ObjectiveBased on a new method for animal model evaluation， this study aims to analyze the characteristics of diseases and syndromes of existing animal models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） from both traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medical perspectives and propose suggestions for improvement. MethodsA systematic search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed was conducted for literature on ADHD animal models. According to TCM and western medical diagnostic criteria， core and accompanying symptoms of the models were assigned with scores to comprehensively evaluate the clinical consistency. ResultsThe selection of experimental animals for ADHD models primarily involved rodents， with modeling methods including genetic， chemical induction， and environmental induction. The average consistency of clinical diseases and syndromes with TCM and western medicine was 45.19% and 49.42%， respectively. The spontaneously hypertensive （SHR） rats and nicotine/smoking models had the highest consistency with TCM， while the social isolation models had the highest consistency with western medicine. Most models were guided by western medicine theories， which can meet the surface validity and structural validity requirements of western medicine but lacked precise differentiation of TCM syndromes. ConclusionExisting ADHD animal models primarily focus on a single genotype or environmental factor， lacking comprehensive consideration of multigenic interactions and environmental factors. Moreover， the selection of model evaluation indicators is relatively singular， primarily focusing on "disease" indicators， while TCM "syndrome" indicators have not been fully considered. It is recommended to introduce a "formula-to-syndrome" approach in the preparation of TCM models for ADHD and establish and improve an evaluation system of animal models combining diseases and syndromes， so as to provide a solid foundation for future experimental research.

ObjectiveBased on a new method for animal model evaluation， this study aims to analyze the characteristics of diseases and syndromes of existing animal models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） from both traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medical perspectives and propose suggestions for improvement. MethodsA systematic search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and PubMed was conducted for literature on ADHD animal models. According to TCM and western medical diagnostic criteria， core and accompanying symptoms of the models were assigned with scores to comprehensively evaluate the clinical consistency. ResultsThe selection of experimental animals for ADHD models primarily involved rodents， with modeling methods including genetic， chemical induction， and environmental induction. The average consistency of clinical diseases and syndromes with TCM and western medicine was 45.19% and 49.42%， respectively. The spontaneously hypertensive （SHR） rats and nicotine/smoking models had the highest consistency with TCM， while the social isolation models had the highest consistency with western medicine. Most models were guided by western medicine theories， which can meet the surface validity and structural validity requirements of western medicine but lacked precise differentiation of TCM syndromes. ConclusionExisting ADHD animal models primarily focus on a single genotype or environmental factor， lacking comprehensive consideration of multigenic interactions and environmental factors. Moreover， the selection of model evaluation indicators is relatively singular， primarily focusing on "disease" indicators， while TCM "syndrome" indicators have not been fully considered. It is recommended to introduce a "formula-to-syndrome" approach in the preparation of TCM models for ADHD and establish and improve an evaluation system of animal models combining diseases and syndromes， so as to provide a solid foundation for future experimental research.

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the clinical characteristics and genetic underpinnings of a pediatric patient with neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxic gait, absent speech, and decreased cortical white matter (NDAGSW, OMIM#617807). The affected individual, a 1-year-9-month-old male, displayed physical development retardation and distinctive facial features, notably periorbital puffiness, upward-gazing palpebral fissures, a shortened philtrum, a tented mouth, and conical-shaped digits. Clinically, the patient presented with profound global developmental retardation, marked language deficits, hypotonia, and an ataxic gait. Subtle, non-diagnostic alterations were identified in cranial magnetic resonance imaging and visual evoked potential assessments. The trio-whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a de novo heterozygous mutation, c.202G>A (p.A68T), within the RAB11B gene, a known pathogenic variant linked to NDAGSW. Neurodevelopmental disorders due to RAB11B gene variants are rare disorders with clinical manifestations of severe mental retardation, aphasia, motor retardation, gait abnormalities with peculiar phenotypical features, structural abnormalities of the brain, and reduced cerebral white matter, cerebellar hypoplasia, and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum as seen on cranial imaging. Based on the characteristics of the disease, the heterozygous missense mutation c.202G>A (p.Ala68Thr) in the RAB11B gene was identified as the genetic etiology of the child.

Objective:To search, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for postpartum contraceptive health guidance, providing evidence-based support for clinical healthcare providers in implementing standardized contraceptive counseling and management.Methods:A systematic search was conducted across guideline repositories, professional association websites, and databases for literature related to postpartum contraception guidance, including guidelines, best practices, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, with a search timeframe from database inception to December 2023. Four researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies, extracted relevant data, and synthesized evidence from eligible literature.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 documents were included, comprising 5 guidelines, 2 clinical decision-making documents, 1 best practice document, 4 expert consensus statements, and 6 meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Totally 46 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 9 aspects, including health educators, health education recipients, assessment, planning, mode and content of health education, available contraceptive methods, evaluation index of health education, and considerations.Conclusion:This study systematically synthesizes the best available evidence on postpartum contraceptive health guidance. It emphasizes strengthening the competencies of clinical practitioners, supported by structured assessments and standardized guidance, to improve the feasibility and accessibility of contraceptive services. It further highlights the importance of ensuring the long-term sustainability of contraceptive plans and integrating digital tools to enhance the precision and coverage of guidance, ultimately reducing unintended and short-interval pregnancies and safeguarding women's reproductive health.

