OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of different glucose metabolism statues with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals in Lanzhou. METHODS: Based on the baseline data of REACTION Study in Lanzhou area, we randomly sampled 10 038 residents aged 40-75 years in 3 communities in Lanzhou, who were classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and diabetes groups. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were used to assess the renal function and albuminuria, respectively. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the contribution of the risk factors to CKD. Polynominal regression was used to determine the trends of eGFR with the increment of ACR. RESULTS: Among all the participants, the prevalences of albuminuria, CKD and renal insufficiency (RI) were 26.2%, 27.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The prevalence of albuminuria, CKD and RI were significantly higher in the diabetes group than in IGR and NGT groups ( CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for albuminuria and RI, while IGR is not. Screening for albuminuria and eGFR is highly recommended for individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, especially in women and the elderly population.
Adult ; Aged ; Albuminuria/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology* ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated physical activity (PA) participation based on demographic, physical, and psychological variables in Korean adults.METHODS: Participants were divided into four groups (combined, aerobic only, resistance only, and neither) based on meeting the PA guidelines using moderate and vigorous PA time and resistance exercise frequency from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017. The association between meeting the PA guidelines and demographic, medical, fitness, lifestyle, and psychological variables were analyzed using complex samples crosstabs and a general linear model.RESULTS: Of the 5,820 Korean adults, 66.0% did not meet any of the guidelines. Among demographic factors, sex, age, marital status, income, education level, occupation, and employment status were associated with meeting the PA guidelines. Chronic disease prevalence, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, hand-grip strength, resting heart rate, and family history of chronic disease in the medical and fitness variables; frequency of drinking and eating breakfast, total calorie, water, protein, and fat intake in the lifestyle variables; and perceived stress, depression, suicidal thoughts, and quality of life in the psychological variables were associated with meeting PA guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: Most Korean adults participate in insufficient PA. Moreover, individuals who are socially underprivileged, have low-income or poor physical and mental health conditions participated in relatively less PA. Our findings suggest that government and individual efforts are required to increase PA and resolve health inequality in Korean adults.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Breakfast ; Chronic Disease ; Demography ; Depression ; Drinking ; Eating ; Education ; Employment ; Glucose ; Health Equity ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Linear Models ; Lipoproteins ; Marital Status ; Mental Health ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference ; Water

BACKGROUND: In the present multi-institutional study, the prevalence and clinicopathologic characteristics of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) were evaluated among Korean patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).METHODS: Data from 18,819 patients with PTC from eight university hospitals between January 2012 and February 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Pathology reports of all PTCs and slides of potential NIFTP cases were reviewed. The strict criterion of no papillae was applied for the diagnosis of NIFTP. Due to assumptions regarding misclassification of NIFTP as non-PTC tumors, the lower boundary of NIFTP prevalence among PTCs was estimated. Mutational analysis for BRAF and three RAS isoforms was performed in 27 randomly selected NIFTP cases.RESULTS: The prevalence of NIFTP was 1.3% (238/18,819) of all PTCs when the same histologic criteria were applied for NIFTP regardless of the tumor size but decreased to 0.8% (152/18,819) when tumors ≥1 cm in size were included. The mean follow-up was 37.7 months and no patient with NIFTP had evidence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or disease recurrence during the follow-up period. A difference in prevalence of NIFTP before and after NIFTP introduction was not observed. BRAF(V600E) mutation was not found in NIFTP. The mutation rate for the three RAS genes was 55.6% (15/27).CONCLUSIONS: The low prevalence and indolent clinical outcome of NIFTP in Korea was confirmed using the largest number of cases to date. The introduction of NIFTP may have a small overall impact in Korean practice.
Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, ras ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Mutation Rate ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Prevalence ; Protein Isoforms ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy

PURPOSE: This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of peri-implant disease after at least 7 years of dental implant loading.METHODS: A total of 111 patients with 218 dental implants were treated. The follow-up period for all implants was at least 7 years. The patients' dental records were collected and risk factors of peri-implant disease were investigated through logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: The overall implant survival rate was 95.87%, because 9 of the 218 implants failed. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was 39.7% and 16.7%, respectively. As risk factors, smoking and prosthetic splinting showed significant associations with peri-implantitis (P&0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, no significant correlations were found between any risk factors and peri-implant mucositis, but a significantly elevated risk of peri-implantitis was observed in patients who smoked or had splinted prostheses in 2 or more implants.
Dental Implants ; Dental Records ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mucositis ; Peri-Implantitis ; Prevalence ; Prostheses and Implants ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Splints ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether impaired pulmonary function serves as a risk factor for decreased renal function. This study investigated the association between the forced vital capacity (FVC) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and elderly men.METHODS: We investigated the association between FVC and CKD in 412 Korean men aged ≥50 years, without diabetes, who have not received treatment for chronic lung disease. CKD was defined based on evidence of renal tissue damage or reduced renal function indicated by estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or proteinuria level ≥1+. We assessed the association between FVC and CKD using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounders.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CKD was 29.2% in the study population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval for CKD was 0.96 (0.92–0.99) with a 1% increment in FVC after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, as well as antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic medications.CONCLUSION: We observed that FVC was independently and inversely associated with CKD. This finding suggests that careful monitoring of renal function is necessary to evaluate possible kidney dysfunction in patients with decreased FVC.
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Fasting ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney ; Logistic Models ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Vital Capacity

