AIM To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,oxypaeoniflorin,catechin,epicatechin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,rutin,calycosin-7-glucoside,syringaldehyde,ferulic acid,coumarin,ononin,calycosin,cinnamic alcohol,cinnamic acid,benzoylpaeoniflorin,cinnamaldehyde,astragaloside,astragaloside Ⅲ,6-gingerol in Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD column(150 mmx4.6 mm,3 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.015％formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electrospray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion modes with multiple reaction monitoring.RESULTS Twenty-one constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.990 5),whose average recoveries were 93.99％-108.52％with the RSDs of 1.04％-5.97％.CONCLUSION This simple,feasible,stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction.

AIM To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,oxypaeoniflorin,catechin,epicatechin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,rutin,calycosin-7-glucoside,syringaldehyde,ferulic acid,coumarin,ononin,calycosin,cinnamic alcohol,cinnamic acid,benzoylpaeoniflorin,cinnamaldehyde,astragaloside,astragaloside Ⅲ,6-gingerol in Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD column(150 mmx4.6 mm,3 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.015％formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electrospray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion modes with multiple reaction monitoring.RESULTS Twenty-one constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.990 5),whose average recoveries were 93.99％-108.52％with the RSDs of 1.04％-5.97％.CONCLUSION This simple,feasible,stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction.

AIM To investigate the clinical effects of Xiaopi Decoction on patients with chronic atrophic gastritis of Spleen-Stomach Weakness Pattern.METHODS Ninety-seven patients were randomly assigned into control group ( 48 cases ) for 4-week intervention of conventional treatment,Mosapride Citrate Tablets and Pancreatin Enteric-coated Tablets,and observation group ( 49 cases ) for 4-week intervention of both Xiaopi Decoction and conventional treatment.The changes in clinical effects,brain-intestinal peptide indices ( CGRP,5-HT,SP,NPY),Hp negative conversion rate,gastric juice components (free acid,pepsin,nitrite,total acid),gastrointestinal hormones ( GAS,MLT,SS),gastric mucosa pathological scores and incidence of adverse reactions were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group (P<0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed increased brain-intestinal peptide indices,NPY,SS,free acid,pepsin,total acid ( P<0.05 ),and decreased MLT,nitrite,.scores for mucosal inflammation and mucosal atrophy ( P<0.05),especially for the observation group ( P<0.05).No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions was found between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with chronic atrophic gastritis of Spleen-Stomach Weakness Pattern,Xiaopi Decoction can safely and effectively reduce the inflammation and atrophy of gastric mucosa,and improve gastric juice components and gastrointestinal hormones,whose mechanism may contribute to the regulation of brain-intestinal axis.

AIM To investigate the clinical effects of Xiaopi Decoction on patients with chronic atrophic gastritis of Spleen-Stomach Weakness Pattern.METHODS Ninety-seven patients were randomly assigned into control group ( 48 cases ) for 4-week intervention of conventional treatment,Mosapride Citrate Tablets and Pancreatin Enteric-coated Tablets,and observation group ( 49 cases ) for 4-week intervention of both Xiaopi Decoction and conventional treatment.The changes in clinical effects,brain-intestinal peptide indices ( CGRP,5-HT,SP,NPY),Hp negative conversion rate,gastric juice components (free acid,pepsin,nitrite,total acid),gastrointestinal hormones ( GAS,MLT,SS),gastric mucosa pathological scores and incidence of adverse reactions were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group (P<0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed increased brain-intestinal peptide indices,NPY,SS,free acid,pepsin,total acid ( P<0.05 ),and decreased MLT,nitrite,.scores for mucosal inflammation and mucosal atrophy ( P<0.05),especially for the observation group ( P<0.05).No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions was found between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with chronic atrophic gastritis of Spleen-Stomach Weakness Pattern,Xiaopi Decoction can safely and effectively reduce the inflammation and atrophy of gastric mucosa,and improve gastric juice components and gastrointestinal hormones,whose mechanism may contribute to the regulation of brain-intestinal axis.

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

Humans ; Consensus ; Hypersensitivity ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Allergens

OBJECTIVES: To study new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by analyzing the differences in blood metabolites based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and metabolomics. METHODS: Dried blood spots were collected from 21 infants with ROP (ROP group) and 21 infants without ROP (non-ROP group) who were hospitalized in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2013 to December 2016. LC-MS/MS was used to measure the metabolites, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis was used to search for differentially expressed metabolites and biomarkers. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in blood metabolic profiles between the ROP and non-ROP groups. The pattern recognition analysis, Score-plot, and weight analysis obtained 10 amino acids with a relatively large difference. Further statistical analysis showed that the ROP group had significant increases in blood levels of glutamic acid, leucine, aspartic acid, ornithine, and glycine compared with the non-ROP group (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that glutamic acid and ornithine had the highest value in diagnosing ROP. CONCLUSIONS Blood metabolites in preterm infants with ROP are different from those without ROP. Glutamic acid and ornithine are the metabolic markers for diagnosing ROP. LC-MS/MS combined with metabolomics analysis has a potential application value in the early identification and diagnosis of ROP.
Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Humans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Infant, Premature ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis* ; Glutamic Acid ; Ornithine

