AIM: To compare the control effect of spherical and toric orthokeratology on low-to-moderate myopia with astigmatism(-1.00--1.50 DC)in adolescents.METHODS: The clinical data of 119 cases(119 eyes)of low-to-moderate myopia with astigmatism(-1.00--1.50 DC)adolescents who were treated and fitted with orthokeratology in the ophthalmology department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into spherical group, with 65 cases(65 eyes), and toric group, with 54 cases(54 eyes)according to the type of orthokeratology. The changes of uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), axial length and corneal astigmatism before and after wearing lenses were recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect.RESULTS: The UCVA of both the groups significantly improved at 1 and 2 a after wearing lenses(all P<0.01); corneal astigmatism decreased, but there was no significant difference(all P>0.05); the axial length was longer than that before wearing lenses(P<0.01). There were no statistical significant differences in the UCVA and corneal astigmatism between the spherical group and the toric group(Fintergroup=0.829,Pintergroup=0.364; Fintergroup=0.997,Pintergroup=0.320); and there were no statistical significant differences in the axial length growth between the spherical group and the toric group after wearing lenses for 1 a(0.18±0.11 mm vs 0.17±0.14 mm), and 2 a(0.17±0.10 mm vs 0.16±0.10 mm; all P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Both orthokeratology lenses can improve the UCVA, reduce corneal astigmatism, and delay axial length growth of adolescents with low-to-moderate myopia with astigmatism(-1.00--1.50 DC), and there are no significant differences in the control effect of spherical design orthokeratology and the toric design orthokeratology on myopia.

Objective: To explore the relationship between aggression and category perception of angry expression in reform school students under social exclusion, so as to provide reference for the reform school students mental health promotion. Methods: In May 2023, 144 students were randomly selected from a reform school in Guizhou Province, and were divided into high and low aggression groups(77 and 67 students) by Aggression Questionnaire. Cyberball game was used to induce social exclusion and acceptance, subjects were divided into high aggressive exclusion group ( n =42), high aggressive acceptance group ( n =35), low aggressive exclusion group ( n =37) and low aggressive acceptance group ( n =30). All the participants completed the discrimination and identification tasks of category perception paradigm, and the relationship between aggression and category perception of angry expression of reform school students under social exclusion was analyzed by using category turning point, identification curve and analysis of variance. Results: The total score of aggression(97.34±8.00) and four dimensions (physical aggression: 29.75± 4.61, verbal aggression:17.19±2.58, anger:22.29±3.66, hostility:28.10±3.54) in the high aggression group were higher than those in the low aggression group(74.10±9.02，21.09±4.98，14.30±2.66，17.16±3.83，21.55±3.88), and the differences were statistically significant ( t =16.38, 10.85, 6.62, 8.20, 10.59, P <0.01). For identifying the turning point of the fear anger continuum, the social exclusion group（2.58±0.07）was significantly smaller than the social acceptance group（2.79±0.07）( F =4.85, η 2=0.07, P < 0.05 ）, and the social exclusion group had a tendency to shift the category boundary to the fear side. For identifying the slope at the angry happiness continuum category boundary curve, the high aggression group (0.63±0.03) was significantly higher than the low aggression group (0.53±0.03)( F =5.38, η 2=0.08, P <0.05). In the fear anger continuum,the high aggression group[(694.86± 78.29 )ms] reacted more quickly than the low aggression group[(660.70±79.86)ms]( F =5.08, η 2=0.05， P <0.05) In the angry happiness continuum, there was no statistical significance of social exclusion and aggression( P >0.05). Conclusions The suggests that social exclusion can lead to hostility attribution bias in individuals, while aggression can make individuals more sensitive to angry expression. The mechanisms by which social exclusion and aggression affect expression category perception are independent rather than interactive. The society should give tolerance and acceptance to reform school students, reduce exclusion and discrimination, and the reform education department should correct the aggressive behavior of reform school students and promote their mental health.

