ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic role of Staphylococcus aureus in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritus and barrier dysfunction. A key focus was screening traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active components with dual antibacterial and antipruritic efficacy, followed by systematic evaluation of their in vitro antibacterial activity. Additionally, a novel drug delivery system was constructed to enable localized efficient drug delivery, inhibiting S. aureus proliferation and alleviating its induced pruritus, thereby providing new strategies for targeted AD therapy. MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks (body weight 18-22 g) were used to establish an AD model via repeated oxazolone sensitization. On day 14, microbial samples were collected from the lesional area (1 cm²) using sterile cotton swabs, followed by vortex mixing, serial dilution, and plating on 5% sheep blood agar plates (incubated at 37°C for 24 h). Single colonies with complete transparent β-hemolytic zones were isolated and identified as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) via 16S rRNA sequencing. An S. aureus mono-infection animal model was then established by applying gauze saturated with bacterial suspension (McFarland turbidity 0.1) to the nape and back skin of mice. The pruritic phenotype and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by S. aureus were evaluated using comprehensive approaches including behavioral assays (e.g., scratching frequency recording), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and toluidine blue staining. The in vitro antibacterial efficacy of the TCM monomer pseudolaric acid B (PAB) and double network hydrogel (DN) was separately assessed by disk diffusion assay, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PAB was determined via broth dilution method. Further validation of the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the composite system (PAB@DN, composed of PAB and DN) was conducted through behavioral assays, HE staining, and dermatitis scoring, with its drug release profile evaluated by mass spectrometry analysis. Based on scratching behavioral analysis and dermatitis scoring, the optimal ratio and concentration of PAB@DN were optimized. ResultsThe S. aureus load in AD lesional tissues was significantly higher than in normal skin ((5.3±0.33)×10⁶ CFU vs. (3.6±0.26)×10⁷ CFU, P<0.001). In the S. aureus mono-infection group, mice exhibited a 6.7-fold increase in scratching frequency compared to the control group. HE staining revealed marked epidermal thickening ((10.4±2.39) μm vs. (85.6±1.95) μm, P<0.000 1), and toluidine blue staining showed a 23-fold increase in mast cell degranulation. Pseudolaric acid B exhibited a significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effect onS. aureus growth, with its in vitro antibacterial effect being 57% that of the antibiotic cefepime (inhibition zone diameter: PAB (1.885±0.036) cm vs. cefepime (3.636±0.005) cm, P<0.000 1) and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 g/L. The carrier double network hydrogel (DN) itself lacked direct antibacterial activity (no significant difference in inhibition zone diameter compared to the control) but effectively ameliorated the dry symptoms of AD-like lesions. The PAB@DN composite system demonstrated a synergistic effect compared to individual components, resulting in a 50% reduction in scratching behavior, an 86% decrease in dermatitis score, and a 60% reduction in epidermal thickening. It also reduced the S. aureus load in mouse skin by approximately 34%, with the optimal effective formulation being PAB at 1 g/L loaded onto DN. ConclusionS. aureus colonization plays a critical driving role in the onset and progression of AD. Using an S. aureus infection model, this study confirmed that the pseudolaric acidB-hydrogel composite delivery system (PAB@DN) can effectively alleviate S. aureus-induced pruritus and skin damage, providing experimental evidence for microbiota-targeted therapy of AD.

Nano/microplastics(NMPs),due to their environmental persistence and resistance to degradation,have emerged as a major contributor to global pollution.NMPs are capable of adsorbing various hazardous chemicals and heavy metals,thereby posing threats to aquatic ecosystem health,which may ultimately cause potential risks to human health.Conventional analytical methods suffered from limited resolution,insufficient chemical information,or destruction of sample,invalidating these assays for on-site detection of NMPs.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)offers distinct advantages such as high sensitivity,superior specificity,rich fingerprint information,and non-destructive analysis,thus facilitating the on-site analysis of NMPs in complex matrices.This review summarized recent advances in SERS substrates for detection of NMPs,discussed the construction and applications of SERS-based multimodal detection strategies,and introduced the research progress of SERS detection of NMPs in food safety,environmental pollution,and bioanalysis.Moreover,the main challenges and future directions of SERS-based NMP detection were outlined.

