INTRODUCTION: Medical errors commonly occur in medical imaging departments. These errors are frequently influenced by patient safety culture. This study aimed to develop a suitable patient safety culture assessment tool for medical imaging departments. METHODS: Staff members of a teaching hospital medical imaging department were invited to complete the generic short version of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ). Internal consistency and reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's α. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine model fit. A cut-off of 60% was used to define the percentage positive responses (PPR). PPR values were compared between occupational groups. RESULTS: A total of 300 complete responses were received and the response rate was 75.4%. In reliability analysis, the Cronbach's α for the original 32-item SAQ was 0.941. Six subscales did not demonstrate good fit with CFA. A modified five-subscale, 22-item model (SAQ-MI) showed better fit (goodness-to-fit index ≥0.9, comparative fit index ≥ 0.9, Tucker-Lewis index ≥0.9 and root mean square error of approximation ≤0.08). The Cronbach's α for the 22 items was 0.921. The final five subscales were safety and teamwork climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perception of management and working condition, with PPR of 62%, 68%, 57%, 61% and 60%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in PPR were observed between radiographers, doctors and others occupational groups. CONCLUSION The modified five-factor, 22-item SAQ-MI is a suitable tool for the evaluation of patient safety culture in a medical imaging department. Differences in patient safety culture exist between occupation groups, which will inform future intervention studies.
Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Patient Safety ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Job Satisfaction ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Middle Aged ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Safety Management ; Organizational Culture ; Medical Errors/prevention & control*

Introduction: The National Unified Health Research Agenda is a major document whose creation by the Philippine National Health Research Systems is mandated by Philippine Law. Multiple frameworks, methods, and approaches for the development of a health research agenda exists. Available literature on research priority setting have mostly focused on its methods, results, or implementation. There are limited studies on the operations management of conducting a national health research priority-setting exercise. Objectives: This paper aims to describe the operational components utilized to develop the NUHRA 2017-2022 and provide lessons learned for future research priority setting endeavors. Methods: This paper identified and categorized the operational components to develop the NUHRA 2017-2022 using the Enabler Criterion of the European Foundation for Quality Management’s (EFQM) Excellence Model. Results: Operationalizing the development of a national health research agenda requires the harmonization of multiple components. Having region-based staff involved in the production of a regional situational analysis improved its context and accuracy. The workload for each cluster team must be considered and anticipated by the management. Stakeholder engagement requires political, diplomatic, advocacy, marketing, management, and technical skills. The process requires building relationships with various institutions. In a largescale project, management processes must be in place to effectively track and monitor its progress. Conclusion Operations and management are usually a neglected area in research and development projects. In a bottoms-up research priority-setting approach, iteration and flexibility is needed which requires a lot of management skills and insight. Duration of the project, planning, resources available, and quality of outputs have a strong interconnected relationship.
Health Priorities ; Organizational Innovation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of authentic leadership and nursing organizational culture to the intention of hospital nurses to stay in their current position. METHODS: The participants of this study were 503 nurses in 8 hospitals. We collected data using questionnaires for assessing authentic leadership, nursing organization culture and intention to stay. For data analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's α, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Tukey test, Multiple regression were performed using SAS ver.9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). RESULTS: Authentic leadership (β=.12, p=.008) and relation-oriented culture (β=.13, p=.009) affected the intention of the hospital nurses to stay. These variables accounted for 29% of the variance in the intention to stay among hospital nurses. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study shows that the authentic leadership and nursing organizational culture especially relation-focused can influence nurses' intention to stay in their current position. For retaining nurses, it is suggested to use an authentic leadership training program for nursing leaders and to make efforts to establish a relation-focused culture in the hospital.
Education ; Intention ; Leadership ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: Patient-centered care is a widely utilized concept in nursing and health care. However, the key components of patient-centered nursing have not yet been reported. Moreover, previous studies on patient-centered care have mostly focused on components of nursing rather than organizational factors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of influential factors of patient-centered care is required. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model based on person-centered care theory, and the relevant literature and to test the developed model with covariance structure analysis in order to determine the causal paths among the variables. RESULTS: The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level (goodness of fit index=.87, standardized root mean residual=.01, root mean square error of approximation=.06, Tucker-Lewis index=.90, comparative fit index=.92, parsimonious normed fit index=.75). In this study, five of the six paths established in the initial hypothetical model were supported. The variables of teamwork, self-leadership, and empathy accounted for 56.4% of hospital nurses' patient-centered care. Among these, empathy was the strongest predictor of patient-centered care. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that it is necessary to use strategies to improve self-leadership and empathy. In addition to enhancing the personal factors of nurses, nursing organizations should strive for effective multidisciplinary cooperation with active support for patient-centered care and openness to change.
Delivery of Health Care ; Empathy ; Humans ; Korea ; Leadership ; Models, Theoretical ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture ; Patient-Centered Care