Objective To investigate the effect of early postoperative abnormal blood glucose on the short-term prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors related to poor early prognosis.Methods A total of 897 patients with NSCLC who underwent thoracoscopic surgery in Huadong Hospital,Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Aug 2021 were divided into hyperglycemia(HG)group(>7.8 mmol/L)and normal blood glucose(NG)group(≤7.8 mmol/L and≥3.9 mmol/L)according to the early postoperative blood glucose values.Additionally,the patients were divided into higher blood glucose fluctuation group(≥4 mmol/L)and the group with lower blood glucose fluctuation(<4 mmol/L)basing on the fasting blood glucose.Using Logistic regression models,column line charts,ROC curves and other methods,we aimed to clarify the impact of early postoperative blood glucose abnormalities on short-term prognosis,explore clinical characteristics associated with poor short-term outcomes,identify other high-risk factors,and establish relevant risk prediction models.Results Compared with the NG group,the incidence of postoperative pneumonia,thromboembolism,ICU admission rate,total length of hospital stay and hospital cost were significantly higher in the HG group(P<0.05).Higher blood glucose fluctuation group had a greater risk of ICU admission(P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,preoperative fasting glucose,white blood cell count and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1(CYFRA21-1)were risk factors for postoperative hyperglycemia(P<0.05).Contrary to the effect of BMI,diabetes,male patients,higher blood glucose fluctuation,white blood cell count and age were the risk factors for postoperative adverse events(P<0.05).The AUC of the column line chart model was 0.661(95%CI:0.624-0.698),indicating good discriminative ability for predicting poor short-term prognosis postoperatively.Calibration curves also demonstrated good consistency between predicted and actual probabilities.Conclusion Early postoperative blood glucose fluctuations independently impact the short-term prognosis of thoracoscopic NSCLC patients.Blood glucose combined with gender,BMI,white blood cell count,age and diabetes history can serve as predictive factors for poor short-term prognosis postoperatively.Additionally,a column line chart constructed based on these factors may aid clinicians in early intervention for NSCLC patients with indications.

Objective To observe the progression of intestinal fibrosis in chronic radiation intestinal injury(CRII)and study the protective mechanisms of autophagy agonist rapamycin on intestinal fibrosis in CRII.Methods Thirty C57/B6male mice were randomly divided into the control group(CO group),the radiation group(SR group)and the rapamycin intervention group(RI group).The CO group was not treated.In SR group,the CRII model(single dose of9Gy radiation)was established first,and the samples were taken after 3months.In RI group,the rats were treated with rapamycin(2mg/kg,intraperitoneal injection)for 1 week after modeling,other treat-ments were the same as that in SR group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the degree of intestinal mucosal injury and intestinal fibrosis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6).The level of intestinal α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)was detected by immunohistochemistry.The levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and autophagy-related proteins(p62 and LC3)were detected by Western blot.Results Histopathological staining showed that compared with CO group,the intestinal muco-sal damage was aggravated(P＜0.05),and the degree of intestinal fibrosis was increased in SR group(P＜0.01).Compared with SR group,the intestinal mucosal damages were relieved(P＜0.05),and the intestinal fibrosis was greatly decreased in RI group(P＜0.01).Compared with the CO group,the levels of IL-1 β and IL-6 in the SR group were significantly increased(P＜0.01),while those in the RI group significantly decreased compared with the SR group(P＜0.01).The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that the expression levels of α-SMA,TGF-β1 and CTGF in the SR group were greatly higher than those in the CO group(P＜0.05),while significantly lower in the RI group than those in the SR group(P＜0.05).The expression of autophagy indexes in SR group were lower than that in the CO group(P＜0.05),and significantly higher in the RI group than that in the SR group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Rapamycin-induced autophagy could improve the process of intestinal fibrosis in CRII,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition the differentiation and function of intestinal myofibroblasts and reduce the inflammation of intestine.

