To effectively carry out community health education and prevention and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),we conducted a questionnaire survey on the awareness of COPD knowledge among residents aged 40 and above in Jiading District of Shanghai by using two-stage sampling method.We included 1 783 permanent residents in 4 districts and collected 1 666 valid questionnaires.The awareness rates of COPD name,pulmonary function test and related knowledge were 15.9%,11.9%and 17.2%,respectively.For the main symptoms of COPD,the awareness rate of sputum was the lowest(65.2%),of shortness of breath and dyspnea was the highest(78.4%).For the risk factors,the awareness rate of severe respiratory tract infection in childhood was the lowest(67.3%),of smoking was the highest(86.8%).Multiple response analysis showed that mobile phones and computers accounted for the highest proportion of acquiring knowledge of COPD(66.7%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level,low monthly income,engaged in production and manufacturing,never or less exercise,no use of indoor air improvement measures,no wearing of masks in public places and no vaccination of influenza vaccine per year were associated with lower awareness rate of COPD.The community should improve the way and ability of health science popularization,and carry out health education for key groups.

Objective:Based on the background of high-quality development,we analyze the operational efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)hospitals in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2021 and explore the impact of external environmental factors on operational efficiency,so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of TCM hospitals in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Methods:The three-stage DEA model was used to analyze the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone in China in 2021.Results:After three-stage DEA analysis,the values of comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of TCM hospitals in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt are 0.976,0.986 and 0.990,respectively.5 provinces and cities,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Hunan,Chongqing and Guizhou,are efficient before and after the adjustment,and the comprehensive efficiency of Zhejiang,Anhui,Hubei,Jiangxi,Sichuan and Yunnan have increased compared with that before the adjustment.Ranking of the average value of the comprehensive efficiency of TCM hospitals operation in the three major city clusters of the Yangtze River Economic Belt after adjustment:Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster(0.998)>city cluster in the Yangtze River Delta(0.964)>city cluster in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(0.962).Conclusion:The operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in the Yangtze River Economic Zone has been underestimated,and the comprehensive efficiency is mainly affected by scale efficiency;there are differences in the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in the three major urban agglomerations,and balanced development is needed between regions;the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals is affected by the external environment,and it is necessary to improve the external environment;it is necessary to strengthen the construction of digital and informatization of TCM,and to pay attention to the role of talents in TCM,so as to promote the high-quality development of TCM hospitals.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of transcranial ultrasound stimulation combined with low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the treatment of cognitive and motor function deficits in stroke patients.Methods:Ninety patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the rehabilitation department from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected and divided into control group( n=44)and observation group( n=46)randomly.The control group received conventional rehabilitation methods and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group received transcranial ultrasound treatment in addition.Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment (SFMA), modified Barthel index (MBI) and Brunnstrom movement therapy phase were used to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and motor rehabilitation treatment for all stroke patients.The data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS 26.0 software. Results:After treatment, the scores of MMSE (observation group: 26.12±2.24, control group: 23.08±1.56), SFMA(observation group: 24.83±9.02, control group: 17.24±9.51), and MBI(observation group: 68.00±7.03, control group: 49.66±7.98) of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(MMSE(observation group: 21.32±2.11, control group: 21.56±1.96), SFMA(observation group: 10.43±8.05, control group: 10.56±7.63), MBI (observation group: 32.34±7.65, control group: 32.00±9.73)), and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-18.13--2.31, all P<0.05).The scores of MMSE, SFMA, and MBI in observation group were all higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences( t=-4.45, -4.51, -5.59, all P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group had more patients with Brunstrom stage Ⅳ or above in the affected upper limb ( Z=-6.236, P=0.045) and lower limb ( Z=-6.589, P=0.036) compared to the control group. There were more patients in both two groups with grade Ⅳ or above in the affected lower limb than in the affected upper limb ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of transcranial ultrasound stimulation therapy and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy can significantly improve cognitive and motor dysfunction in stroke patients. It can be used for the rehabilitation treatment of cognitive and motor dysfunction in stroke patients.