The purpose of this study was to introduce the concept of academic medicine to the medical societies of Korea and to identify any potential obstacles in the establishment of academic medicine in Korea. The core concepts of academic medicine include medical education, research, and patient care. Academic medicine can be practiced in the unique area of healthcare involving medical schools and teaching hospitals by faculty physicians in the academic medicine field. Through academic medicine, the next generation of healthcare professionals is trained, new discoveries can be made, and patients can find new hope for a cure. The flourishing of academic medicine has resulted in substantial advancements in medicine over the past few centuries, but at the turn of the 21st century, there was concern that academic medicine was on the decline. To address this concern, the International Campaign to Revitalize Academic Medicine was established and announced five scenarios to 2025 to debate the future of academic medicine. Although the system resembles that of Western medical societies, Korean medical societies were not familiar with academic medicine, and poor conditions caused by the distorted healthcare system in Korea have actually interfered with the nurturing of academic medicine. One of the main problems may include less interest in medical education and research relative to clinical practice by medical societies and the government. Collaborative efforts from both medical societies and the government are needed to establish academic medicine successfully in Korea for a better future.
Delivery of Health Care ; Education, Medical ; Hope ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Korea ; Organizational Policy ; Patient Care ; Schools, Medical ; Societies, Medical

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine nurses' perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents (DPSI), which is known to be effective in reducing medical litigation and improving the credibility of medical professionals. METHODS: Three focus group discussions were conducted with 20 nurses using semistructured guidelines. Transcribed content including a record of the progress of the focus group discussions and researchers' notes were analyzed using directed content analysis. RESULTS: Most participants thought that DPSI is necessary because of its effectiveness and for ethical justification. However, participants held varied opinions regarding the primary responsibility of DPSI. Participants agreed on the necessity of explaining the incident and expressing sympathy, apologizing, and promising appropriate compensation that are chief components of DPSI. However, they were concerned that it implies a definitive medical error. A closed organizational culture, fear of deteriorating relationships with patients, and concerns about additional work burdens were suggested as barriers to DPSI. However, the establishment of DPSI guidelines and improving the hospital organization culture were raised as facilitators of DPSI. CONCLUSION: Most nurse participants acknowledged the need for DPSI. To promote DPSI, it is necessary to develop guidelines for DPSI and provide the appropriate training. Improving the hospital organization culture is also critical to facilitate DPSI.
Compensation and Redress ; Disclosure ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Medical Errors ; Organizational Culture ; Patient Rights ; Patient Safety

Neonatal thrombocytopenia, defined as platelet counts of less than 150,000/µL, is a frequent hematologic abnormality in neonatal period. Differential diagnosis of neonatal thrombocytopenia may be challenging to pediatric hematologists and neonatologists because neonatal thrombocytopenia is associated with diverse maternal or neonatal clinical conditions. An accurate diagnosis for neonatal thrombocytopenia will lead to appropriate evaluation and management. Platelet transfusion is the primary management of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Most thrombocytopenic newborns received platelet concentrates to prevent major hemorrhage or treat ongoing bleeding according to institutional policy. However, scientific evidences for benefit and consistent guideline for platelet transfusion in neonates are lacking, further investigation to establish the standard recommendation for platelet transfusion is needed. This article reviewed the diagnostic approach and current guideline for platelet transfusion management for neonatal thrombocytopenia.
Blood Platelets ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Organizational Policy ; Platelet Count ; Platelet Transfusion ; Thrombocytopenia ; Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune

This study was conducted to recognize the role of Korean Council on Medical Education (KCME), which is composed of 12 medical organizations related to medical education, and its importance in Korean medical society. The historical background of the establishment of the KCME is reviewed, along with changes in medical education in Korea starting in the early 1960s. In 1971, the first organization for medical education in Korea, the Association of Korean Medical Colleges, was established by 14 deans of medical colleges. This organization sought to create a good environment for medical education, but because of conflict between deans and medical educators, in 1983 it was divided into two organizations : the Korean Society of Medical Education and the Korean Council of Deans of Medical Colleges. Neither was active until they co-organized a congress about medical education in 1994, and fortunately, they have continued to collaborate since. At that time, the Korean government aggressively tried to authorize 9 new medical colleges, which caused Korean organizations related to medical education to unite against this governmental policy by establishing the KCME. The KCME played an important role in monitoring policy changes and achieved some noteworthy results. However, recent changes, including the fourth industrial revolution and patterns of mutual influence among medical education, research and clinical practice, have spurred the KCME to change and broaden its activities. Therefore, the KCME should take the lead in launching a serious discussion reorganizing Korean medical societies so that academic medicine and practical medicine may flourish.
Capacity Building ; Education, Medical ; Korea ; Organization and Administration ; Organizational Policy ; Societies, Medical

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to examine relationships among workplace bullying, organization culture and nursing performance in clinical nurses.METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from October 16 to 26, 2018 with 168 nurses participating in RN-BSN and graduate programs in a university. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 by t - test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression.RESULTS: Of nurses, 23.2% were found as victims of workplace bullying. Higher scores for workplace bullying positively correlated with rank-oriented culture (r=.19, p=.015), negatively correlated with relational-oriented culture (r=−.43, p<.001) and innovation-oriented culture (r=−.35, p<.001). After adjusting for other variables, better nursing performance was associated with lower scores for workplace bullying (β=−.18, p=.026) and innovation-oriented culture (β=.24, p=.023). However, there was no moderating effect of organizational culture in the relationship between workplace bullying and nursing performance.CONCLUSION: Efforts to creating innovative organizational culture and reducing workplace bullying can contribute to improving nursing performance.
Bullying ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to understand the determinants of job satisfaction for hospital nurses in Korea. Organization culture is deemed as a strong factor which contributes to overall job satisfaction. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases to identify Korean studies for the years 1998 to 2017. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Ver 2.0 was then utilized in data analysis. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of data from 36 studies indicated that the overall effect size of correlation between organizational culture and job satisfaction was moderate (ESr=.36), and publication year was negatively associated with these factors in the meta-regression model. In addition, the magnitude of the types of organizational culture and job satisfaction varied according to size of the hospitals: innovation-oriented culture for secondary hospitals (ESr=.49) and relation-oriented culture for tertiary hospitals (ESr=.46). Lastly, of four different organizational cultures, innovation-oriented culture showed the strongest correlation with job satisfaction (ESr=.50), followed by relation-oriented culture (ESr=.49), and task-oriented culture (ESr=.30). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that nursing organization culture plays a significant role in Korean nurses' job satisfaction. The implication of the study is that creating an innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in hospitals may effectively promote nurses' job satisfaction more than hierarchy-oriented culture.
Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture ; Publications ; Statistics as Topic ; Tertiary Care Centers