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory ef-fect of Zushima ointment on inflammation and bone destruction in CIA mice.METHODS:SPF grade male DBA/1 mice were used,6 were random-ly selected as the normal group,and 18 CIA mice that were successfully modelled were randomly di-vided into the model group,the plaster group(1.0 g/kg),and the fuselage group(0.12 g per time)ac-cording to the random number table method,6 mice in each group,and each administered group was given medication according to the body mass,and saline was given to both the normal and model groups.The normal group and the model group were given saline,and breathable adhesive paper was applied once a day for 4 h/session for 4 consec-utive weeks.The arthritis scoring index was used to observe the changes of arthritis symptoms and ar-thritis index scores of mice in each group.Micro-CT was used to observe the damage of hind paw of mice,real-time fluorescence PCR was used to de-tect the mRNA expression of IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-αin ankle joint tissues,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of OPG and RANKL proteins in ankle joint tissues,and hematox-ylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of synovial tissues after the treatment.The pathological changes of synovial tis-sue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and the changes of osteoclasts in ankle joint tissue were observed by anti-tartaric acid phosphatase(TRAP)method.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group,the arthritis index score of the model mice was significantly higher(P＜0.05).Micro-CT showed severe bone erosion in the hind paws of the mice,destruction of the bone surface and reduction of bone volume.The expression of IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA(PCR)in the ankle joint tissues was significantly higher(P＜0.05).Im-munohistochemistry showed that the relative ex-pression of OPG protein in the ankle joint tissues was reduced(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in the relative expression of OPG protein(P＜0.01)and an increase in the rela-tive expression of RANKL protein(P＜0.01).HE re-sults showed moderate inflammatory cell infiltra-tion,swelling of synovial cells,massive formation of vascular opacities and synovial hyperplasia;an increase in the number of osteoclasts,roughness of the surface of articular cartilage tissue,severe bone destruction and thinning of the cartilage lay-er.Compared with the model group,the arthritic symptoms of mice in the cream group and the futa-lin group were relieved and the arthritis index score was reduced;the bone density of the mice's hind paws improved,effectively relieving osteopo-rosis;the expression of IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-αmRNA(PCR)in the ankle joint tissue was signifi-cantly reduced(P＜0.05);the immunohistochemical results showed that the relative expression of OPG protein was increased(P＜0.05),the relative expres-sion of RANKL protein decreased(P＜0.01).HE re-sults showed that synovial cell enlargement was significantly improved,mild inflammatory cell infil-tration,synovial hyperplasia was not obvious;the number of broken bone was reduced,articular car-tilage destruction was significantly improved and relieved,and the thickness of cartilage layer was significantly increased.CONCLUSION:Ancestral hemp poultice relieves local symptoms of RA,re-duces the expression of inflammatory factors and attenuates the inflammatory response,possibly by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and activation through modulation of the OPG/RANKL signalling axis,which further ameliorates the biological ef-fects of articular bone and cartilage destruction.

Zi goose is a small local variety with high fecundity,good meat quality,roughage resist-ance,strong adaptability and excellent down quality.It is an excellent female parent for cross breeding among varieties.With the rapid development of goose industry,the variety of Zi goose has not been well protected,the variety is hybrid and degraded seriously,and the number of pure Zi goose is decreasing day by day.This paper reviewed the research progress on the breeding distribu-tion and preservation status of Zi goose and the variety characteristics of Zi goose,in order to pro-vide reference for the research,protection and utilization of germplasm resources of Zi goose and the stable development of goose industry.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ATG5 and ATG7 genes on the sensitivity of multiple myeloma(MM)cell line RPMI-8226 cells to ferroptosis.Methods:CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to knock out the autophagy key genes ATG5 and ATG7 in RPMI-8226 cells.Western blot was used to identify gene knockout cells,and detect the expression changes of autophagy-related proteins P62 and LC3B.Flow cytometry was used to detect the change of sensitivity of gene knockout cells to RSL3.The content of intracellular ferrous ions and reactive oxygen species(ROS)level in gene knockout cells were detected.Results:Western blot result confirmed that ATG5 and ATG7 genes were knocked out successfully in RPMI-8226 cells.The result of flow cytometry showed that the cell viability of RPMI-8226 cells was dose-dependent on different concentrations of RSL3(r=-0.969).RSL3(10 μmol/L)was used to induce ferroptosis in cells of control group and gene knockout groups,then the cell viability in gene knockout groups were both higher than control group after 48 hours(both P＜0.001).After knocking out the ATG5 and ATG7 genes,the content of intracellular Fe2+decreased significantly compared with control group(both P＜0.01),and the ROS level also decreased(both P＜0.001).Conclusion:Knockout of ATG5 and ATG7 genes can inhibit the ferroptosis of MM cells,and LAP pathway may be involved in the regulation.