Due to the poor ionization efficiency and the weak mass spectrometry(MS)intensity of weakly polar substances,direct analysis using the traditional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)is a big challenge.In this study,a novel rapid on-site detection method of four prohibited sex hormones in cosmetics was proposed using online derivatization strategy coupled with a miniature mass spectrometer.The target substances in the samples were extracted by a custom-made polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube solid-phase microextraction(SPME)probe.The stirring speed was 200 r/min,the extraction temperature was 40℃,and the extraction time was 2 min.A pulled dual-channel θ borosilicate glass capillary emitter was used as the nano-ESI ion source.The SPME probe was inserted into the channel containing methanol in theθborosilicate glass capillary.When the spray voltage was applied,the four sex hormones were desorbed and formed spray microdroplets,which then collided with the hydroxylamine microdroplets generated from the other channel.The microdroplets of reaction product entered into the miniature mass spectrometer for direct analysis.The limits of detection(LOD)and limits of quantification(LOQ)for the four sex hormones were 10-20 ng/mL and 20-50 ng/mL,respectively.The recoveries were from 84.6%to 107.8%with the relative standard deviations(RSD)from 4.1%to 11.6%.Compared to detection without derivatization,the MS signals of the four target substances were increased by 3 to 15 times.This method was simple,rapid,highly efficient and sensitive,and suitable for on-site rapid analysis of weakly polar sex hormones in cosmetics.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To investigate whether the application of automated software for computed tomography angiography(CTA)and computed tomography perfusion imaging(CTP)can improve in-hospital workflow for endovascular treatment(EVT)in acute ischemic stroke patients.Methods We included patients with acute ischemic stroke who received CTA and CTP evaluation followed by EVT through the stroke emergency pathway at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between January 1,2020 and December 30,2022.The patients were divided into two groups:control group and artificial intelligence(Al)group based on whether automated software was used for assessment.The control group consisted of patients who underwent manual post-processing of multimodal imaging before June 2021,while the AI group was composed of patients whose imaging was processed with automated software from July 2021 onwards.The primary outcome was door-to-puncture time(DPT),and the secondary outcome was the 90-day modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score.Results A total of 312 patients were included,with 145 in the control group and 167 in the AI group.The median age of all the patients was 68 years(range:58-74 years),and 55.4％(173 patients)were male.The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at presentation was 16 scores(range:12-19 scores).The median DPT was reduced from 110 min(range:80-150 min)before the use of automated software to 95 min(range:65-125 min)after its implementation(P＜0.001).However,there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients achieving functional independence(mRS score of 0-2)between the two groups(39.3％vs.41.3％,P=0.719).Conclusion The application of multimodal CT automated software improves the in-hospital workflow for acute ischemic stroke patients by reducing the time to EVT.However,the software did not significantly impact neurological functional outcomes as measured by the mRS.

Objective The study aimedto investigate the effects and metabolic mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GQD)containing serum on hypoxia-induced glucose metabolism in L02 cells.Methods The effects of five hypoxia durations(6,12,18,24,and 48 hours)on glucose consumption and cell viability of L02 cells were examined under hypoxic conditions to determine the optimal hypoxia time.Normal hepatocytes served as the normal control group.L02 cells with hypoxia-induced reduction in glucose consumption were divided into several groups:hypoxia group,metformin 2 mmol/L group,and 25 g/kg GQD groups treated with 5%,10%,and 15%GQD contain-ing serum.Glucose consumption was used as an indicator of drug efficacy.High-resolution liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)was employed to collect metabolite signals from each group.Data were analyzed by using Progenesis QI software,and potential biomarkers were identified through online databases such as HMDB.Finally,metabolic pathways of potential biomarkers were analyzed via the Metabo Analyst 5.0 website.Results An 18 hour hypoxia period was identified as the optimal duration for the replication of the hypoxia-induced L02 cell model.GQD containing serums at 5%and 10%significantly increased glucose consumption in hypoxia-induced L02 cells after 18 hours.14 biomarkers of hypoxia-induced L02 cells were identified,with the levels of 13 biomarkers significantly increased and 1 biomarker significantly decreased.GQD containing serum notably regulated the levels of 3 biomarkers.Conclusion GQD containing serum might improve hypoxia-induced abnormal glucose metabolism in L02 cells and enhance glucose consumption by modulating glycero-phospholipid metabolism,glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis,and sphingolipid metabolism.

Objective:To analyze the development trend of medical institution bed allocation in OECD countries and provide insights for optimizing bed resources allocation in China.Methods:Data on indicators of bed allocation and related factors from 1991 to 2022 were collected from the OECD online database.Bed allocation impact dimensions were identified based on health needs and demand theories.The random effect model and correlation analysis were used to explore influencing pathways of bed allocation.Results:The number of beds per 1 000 population and average life expectancy showed a significant positive correlation in countries below the average bed level,while an inverse trend was observed in countries above the average level.The number of long-term care beds per 1000 population showed positive correlation with average life expectancy.Multidimensional factors such as the disease spectrum and bed utilization efficiency were significant correlated with the bed allocation levels.The greater the gap in inpatient and outpatient reimbursement rations,the higher the demand for hospitalization among patients with chronic disease.Conclusions:An optimal number of beds is essential for achieving higher health outcomes.The bed classification planning system should be designed to adapt to demographic changes and strengthen the medical security support system.

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of intersegmental vein-centered planning sublobectomy (VCPS) in the treatment of intersegmental early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 68 patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent VCPS in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from May to November 2023 were successively included. A group of 71 patients who underwent combined segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy (CSS) during the same period was selected as the control. Preoperative three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology was used for surgical planning in the VCPS group, with tumor resection centered around intersegmental veins during the operation. In the CSS group, combined segment or subsegment resection was performed based on preoperative 3D planning. The operative time, complications, resection margin distance, hospitalization costs, and short-term follow-up results of both groups were compared.Results:The VCPS group included 29 males (42.6%) and 39 females (57.4%), with the age of (61±11) years and the tumor diameter of (10.4±3.1) mm; the postoperative pathology types revealed adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) in 31 cases (45.6%), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) in 23 cases (33.8%), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) in 14 cases (20.6%). The CSS group included 27 males (38.0%) and 44 females (62.0%), with the age of (59± 11) years and the tumor diameter of (9.9±2.9) mm; the postoperative pathology types revealed AIS in 31 cases (43.7%), MIA in 27 cases (38.0%), and IA in 13 cases (18.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, tumor diameter and pathological type distribution between the VCPS group and CSS group (all P > 0.05). The operative time [ M ( Q1, Q3)] in the VCPS group was shorter than that in the CSS group [90 (75, 100) min vs. 150 (120, 180) min, Z = -9.83, P < 0.01]; the hospitalization cost in the VCPS group was lower than that in the CSS group [(44 969±6 929) yuan vs. (61 476±10 661) yuan, t = -10.77, P < 0.01]. There was no statistically significant difference in resection margin distance between the two groups [(18±5) mm vs. (18±5) mm, t = 0.65, P > 0.05]. Postoperative complications in the VCPS group included 2 cases of prolonged air leak and 1 case of postoperative cholecystitis, while patients in the CSS group showed 4 cases of prolonged air leak and 1 case of conversion to thoracotomy due to intraoperative bleeding. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative prolonged air leak and drainage time of both groups (all P > 0.05). No tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed in either group during 3-month follow-up after operation. Conclusions:VCPS, which centers surgical planning around intersegmental veins, provides more precise anatomical localization for intersegmental NSCLC lesions, shortens operative time, reduces surgical difficulty and costs, and decreases postoperative complications.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of fluorescence thoracoscopy-assisted temporary occlusion of pulmonary arteries and veins during sublobar resection for the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:This is a prospective cohort study. Patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent fluorescence thoracoscopy-assisted temporary occlusion of pulmonary arteries and veins for sublobar resection in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January to April 2024 were included. Based on whether the artery or vein was blocked during surgery, the patients were divided into the arterial group and the venous group. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, distance from the lesion to the resection margin, and boundary duration were collected and compared between the two groups. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test was used to compare the data between the two groups. Results:A total of 64 patients were enrolled. There were 25 males and 39 females, aged (57.3±12.1) years (range: 34 to 80 years). The tumor diameter was (9.8±2.9) mm (range: 5 to 16 mm). The distance between the surgical margin and the lesion was (16.5±3.9) mm (range: 10 to 30 mm) and the surgical time was (61.5±13.9) minutes (range: 30 to 120 minutes). Pathological examination of the surgical specimens showed that all margins met pathological requirements. The chest drainage tube retention time ( M(IQR)) was 2 (1) days (range: 1 to 7 days), and no serious postoperative complications occurred. The boundary duration for the arterial group ( n=23) and venous group ( n=41) was (147.9±22.2) seconds (range: 119 to 188 seconds) and (40.9±8.0) seconds (range: 20 to 60 seconds), respectively ( t=27.935, P<0.01). Conclusion:Fluorescence thoracoscopy-assisted temporary occlusion of pulmonary arteries and veins can effectively and accurately delineate surgical resection boundaries, ensuring sufficient margin width to meet oncological requirements.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of radical resection and perioperative management strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with major vascular invasion and tumor thrombus.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. From January 2010 to December 2022,clinicopathological data of 387 HCC patients who underwent liver resection at the Hepatobiliary Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. In the cohort,there were 326 males (84.2%) and 61 females (15.8%),with an age ( M(IQR)) of 54(16) years (range: 16 to 82 years). One hundred and nineteen patients (30.7%) had macrovascular invasion without thrombus and 268 patients(69.3%) had macrovascular thrombus. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies (percentages). Survival rates were calculated using life-table analysis,and Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to depict overall survival(OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Independent prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results:Among 387 patients,R0 resection was achieved in 359 cases (92.8%),with R1 or R2 resection in 28 cases (7.2%). Excluding in-hospital deaths,the 354 R0-resected patients had a median OS of 19.8 months, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 63.3%, 35.1%, and 22.4%, respectively; median RFS was 5.6 months,and 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS was 34.0%,18.0%,and 14.4%, respectively. Patients receiving preoperative therapy showed a median OS of 26.0 months,1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 75.5%, 48.4%, and 32.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the OS of patients with or without preoperative therapy ( P>0.05). The median OS time of patients who received postoperative adjuvant therapy was 53.0 months, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 87.9%, 59.2%, and 34.8%, respectively. The median OS time of patients who did not receive postoperative adjuvant therapy was 13.7 months, and 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 56.7%, 31.7%, and 22.4%, respectively ( P<0.01). The median RFS of patients who received postoperative adjuvant therapy was 11.6 months, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates were 49.6%, 29.8%, and 26.8%, respectively. The median RFS of patients who did not receive postoperative adjuvant therapy was 4.2 months, and the 1-,3-,and 5-year RFS rates were 29.2%, 16.1%, and 12.5%, respectively ( P<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified that maximum tumor diameter,postoperative adjuvant therapy,and treatment after recurrence were the independent predictors of the OS of patients with major vascular invasion and tumor thrombus (all P<0.05),while age,surgical approach,and postoperative adjuvant therapy independently influenced the RFS of patients with major vascular invasion and tumor thrombus(all P<0.05). Conclusions:HCC patients with vascular invasion/thrombus could benefit from surgery-based multimodal therapy after careful evaluation. Postoperative adjuvant therapy significantly reduces recurrence and prolongs patients′ survival.