To effectively carry out community health education and prevention and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),we conducted a questionnaire survey on the awareness of COPD knowledge among residents aged 40 and above in Jiading District of Shanghai by using two-stage sampling method.We included 1 783 permanent residents in 4 districts and collected 1 666 valid questionnaires.The awareness rates of COPD name,pulmonary function test and related knowledge were 15.9%,11.9%and 17.2%,respectively.For the main symptoms of COPD,the awareness rate of sputum was the lowest(65.2%),of shortness of breath and dyspnea was the highest(78.4%).For the risk factors,the awareness rate of severe respiratory tract infection in childhood was the lowest(67.3%),of smoking was the highest(86.8%).Multiple response analysis showed that mobile phones and computers accounted for the highest proportion of acquiring knowledge of COPD(66.7%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level,low monthly income,engaged in production and manufacturing,never or less exercise,no use of indoor air improvement measures,no wearing of masks in public places and no vaccination of influenza vaccine per year were associated with lower awareness rate of COPD.The community should improve the way and ability of health science popularization,and carry out health education for key groups.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of transcranial ultrasound stimulation combined with low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the treatment of cognitive and motor function deficits in stroke patients.Methods:Ninety patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the rehabilitation department from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected and divided into control group( n=44)and observation group( n=46)randomly.The control group received conventional rehabilitation methods and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group received transcranial ultrasound treatment in addition.Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment (SFMA), modified Barthel index (MBI) and Brunnstrom movement therapy phase were used to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and motor rehabilitation treatment for all stroke patients.The data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS 26.0 software. Results:After treatment, the scores of MMSE (observation group: 26.12±2.24, control group: 23.08±1.56), SFMA(observation group: 24.83±9.02, control group: 17.24±9.51), and MBI(observation group: 68.00±7.03, control group: 49.66±7.98) of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(MMSE(observation group: 21.32±2.11, control group: 21.56±1.96), SFMA(observation group: 10.43±8.05, control group: 10.56±7.63), MBI (observation group: 32.34±7.65, control group: 32.00±9.73)), and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-18.13--2.31, all P<0.05).The scores of MMSE, SFMA, and MBI in observation group were all higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences( t=-4.45, -4.51, -5.59, all P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group had more patients with Brunstrom stage Ⅳ or above in the affected upper limb ( Z=-6.236, P=0.045) and lower limb ( Z=-6.589, P=0.036) compared to the control group. There were more patients in both two groups with grade Ⅳ or above in the affected lower limb than in the affected upper limb ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of transcranial ultrasound stimulation therapy and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy can significantly improve cognitive and motor dysfunction in stroke patients. It can be used for the rehabilitation treatment of cognitive and motor dysfunction in stroke patients.

Aim To explore the key components and mechanisms of Lizhong decoction in treating rats with cold-damp diarrhea based on network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and animal experiments.Methods By literature review and database collec-tion,the components of Lizhong decoction,therapeutic targets,and the mapping with diarrhea disease targets were conducted to construct an intersection target pro-tein-protein interaction network for screening core tar-gets,and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to build an"active component-target-pathway"network,followed by molecular docking vali-dation.Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the normal control group(K),model group(DG),Lizhong decoction group(LZDG),and Pulsatilla decoction group(BTDG).Subsequently,a rat cold-damp diar-rhea model was established using Senna combined with low-temperature high-humidity environment,and the rats were intervened with Lizhong decoction and Pul-satilla decoction.HE staining was used to detect path-ological changes in intestinal tissue,ELISA was em-ployed to measure the levels of peripheral blood IL-6,IL-10,IL-1 β,and TNF-α,and western blot was used to determine the expression of colon tight junction pro-teins.Results Network pharmacology initially identi-fied 125 compounds in Lizhong decoction,5 186 drug target components,438 disease targets,and 60"drug-disease"shared targets.GO and KEGG enrichment a-nalysis showed that signaling pathways such as IL-17 and TNF were highly enriched.Molecular docking in-dicated that the core components of the drug had good binding activity with corresponding key targets.Liz-hong decoction could effectively improve the clinical symptoms of rats with cold-damp diarrhea,and com-pared with the DG group,the diarrhea rate,diarrhea in-dex,and other related indicators also gradually de-creased to normal levels.Compared with the DG group,the LZDG group showed reduced inflammation levels and a recovery in energy metabolism levels.Conclusion It can regulate targets such as MMP9 and IL-17 signaling pathways through multi-components like Calycosin and formononetin to exert its therapeutic effect on cold-damp diarrhea.