Aim To investigate the effects of the phos-phodiesterase 8(PDE8)inhibitor PF-04957325 on learning and memory,anxiety and depression in Alzhe-imer's disease(AD)mice induced by Okadaic acid(OA),and to explore its mechanism.Methods Twenty-one 2-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were se-lected for the experiment and randomly divided into the control group,AD model group,and PDE8 inhibitor group(0.1 mg·kg-1).AD model was induced by bi-lateral hippocampal localization injection of OA(50 ng on each side)in the model and PDE8 inhibitor groups of mice.Two days after the injection of OA,PDE8 in-hibitor group was given 0.1 mg·kg-1 drug,while the AD model groups and control group were given with the same volume of vehicle for 21 consecutive days.On day 13 of inhibitor administration,behavioral tests re-lated to learning and memory abilities,anxiety and de-pressive behaviors were performed in mice.HE stai-ning was used to observe the morphology of neuronal cells in the DG,CA1,and CA3 regions of the hippo-campus of mice,and Western blot was used to detect the levels of phosphorylated Tau proteins at different sites within the hippocampus of mice as well as the ex-pression of proteins related to the PDE8/cAMP/CREB pathway.Results Compared with the control group,the Y-maze Spontaneous alternation,Recognition index of NOR and Latency of PAT were significantly shorter(P＜0.01),and Entries times、Time in the target quadrant of MWM were reduced(P＜0.05)in the AD model group,which showed a decrease in the ability of learning and memory,whereas the administration of PF-04957325 significantly improved the ability of learning and memory in the AD mice;mice in the AD model group showed a significant decrease in the num-ber of entries into the central area of the OFT and the time spent in the central area(P＜0.05),and a sig-nificant increase in the Immobility time of TST(P＜0.01),suggesting that the mice had anxiety and de-pression,and the administration of PF-04957325 did not improve the anxious behavior of the mice,but im-proved the depressed behavior to a certain extent;the hippocampus of the AD model group mice showed ker-nel solidification in the DG,CA1 and CA3 regions,and neurons were not neatly arranged,and the admin-istration of PF-04957325 could alleviate the damage of hippocampal nerve cells in mice.Compared with the control group,the phosphorylation levels of Tau protein Ser1 99,Ser396 and Ser202 sites in the hippocampus of mice in the AD model group were significantly in-creased(P＜0.01),the expression of PDE8A and PDE8B proteins was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the expression of p-PKA/PKA and BDNF proteins was decreased(P＜0.05),after administra-tion of PF-04957325,the phosphorylation levels of Tau protein Ser396 and Ser202 sites were significantly re-duced(P＜0.01),PDE8A and PDE8B protein ex-pression was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and p-PKA/PKA,p-CREB/CREB and BDNF protein ex-pression was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Con-clusion PDE8 inhibitor PF-04957325 can improve learning memory ability,reduce cognitive dysfunction,restore Tau protein function,and attenuate neuronal cell damage in the hippocampus of AD mice with amel-iorative effects.The mechanism of action may be relat-ed to the activation of PDE8/cAMP/CREB pathway and inhibition of Tau protein phosphorylation.

Objective To investigate the effects of dimethyl itaconate(DMI)on the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in dendritic cells(DCs)and on the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein(IRBP)1-20-specific T helper 17(Th17)cells in mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis(EAU).Methods Bilateral femur and tibia of C57BL/6J mice were isolated to obtain bone marrow cells,and these bone marrow cells were directionally induced with granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)and interleukin(IL)-4 to differentiate DCs.After 6 days,DCs were ran-domly divided into the DMI group and the phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)group.Cells in the DMI group were pretreated with 250 μmol·L-1 DMI,and cells in the PBS group were pretreated with the same volume of PBS for 3 hours.After-wards,100 μg·L-1 lipopolysaccharide was added in the every group to stimulate cells for 24 hours.The relative mRNA ex-pression levels of IL-6,IL-1 β,and IL-23 in DCs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The EAU model was constructed by actively immunizing mice with IRBP1-20,Freund's incomplete adjuvant,and my-cobacterium tuberculosis H37RA.Thirteen days after immunization,T cells in the spleen and lymph node isolated from EAU mice were cocultured with DMI-treatedor PBS-treated DCs in the medium containing IRBP1-20.They polarized toward Th17 cells.The percentage of Th17 cells in the cocultured cells was detected by flow cytometry.The IL-17 level in the coculture supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).qRT-PCR was performed to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t(RORγt),IL-17,IL-23R,and GM-CSF in the cocultured cells.Results qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and IL-23 in the DMI group were significantly lower thanthose in the PBS group(all P＜0.05).Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of Th17 cells in the cocultured cells in the DMI group was significantly lower than that in the PBS group(P＜0.05).ELISA analysis exhibited that the IL-17 level in the coculture supernatant in the DMI group was significantly lower than that in the PBS group(P＜0.05).The relative mRNA expression levels of IL-17,ROR-γt,IL-23R and GM-CSF in cocultured cells in the DMI group significantly decreased compared with the PBS group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion DMI can reduce the expression of IL-6,IL-1β and IL-23 in DCs,thus negatively modulating the responses of IRBP1-20-specific Th17 cells.

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.