgical incision.

Parkinson disease is a widespread progressive neurodegenerative disease. Clinical diagnostic methods are not sufficient to provide an early and accurate diagnosis before a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons. Molecular imaging techniques can be used for early diagnosis of Parkinson disease through a variety of imaging agents. In this paper, the research progress of molecular imaging in the diagnosis of Parkinson disease is reviewed from the aspects of imaging agents and imaging methods.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5) in ferroptosis at its regulatory mechanisms in ulcerative colitis (UC), using both a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of acute colitis and in vitro cell experiments.Methods:Differentially expressed genes in UC were identified using the GSE87466 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus, cross-referenced with the ferroptosis-related gene database FerrDB (version 2). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, identifying HSPA5 as a core hub gene. To validate its role in vivo, acute colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice using DSS, followed by treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis levels were assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron content in colon tissues. The expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin light chain (FTL), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and HSPA5, in addition to tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin, were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In vitro, an inflammatory model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Lentiviral knockdown of HSPA5 was performed to assess its regulatory effects on ferroptosis by assessing MDA levels, GPX4 activity, and the expression of related proteins. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS (version 29.1), with t-tests or one-way ANOVA for normally distributed data and the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal data. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results:Based on the PPI analysis and previous research, HSPA5 emerged as a key gene linking UC and ferroptosis. In DSS-treated mice, colonic injury was accompanied by elevated MDA levels ( t=5.72, P<0.001) and iron accumulation ( t=6.32, P<0.001). DSS also increased the expression of PTGS2 and proteins in the ATF4-HSPA5 pathway, while reducing the levels of GPX4, FTL, ZO-1, and Occludin. These findings could be partially reversed by Fer-1 (MDA: t=2.92, P<0.05; iron: t=5.84, P<0.001). In Caco-2 cells, LPS treatment elevated the expression of PTGS2, ATF4, and HSPA5, and elevated the MDA content ( t=9.63, P<0.001), while reducing the expression of FTL, GPX4, ZO-1, and Occludin, as well as GPX4 enzyme activity ( t=-11.20, P<0.001). Knockdown of HSPA5 further exacerbated these changes, significantly increasing MDA levels ( t=4.15, P<0.01), decreasing GPX4 activity ( t=-9.81, P<0.001), and altering ferroptosis-related protein expression. Conclusion:HSPA5 appears to protect against intestinal damage in UC by enhancing GPX4 expression and activity, thereby reducing ferroptosis and preserving epithelial barrier integrity through the maintenance of tight junction proteins.

Objective:To understand the current status of residents′ cognition of doctor-patient relationship and its influencing factors in a certain area of Guangxi under the background of Healthy China, so as to provide references for building the harmonious doctor-patient relationship.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey among permanent residents in a certain area of Guangxi from June 1 to July 31, 2023. The survey included residents′ sociodemographic characteristics and their perceptions of doctor-patient relationships. A logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of residents′ perceptions of doctor-patient relationships.Results:A total of 114 796 residents participated in the survey. Among them, 44.1% (50 593) believed that the current doctor-patient relationship was harmonious, 47.8% (54 874) considered it neutral, and 8.1% (9 329) perceived it as discordant. The multinomial logistic regression model revealed that males, urban residents, older age groups, unmarried individuals, those with higher education levels, and those in poor health were more likely to perceive the doctor-patient relationship as discordant( P<0.05). Residents who valued health-related behaviors and knowledge, as well as those aware of health policies, were more likely to agree that the doctor-patient relationship was harmonious( P<0.05). Conclusions:Over 90% of residents in a certain area of Guangxi perceived the current doctor-patient relationship as either harmonious or neutral. Strengthening health education and enhancing the promotion of health policies can positively contribute to a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

Objective:To analyze the composition and diversity characteristics of facial microbial communities in patients with moderate acne.Methods:This prospective study enrolled 30 patients with moderate acne [12 males, 18 females; aged 21-30 (25.4±2.5) years] from the Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from March to July 2021. Thirty healthy controls [13 males, 17 females; aged 24-29 (25.2±1.4) years] were included during the same period. Facial skin swabs were collected from both groups. Total DNA was extracted, followed by PCR amplification, library preparation, and PE250 sequencing. After splicing, filtering, denoising, and chimera removal, amplicon sequence variants (ASV) feature tables and representative sequences were generated to compare microbial community differences between the two groups.Results:A total of 60 samples were sequenced, yielding 2 021 342 valid sequences. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were clustered into 8 379 ASV, with 589 ASV shared between the two groups, while 6 445 ASV were uniquely identified in healthy controls. At the phylum level, both groups showed similar dominant phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the acne group was predominantly colonized by Ralstonia (relative abundance 31.85%) and Staphylococcus (28.04%), while healthy controls exhibited more balanced distributions, primarily Staphylococcus (9.18%) and Enhydrobacter (7.37%). Alpha diversity analysis, Beta diversity analysis, and LefSe analysis revealed statistically significant differences in microbial communities between groups ( R2=0.157, P<0.001). The acne group showed lower microbial richness and evenness compared to healthy controls (both P<0.001). Conclusion:Patients with moderate acne exhibit microecological imbalance in facial microbial communities, characterized by reduced microbial richness and evenness.

Objective:Exploring the efficacy and safety of the combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors with chemotherapy for the treatment of local recurrence at the primary tumor site of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following definitive chemoradiotherapy.Methods:Seventy-six patients with local recurrence at the primary tumor site of ESCC following definitive chemoradiotherapy, who were treated at the Cancer Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to January 2024. All patients received treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy, and the short-term efficacy, long-term efficacy, and adverse reactions were observed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed to identify the factors influencing overall survival (OS) and after-recurrence survival (ARS).Results:Among the 76 patients, 7 achieved partial response, 35 had stable disease, and 34 experienced progressive disease. The objective response rate was 9.2% (7/76), and the disease control rate was 55.3% (42/76). With a median follow-up time of 23.1 months, 33 out of 76 patients died. The median survival time was 38.5 months (95% CI: 29.6-47.3 months); the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year OS were 94.5%, 66.6%, and 51.7%, respectively. The median ARS was 14.7 months (95% CI: 10.4-19.1 months); the 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month ARS were 85.8%, 59.6%, and 25.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the initial radiation dose, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of patients after recurrence, the recurrence-free interval (RFI), and the approach to chemotherapy treatment following local esophageal recurrence were factors affecting OS and ARS ( P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that initial radiotherapy dose ( HR=0.268, 95% CI: 0.100-0.720), the ECOG performance status after recurrence ( HR=4.106, 95% CI: 1.228-13.728), and RFI ( HR=0.248, 95% CI: 0.106-0.582) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Additionally, the initial radiation dose ( HR=0.289, 95% CI: 0.098-0.853) and the ECOG performance status after recurrence ( HR=5.143,95% CI:1.404-18.838) were independent prognostic factors for ARS. The incidence of treatment-related adverse-reactions was 85.5% (65/76). Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse reactions primarily included anemia in 4 cases, leukopenia in 8 cases, neutropenia in 9 cases, thrombocytopenia in 2 cases, liver function abnormalities in 4 cases, and elevated troponin T in 2 cases. There were no cases of treatment-related mortality. Conclusions:The combination of PD-1 inhibitors with chemotherapy is safe and effective for local recurrence at the primary tumor site of ESCC following definitive chemoradiotherapy and can provide survival benefits for patients. This approach can be considered as a therapeutic option for local recurrence at the primary tumor site of ESCC following definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Objective:To analyze suicide methods and demographic characteristics of attempted suicide pa-tients in Baise City,Guangxi and to provide the basis for suicide intervention.Methods:A retrospective analysis method was conducted on the case data of attempted suicide patients treated in the emergency departments of 14 general hospitals in Baise City from 2018 to 2021.The situation of attempted suicide patients was recorded using the suicide patient information collection forms.Results:Among the 2 529 attempted suicide patients,1 636 committed-suicide by taking pesticides,557 used therapeutic drugs,112 used rodenticides,and 53 used carbonmonoxide(CO).The proportion of male and farmer suicides by taking pesticides was higher,and the proportion of female and non-farmer suicides by taking therapeutic drugs was higher.Multivariate analysis showed that the proportion of patients aged 45-60 years old patients who took pesticide was higher(OR=3.18),while the proportion of patients aged 45～60 who took therapeutic drugs was lower(OR=0.19).The proportion of suicides taking pesticides and using carbon monoxide significantly decreased in 2020(OR=0.56)and 2021(OR=0.52),while the proportion of sui-cides taking therapeutic drugs significantly increased in 2020(OR=2.04)and 2021(OR=3.18).Conclusion:Proportion of attempted suicide by taking pesticides is the most common method of suicide among residents in Baise City,with males,farmers,and middle-aged groups being the most affected.The proportion of attempted suicide by taking medication has significantly increased,with a higher incidence among women.

Hyperuricemia is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from purine metabolic dysfunction and is classified under the category of"blood turbidity"in traditional Chinese medicine.Our team termed it"acid turbidity,"and its pathogenesis is closely related to the dynamic evolution of the clear and the turbid components.With the change of modern people's diet structure,the incidence of hyperuricemia is increasing annually owing to the intake of fatty,sweet foods and alcohol.Therefore,this paper explores hyperuricemia from the"indigestion of spleen and stomach"theory.The core pathogenesis of hyperuricemia is indigestion of spleen and stomach,the inversion of clear and turbid substances,and endogenous acid turbidity.The initial manifestation of hyperuricemia is the internal retention of acid turbidity and ascending-descending disharmony;the gradual manifestation of this disease is that indigestion causes heat,and acid turbidity transforms into poison;the final manifestation of this disease is that secular indigestion causes deficiency and the inversion of clear and turbid substances.It can be summarized into three syndromes:syndromes of internal retention of dampness-turbidity,dampness-heat toxin amassment,and dampness-heat due to spleen deficiency.Therefore,this paper proposes to treat the disease according to different syndromes,with ascending the clear and descending the turbid as the core of treatment.And the therapeutic approach employs the flexible application of three methods:transportation,resolving,and transformation.For syndrome of internal retention of dampness-turbidity,treatment focuses on promoting spleen transportation to eliminate dampness;for syndrome of dampness-heat toxin amassment,the strategy is to resolve indigestion and purge heat;and for syndrome of dampness-heat due to spleen deficiency,the aim is to resolve turbidity and clear heat.By ascending the clear and descending the turbid,so that"returning the clear and the turbid to the original,"the spleen and stomach regain harmony,functions of ascending and descending are reestablished,and hyperuricemia can be effectively managed.

Objective To explore the efficacy of a compound nutrition preparation on wound healing after acute trauma and investigate the underlying mechanism primarily.Methods After skin wound model was successfully constructed on totally 60 male SD rats surgically,they were randomly divided into control group(CON group),whey protein group(WP group)and low-and high-dose nutritional formula groups(LDF and HDF groups),with 15 animals in per group.From the next day after surgery,the rats in each group were given corresponding nutritional interventions for 2 weeks.During the intervention,the wound conditions were observed and recorded,and the wound area was measured.The samples were collected on the 3rd,7th and 14th days after surgery,respectively.Serum albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA),total protein(TP),inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10),immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG and IgM)and hydroxyproline(Hyp)were detected by the corresponding reagent kits.The histopathologic changes of wound were observed with HE staining.Masson staining was used to observe the collagen fiber deposition in wound tissue.The angiogenesis of wound tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with the CON group,the wound healing speed,collagen synthesis and angiogenesis speed were significantly accelerated in the WP group,LDF group and HDF group(P＜0.05),and the effects were the most obvious in the HDF group.On the 3rd day after surgery,in the WP,LDF and HDF groups,the serum ALB,PA and TP levels were significantly increased(P＜0.05),serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were obviously decreased(P＜0.05),and serum IL-10 level was notably increased(except WP group)when compared with the CON group.The serum IgG and IgM levels were significantly increased in the LDF group and HDF group(P＜0.05)and significant increment of IgA was only observed in the HDF group(P＜0.05).On the 7th day after modeling,the levels of ALB,PA and TP were significantly increased(P＜0.05),the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were obviously decreased(P＜0.05),and the levels of IL-10 were remarkably increased(P＜0.05)in the HDF group than the CON group;The LDF group and HDF group had significantly elevated serum IgG and IgM levels(P＜0.05),but only the former group had statistically increased serum IgA level(P＜0.05).On the 14th day after modeling,the HDF group had significantly increased levels of ALB and TP(P＜0.05),decreased levels of IL-1β(P＜0.05),and raised levels of IgG and IgM when compared with the CON group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Our compound nutrition preparation promotes wound healing in rat model of acute trauma,which might be related to its improving the nutritional status,promoting collagen synthesis,and thus alleviating inflammatory response and enhancing immune function.