BACKGROUND: Albuminuria is an indicator of renal impairment in patients with diabetes or hypertension. Studies on the effect of sleep duration on albuminuria in hypertension patients are limited. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sleep duration and albuminuria in Korean hypertension patients.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data on hypertensive patients were obtained from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2012). Participants were classified into five groups according to self-reported sleep duration. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between sleep duration and albuminuria.RESULTS: When the sleep duration was shorter than 5 hours or longer than 9 hours, the odds ratio (OR) for albuminuria was significantly higher. After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, depressive symptom, stress status, smoking status, drinking habit, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and body mass index, ORs (95% confidence interval) for sleep durations of ≤5 hours and ≥9 hours were 1.69 (1.14–2.51) and 2.00 (1.22–3.26), respectively.CONCLUSION: This study showed that a sleep duration of ≤5 hours or ≥9 hours was associated with the high prevalence of albuminuria in Korean hypertension patients.
Albuminuria ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Drinking ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple, noninvasive clinical test that is useful in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The borderline ABI value is 0.91–0.99 and has also been reported in endothelial dysfunction and preclinical PAD. We investigated the relationship between resting heart rate as a surrogate marker of autonomic balance and borderline ABI in apparently healthy individuals.METHODS: We evaluated the association between resting heart rate and borderline ABI in 618 participants (348 male and 270 female) in a health examination program. The odds ratios for borderline ABI were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding variables across heart rate quartiles (Q1≤56, Q2=57–62, Q3=63–68, and Q4≥69 beats/min).RESULTS: The overall prevalence of borderline ABI was 13.9%. The age- and sex-adjusted resting heart rate was significantly higher in the borderline ABI group than in the control group (66.9±0.9 vs. 63.0±0.4 beats/min, P < 0.001). The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the borderline ABI in each heart rate quartile were 1.00, 1.04 (0.43–2.52), 1.69 (0.73–3.93), and 3.52 (1.55–7.97) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein level, uric acid level, γ-glutamyltransferase level, hypertension medication, diabetes medication, and dyslipidemia medication.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that a higher resting heart rate is independently associated with borderline ABI.
Ankle Brachial Index ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Fasting ; Heart Rate ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Leukocyte Count ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in nonobese nonobese young type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients without micro- or macrovascular complications. METHODS: CAN was assessed in 95 patients with T1DM, aged 18–29 years, using standard cardiovascular reflex tests – heart rate response to deep breathing, standing, and the Valsalva maneuver and blood pressure response to standing. Furthermore, power spectral analyses of overall heart rate variability (HRV), standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), and total power (TP) were tested with DiCAN. CAN was defined as abnormal results for at least 1 of the 4 cardiovascular reflex tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of CAN was 12.6%. The frequency of one and 2 abnormal reflex tests was 10.5% and 2.1%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, mean hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) level, and duration of diabetes with respect to presence of CAN. Patients with CAN exhibited lower overall HRV parameters (SDNN and TP) compared with those without CAN even though there was no statistical significance. In multivariable analyses, higher mean HbA(1c) level was significantly associated with lower overall HRV (β=-44.42, P=0.002 for SDNN and β=-2.82, P<0.001 for TP). CONCLUSION: CAN can be detected in 12.6% of young adult T1DM patients even without other micro- or macrovascular complications. Glycemic control is the main determinant to maintain overall HRV and prevent CAN.
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Reflex ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Respiration ; Risk Factors ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study presents the 2016 nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including cancer incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and followed until December 31, 2017. Mortality data from 1983 to 2016 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The prevalence was defined as the number of cancer patients alive on January 1, 2017 among all cancer patients diagnosed since 1999. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, and prevalence and 5-year relative survivals were also calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 229,180 and 78,194 Koreans were newly diagnosed and died from cancer in 2016, respectively. The ASRs for cancer incidence and mortality in 2016 were 269.0 and 79.8 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The all-cancer incidence rate increased significantly by 3.6% annually from 1999 to 2011 and started to decrease after 2011 (2011-2016; annual percent change, –3.1%). However, overall cancer mortality has decreased 2.7% annually since 2002. The 5-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with cancer between 2012 and 2016 was 70.6%, an improvement from the 41.2% for patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1995. CONCLUSION: The cancer prevalence in Korea has increased very fast as survival has improved remarkably. The high prevalence of cancer emphasizes the need for comprehensive cancer control efforts in Korea.
Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Survival Rate

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of conditions that have a negative impact on human health overall. Its prevalence has been rapidly increasing worldwide and has coincided with a global decrease in birth rates and fertility potential. This review aims to address this observation through studying the relationship between MetS and male reproductive health. The effects of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance on male fertility were examined and supporting evidence explaining the pathophysiology of sperm dysfunction with each MetS component were described. Adopting a healthy lifestyle appears to be the single most important intervention to prevent the unwanted effects of MetS on men's health and fertility. Further studies addressing the components of MetS and their impact on male reproduction are required to enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and to propose new methods for therapeutic intervention.
Birth Rate ; Dyslipidemias ; Fertility ; Glucose Intolerance ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infertility, Male ; Insulin Resistance ; Life Style ; Male ; Men's Health ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Spermatozoa