Oxidative stress(OS)and dopaminergic neuron(DN)dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurological disorders.As the primary active component of the traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis,baicalin has garnered significant attention due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Baicalin exhibits a particular affinity for the dopamine(DA)system,maintaining cerebral DA levels by regulating oxidative stress(OS)-related pathways,suggesting that the DA system serves as the"intracerebral target system"through which it exerts its neuroprotective effects.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a central transcription factor regulating redox homeostasis,plays a pivotal role in the anti-OS process mediated by baicalin.This systematic review covers the pharmacological effects of baicalin,providing an in-depth mechanistic analysis of the interaction between OS and DN,with a focus on the latest research progress in baicalin-mediated treatment of OS through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in neurological diseases to provide theoretical references for the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of baicalin's anti-OS modulation of the DA system for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Objective:To search, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for postpartum contraceptive health guidance, providing evidence-based support for clinical healthcare providers in implementing standardized contraceptive counseling and management.Methods:A systematic search was conducted across guideline repositories, professional association websites, and databases for literature related to postpartum contraception guidance, including guidelines, best practices, expert consensus, and systematic reviews, with a search timeframe from database inception to December 2023. Four researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies, extracted relevant data, and synthesized evidence from eligible literature.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 documents were included, comprising 5 guidelines, 2 clinical decision-making documents, 1 best practice document, 4 expert consensus statements, and 6 meta-analyses or systematic reviews. Totally 46 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 9 aspects, including health educators, health education recipients, assessment, planning, mode and content of health education, available contraceptive methods, evaluation index of health education, and considerations.Conclusion:This study systematically synthesizes the best available evidence on postpartum contraceptive health guidance. It emphasizes strengthening the competencies of clinical practitioners, supported by structured assessments and standardized guidance, to improve the feasibility and accessibility of contraceptive services. It further highlights the importance of ensuring the long-term sustainability of contraceptive plans and integrating digital tools to enhance the precision and coverage of guidance, ultimately reducing unintended and short-interval pregnancies and safeguarding women's reproductive health.

Oxidative stress(OS)and dopaminergic neuron(DN)dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various neurological disorders.As the primary active component of the traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis,baicalin has garnered significant attention due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Baicalin exhibits a particular affinity for the dopamine(DA)system,maintaining cerebral DA levels by regulating oxidative stress(OS)-related pathways,suggesting that the DA system serves as the"intracerebral target system"through which it exerts its neuroprotective effects.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),a central transcription factor regulating redox homeostasis,plays a pivotal role in the anti-OS process mediated by baicalin.This systematic review covers the pharmacological effects of baicalin,providing an in-depth mechanistic analysis of the interaction between OS and DN,with a focus on the latest research progress in baicalin-mediated treatment of OS through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in neurological diseases to provide theoretical references for the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of baicalin's anti-OS modulation of the DA system for the treatment of neurological diseases.

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the clinical characteristics and genetic underpinnings of a pediatric patient with neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxic gait, absent speech, and decreased cortical white matter (NDAGSW, OMIM#617807). The affected individual, a 1-year-9-month-old male, displayed physical development retardation and distinctive facial features, notably periorbital puffiness, upward-gazing palpebral fissures, a shortened philtrum, a tented mouth, and conical-shaped digits. Clinically, the patient presented with profound global developmental retardation, marked language deficits, hypotonia, and an ataxic gait. Subtle, non-diagnostic alterations were identified in cranial magnetic resonance imaging and visual evoked potential assessments. The trio-whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a de novo heterozygous mutation, c.202G>A (p.A68T), within the RAB11B gene, a known pathogenic variant linked to NDAGSW. Neurodevelopmental disorders due to RAB11B gene variants are rare disorders with clinical manifestations of severe mental retardation, aphasia, motor retardation, gait abnormalities with peculiar phenotypical features, structural abnormalities of the brain, and reduced cerebral white matter, cerebellar hypoplasia, and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum as seen on cranial imaging. Based on the characteristics of the disease, the heterozygous missense mutation c.202G>A (p.Ala68Thr) in the RAB11B gene was identified as the genetic etiology of the child.

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease characterized by repeated attacks and prolonged illness.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the formation of Sugen is the core pathogenesis of repeated asthma attacks.By tracing the origin of Sug-en theory,summarizing the connotation of ancient asthma Sugen theory and the innovative understanding of modern medical scholars on asthma Sugen,this paper explores the potential connection between the traditional Chinese medicine Sugen theory and the pathogenesis of modern asthma,in order to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment and research of asthma.

Objective To investigate the current status,research hotspots,and emerging trends in the field of TCM treatment for tic disorder(TD);To provide references for relevant research.Methods Literature on the TCM treatment for TD was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,Web of Science Core Collection,and PubMed databases from January 1,2000 to May 1,2022.NoteExpress 3.7.0.9296 software was used for literature management.VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was utilized to conduct co-occurrence analysis on author,institution,and keyword information.R 4.1.3 was applied to statistically analyze keyword frequency and time distributions and generate visualizations.Results A total of 1 520 articles were included in the analysis,involving 107 core authors.High-frequency keywords included experience of famous doctors,clinical observation,acupuncture,and ear acupoints.Commonly used Chinese herbal medicines included Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Bombyx Batryticatus.Frequently prescribed TCM formulae included Wendan Decoction,Changpu Yujin Decoction,Yinqiao Powder,and Tianma Gouteng Decoction.Conclusion Current research hotspots in this field focus on experience of famous doctors,the clinical efficacy of TCM interventions for TD,and molecular biological mechanism studies.Emerging research trends include external TCM treatment and comorbidity investigations.