Objective:To investigate lymph node metastasis(LNM)in the prostatic anterior fat pad(PAFP)of PCa patients after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP),and analyze the clinicopathological features and prognosis of LNM in the PAFP.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data on 1 003 cases of PCa treated by RARP in the Department of Urolo-gy of PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022.All the patients underwent routine removal of the PAFP during RARP and pathological examination,with the results of all the specimens examined and reported by pathologists.Based on the pres-ence and locations of LNM,we grouped the patients for statistical analysis,compared the clinicopathological features between different groups using the Student's t,Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests,and conducted survival analyses using the Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank methods and survival curves generated by Rstudio.Results:Lymph nodes were detected in 77(7.7％)of the 1 003 PAFP samples,and LNM in 11(14.3％)of the 77 cases,with a positive rate of 1.1％(11/1 003).Of the 11 positive cases,9 were found in the upgraded pathological N stage,and the other 2 complicated by pelvic LNM.The patients with postoperative pathological stage≥T3 constituted a significantly higher proportion in the PAFP LNM than in the non-PAFP LNM group(81.8％[9/11]vs 36.2％[359/992],P=0.005),and so did the cases with Gleason score ≥8(87.5％[7/8]vs 35.5％[279/786],P=0.009).No statisti-cally significant differences were observed in the clinicopathological features and biochemical recurrence-free survival between the pa-tients with PAFP LNM only and those with pelvic LNM only.Conclusion:The PAFP is a potential route to LNM,and patients with LNM in the PAFP are characterized by poor pathological features.There is no statistically significant difference in biochemical recur-rence-free survival between the patients with PAFP LNM only and those with pelvic LNM only.Routine removal of the PAFP and inde-pendent pathological examination of the specimen during RARP is of great clinical significance.

Objective:Based on the background of high-quality development,we analyze the operational efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)hospitals in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2021 and explore the impact of external environmental factors on operational efficiency,so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of TCM hospitals in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Methods:The three-stage DEA model was used to analyze the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone in China in 2021.Results:After three-stage DEA analysis,the values of comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of TCM hospitals in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt are 0.976,0.986 and 0.990,respectively.5 provinces and cities,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Hunan,Chongqing and Guizhou,are efficient before and after the adjustment,and the comprehensive efficiency of Zhejiang,Anhui,Hubei,Jiangxi,Sichuan and Yunnan have increased compared with that before the adjustment.Ranking of the average value of the comprehensive efficiency of TCM hospitals operation in the three major city clusters of the Yangtze River Economic Belt after adjustment:Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster(0.998)>city cluster in the Yangtze River Delta(0.964)>city cluster in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(0.962).Conclusion:The operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in the Yangtze River Economic Zone has been underestimated,and the comprehensive efficiency is mainly affected by scale efficiency;there are differences in the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in the three major urban agglomerations,and balanced development is needed between regions;the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals is affected by the external environment,and it is necessary to improve the external environment;it is necessary to strengthen the construction of digital and informatization of TCM,and to pay attention to the role of talents in TCM,so as to promote the high-quality development of TCM hospitals.

The therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction is closely related to its decocting methods. A correct understanding of the scientific connotations of decocting methods in TCM is of great significance for guiding the application of decoctions and the development of modern TCM preparations based on decoctions. The decocting process is not only a hot water extraction process of chemical components but also accompanied by complex chemical and physical changes, forming a complex multiphase system and significantly affecting the absorption and therapeutic effect of TCM. This article reviews the research progress in scientific connotations of decocting methods in TCM from the perspectives of chemical composition changes, phase state differences,absorption behavior changes, and pharmacological and toxicological changes caused by decocting. This review is expected to provide implications for studying decocting methods and their scientific interpretation, boost the innovation and development of TCM decoctions,and promote the design and development of modern TCM preparations.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Animals