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) relating to malaria control among overseas enterprise employees. Methods In September 2019, on-site malaria control health education was conducted among all Chinese employees of a China-funded mining enterprise in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The KAP questionnaire for malaria control was generated on the Questionstar website, and the participants were subjected to two questionnaire surveys prior to and 14 months after health education. After the questionnaires were recovered, all valid questionnaires were divided into 4 groups, including the baseline group (the questionnaires filled out by respondents who received health education and participated in two questionnaire surveys before health education), the loss-to-follow-up group (the questionnaires filled out by respondents who received health education but only participated in the questionnaire survey after health education), the retest group (the questionnaires filled out by respondents who received health education and participated in two questionnaire surveys after health education) and the new group (questionnaires filled out by respondents who did not receive health education and only participated in the questionnaire survey after health education) according to subjects’ receiving health education and participation in two questionnaire surveys. The correct rate of malaria control knowledge, the proportion to good attitudes towards malaria control and the proportion of good practices towards malaria control were compared between the baseline group and the loss-to-follow-up group, between the baseline group and the retest group, and between the retest group and the new group. Results A total of 110 and 142 valid questionnaires were recovered during the two surveys, and the recovery rates were 90.9% and 70.3%, respectively. There were 77, 77, 33, and 65 valid questionnaires recovered from the baseline group, the loss-to-follow-up group, the retest group, and the new group, respectively. There were no significant differences in respondents’ gender, age and educational levels between the baseline group and the loss-to-follow-up group (all P values > 0.05), and there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the mean score of malaria control knowledge (Z = 2.011, P > 0.05), the mean score of attitudes towards malaria control (t = −0.787, P > 0.05) and the mean score of practices towards malaria control (t = −0.787, P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the retest group and the baseline group in terms of the mean score of malaria control knowledge (10.83 vs. 9.79; Z = −4.017, P < 0.05), the mean score of attitudes towards malaria control (29.48 vs. 28.61; Z = −1.981, P < 0.05) and the mean score of practices towards malaria control (6.43 vs. 5.91; Z = −2.499, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the retest group and the new group in terms of gender, age or education levels (all P values > 0.05), and a higher mean score of malaria control knowledge was found in the retest group than in the new group (10.83 vs. 9.81; Z = −2.962, P < 0.05), while no significant differences were seen in the mean score of attitudes towards malaria control (29.48 vs. 30.17; Z = −1.158, P > 0.05) and the mean score of practices towards malaria control (6.43 vs. 6.37; Z = −0.048, P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion Malaria control health education may significantly improve the understanding of malaria control knowledge, positive attitudes towards malaria control and the compliance of practices towards malaria control among overseas enterprise employees.

The present study investigated the mechanism of the Tibetan patent medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu Pills(ESP) in alleviating Alzheimer's disease in mice via Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β signaling pathway. BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into a blank control group, a model group, low(200 mg·kg~(-1)), medium(400 mg·kg~(-1)) and high(800 mg·kg~(-1)) dose groups of ESP, and donepezil hydrochloride group. Except the blank control group, the other groups were given 20 mg·kg~(-1) aluminum chloride by gavage and 120 mg·kg~(-1) D-galactose by intraperitoneal injection for 56 days to establish Alzheimer's disease model. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice. The level of p-tau protein in mouse hippocampus and the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase(CAT), and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in hippocampus and serum were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were performed for the pathological observation of whole brain in mice. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) staining was employed for the observation of apoptosis in mouse cortex. Western blot was adopted to detect the protein levels of p-mTOR, p-Akt, and GSK-3β in the hippocampus. Compared with the model group, the ESP groups showcased alleviated pathological damage of the whole brain, decreased TUNEL positive cells, reduced level of p-tau protein in hippocampus, and risen SOD, CAT, and T-AOC levels and declined MDA level in hippocampus and serum. Furthermore, the ESP groups had up-regulated protein levels of p-mTOR and p-Akt while down-regulated protein level of GSK-3β in hippocampus. Therefore, ESP can alleviate the learning and memory decline and oxidative damage in mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by D-galactose combined with aluminum chloride, which may be related to Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
Aluminum Chloride/adverse effects* ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Galactose/metabolism* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plant Extracts ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; tau Proteins

BACKGROUND: Delivery room resuscitation assists preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), in breathing support, while it potentially exerts a negative impact on the lungs and outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess delivery room resuscitation and discharge outcomes of EPI and ELBWI in China. METHODS: The clinical data of EPI (gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) and ELBWI (birth weight [BW] <1000 g), admitted within 72 h of birth in 33 neonatal intensive care units from five provinces and cities in North China between 2017 and 2018, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were delivery room resuscitation and risk factors for delivery room intubation (DRI). The secondary outcomes were survival rates, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and risk factors for BPD. RESULTS: A cohort of 952 preterm infants were enrolled. The incidence of DRI, chest compressions, and administration of epinephrine was 55.9% (532/952), 12.5% (119/952), and 7.0% (67/952), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DRI were GA <28 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082-4.755), BW <1000 g (OR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.606-3.125), and antepartum infection (OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1.044-1.956). The survival rate was 65.9% (627/952) and was dependent on GA. The rate of BPD was 29.3% (181/627). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for BPD were male (OR, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.061-2.424), DRI (OR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.328-3.303), respiratory distress syndrome exposed to ≥2 doses of pulmonary surfactants (PS; OR, 2.700; 95% CI, 1.679-4.343), and mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.777-6.837). However, a larger BW (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999), antenatal steroid (OR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.379-0.880), and PS use in the delivery room (OR, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.160-0.467) were preventive factors for BPD (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Improving delivery room resuscitation and management of respiratory complications are imperative during early management of the health of EPI and ELBWI.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; China/epidemiology* ; Delivery Rooms ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy