The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly widespread sleep-breathing disordered disease, and is an independent risk factor for many high-risk chronic diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, arrhythmias and diabetes, which is potentially fatal. The key to the prevention and treatment of OSA is early diagnosis and treatment, so the assessment and diagnostic technologies of OSA have become a research hotspot. This paper reviews the research progresses of severity assessment parameters and diagnostic technologies of OSA, and discusses their future development trends. In terms of severity assessment parameters of OSA, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), as the gold standard, together with the percentage of duration of apnea hypopnea (AH%), lowest oxygen saturation (LSpO₂), heart rate variability (HRV), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and the emerging biomarkers, constitute a multi-dimensional evaluation system. Specifically, the AHI, which measures the frequency of sleep respiratory events per hour, does not fully reflect the patients’ overall sleep quality or the extent of their daytime functional impairments. To address this limitation, the AH%, which measures the proportion of the entire sleep cycle affected by apneas and hypopneas, deepens our understanding of the impact on sleep quality. The LSpO₂ plays a critical role in highlighting the potential severe hypoxic episodes during sleep, while the HRV offers a different perspective by analyzing the fluctuations in heart rate thereby revealing the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The ODI provides a direct and objective measure of patients’ nocturnal oxygenation stability by calculating the number of desaturation events per hour, and the biomarkers offers novel insights into the diagnosis and management of OSA, and fosters the development of more precise and tailored OSA therapeutic strategies. In terms of diagnostic techniques of OSA, the standardized questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is a simple and effective method for preliminary screening of OSA, and the polysomnography (PSG) which is based on recording multiple physiological signals stands for gold standard, but it has limitations of complex operations, high costs and inconvenience. As a convenient alternative, the home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) allows patients to monitor their sleep with simplified equipment in the comfort of their own homes, and the cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) offers a minimal version that simply analyzes the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. As an emerging diagnostic technology of OSA, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) adeptly pinpoint respiratory incidents and expose delicate physiological changes, thus casting new light on the diagnostic approach to OSA. In addition, imaging examination utilizes detailed visual representations of the airway’s structure and assists in recognizing structural abnormalities that may result in obstructed airways, while sound monitoring technology records and analyzes snoring and breathing sounds to detect the condition subtly, and thus further expands our medical diagnostic toolkit. As for the future development directions, it can be predicted that interdisciplinary integrated researches, the construction of personalized diagnosis and treatment models, and the popularization of high-tech in clinical applications will become the development trends in the field of OSA evaluation and diagnosis.

Objective:To explore whether the Wenpi Yishen method can effectively prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infection after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 173 patients with BPH admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to December 2024, and they were divided into the control group ( n=104) and the Wenpi Yishen group ( n=69) by the random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated only with conventional methods after TURP, while patients in the Wenpi Yishen group were treated with the Wenpi Yishen method in addition to the conventional treatment after TURP to prevent urinary tract infections. The preoperative general data such as age and body mass index of the two groups of patients were compared, as well as the traditional chinese medical syndrome scores before and after TURP, international prostate symptom scores (IPSS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, urinary tract infections and postoperative complications, etc. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups; count data were expressed as the cases and percentage, and Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of preoperative traditional chinese medical syndrome scores, IPSS scores, SAS scores, and inflammation-related indicators ( P>0.05). In the patients of control group, 44 cases (42.3%) had positive urine cultures before the operation, there was 28 cases (40.6%) in the Wenpi Yishen group, and the difference was no statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the patients of control group, 28 cases showed positive urine cultures within one month after TURP, among which 9 cases were new-onset urinary tract infections, there was 9 cases in the Wenpi Yishen group, and no new-onset urinary tract infections, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The traditional chinese medical syndrome scores of patients in the control group and Wenpi Yishen group after surgery were (8.0±2.1) points and (6.9±2.4) points, respectively, and the therapeutic rates of syndromes were (60.2±10.0)% and (65.2±12.2)%, respectively, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The IPSS score and SAS score of patients in the Wenpi Yishen group decreased by (21.0±4.5) points and (14.7±2.9) points before and after TURP, respectively, which were both lower than those of the control group [(19.1±3.5) points and (11.7±3.7) points], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In terms of the severity of postoperative complications, 34 cases (32.7%) in the control group had relatively severe complications such as urinary tract infection and hematuria, while only 5 cases (7.25%) in the Wenpi Yishen group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative inflammation-related indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For patients with BPH, early application of the Wenpi Yishen method after TURP can effectively prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infections, and improve the uncomfortable symptoms in the short term after the operation, as well as relieve the generation of anxiety.

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative application effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) clinical pathway in percutaneous vertebro plasty (PVP).Methods:The clinical data of 274 patients who underwent PVP treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2023 to August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different numbers of surgical segments: the single-segment group ( n=211) and the multisegment group ( n=63). Patients in the single-segment group underwent single-segment surgery, while patients in the multisegment group underwent surgery on ≥2 segments. The core points of the ERAS clinical pathway adopted in this study include perioperative education, pain management, early mobilization, application of "outfast", and joint guidance from the departments of nutrition and rehabilitation. Comparison was made between the two groups of patients in terms of visual analog scale (VAS) scores for low back pain at preoperative, 2 h, 6 h, 24 h postoperatively, and on the day of discharge; Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores preoperatively and on the day of discharge; time to first ambulation postoperatively, total length of hospital stay, postoperative length of stay, perioperative complications, and perioperative application of Opioid consumption. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and the independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups; count data were expressed as cases and percentage, and the Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. The VAS pain scores at each stage of the perioperative period were evaluated using repeated measures analysis of variance or generalized estimating equations. Results:Compared with that before the operation [(6.17±0.93) points, (6.29±0.83) points], the VAS scores of low back pain of patients in the single-segment group and the multisegment group at 2 hours after surgery [(3.09±0.82) points, (3.27±0.65) points], 6 hours after surgery [(2.60±0.79) points, (2.62±0.55) points], and 24 hours after surgery [(1.89±0.77) points, (1.97±0.72) points] and on the day of discharge [(1.72±0.71) points, (1.81±0.64) points] were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). At the same stage, the VAS scores of low back pain in both groups were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The ODI scores of patients in the single-segment group and the multisegment group on the day of discharge [(24.21±2.35) points, (24.63±3.31) points] were significantly lower than those before the operation [(64.50±4.81) points, (65.52±4.08) points], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in perioperative complications and the proportion of Opioid drug application between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For patients with single-segment or multisegment OVCF, PVP surgical treatment under ERAS clinical pathway management can achieve immediate pain relief, early ambulation exercise, and satisfactory perioperative efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-373-3p in diabetic retinopathy(DR),as well as the underlying mechanisms.Methods Serum samples from 35 DR patients and 35 non-DR patients visiting Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were collected,and expression levels of miR-373-3p and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)mRNA were detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).An in vitro DR model was constructed using high glucose(HG)-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMEC).HRMECs were divided into control group(5 mmol/L glucose and 25 mmol/L mannitol treatment),HG group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment),HG+miR-373-3p mimic-negative control(miR-con)group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after transfection with miR-con),HG+miR-373-3p mimic group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after transfection with miR-373-3p),HG+miR-373-3p+vector group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after co-transfection with miR-373-3p and vector),and HG+miR-373-3p+vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after co-transfection with miR-373-3p and VEGFA).The expression levels of miR-373-3p,VEGFA mRNA and protein were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting.CCK-8,immunofluorescence,Transwell assay,angiogenesis assay,and Western blotting were used to evaluate HRMEC proliferation,migration and angiogenesis abilities.The relationship between miR-373-3p and VEGFA was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay.Results Compared with non-DR patients,DR patients exhibited significantly lower expression levels of miR-373-3p(P＜0.05)and higher expression levels of VEGFA mRNA(P＜0.05)in serum.Compared with control group,HG group showed decreased expression of miR-373-3p(P＜0.05),increased expressions of the mRNA and protein of VEGFA(P＜0.05),higher cell viability,proliferation rate,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Cylin D1 protein,and numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability(P＜0.05)in HRMECs.Compared with HG+miR-con group,HG+miR-373-3p group showed increased expression of miR-373-3p(P＜0.05),decreased expressions of VEGFA(P＜0.05),lower cell viability,proliferation rate,PCNA and Cylin D1 protein(P＜0.05),and lower numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability(P＜0.05)in HRMECs.Compared with HG+miR-373-3p+vector group,HG+miR-373-3p+VEGFA group showed increased expression of VEGFA(P＜0.05),higher cell viability,proliferation rate,PCNA and Cylin D1 protein,and numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability(P＜0.05)in HRMECs.The results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed decreased enzymatic activity of luciferase after cotransfection of miR-373-3p and VEGFA sequence(P＜0.05).Conclusion MiR-373-3p is lowly expressed in the serum of DR patients,and its potential mechanism may involve targeting VEGFA to inhibit HG-induced HRMEC dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the effect of farrerol on pyroptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)in lens epithelial cells through regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods Thirty-six neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,cataract group(20 μmol/kg sodium selenite),farrerol low dose,medium dose and high dose groups(10,20,40 mg/kg farrerol)and positive control group(benzyda lysine eye drops).Lens turbidity was observed by slit-lamp and scored,and pathological changes of lens were observed by HE staining.Human lens epithelial cells were cultured and divided into control group,model group,low concentration farrerol group(20 mg/L),high concentration farrerol group(40 mg/L),high concentration farrerol+R08191 group(40 mg/L+10 μmol/L),except the control group,other groups were induced by H2O2.The cell activity was detected by CCK-8 method;the concentrations of interleukin(IL-1 β)and IL-18 in cell culture medium were measured by ELISA;inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the cell scorch in each group;The expression of N-terminal fragment of GSDMD(GSDMD-N)protein was detected by immunofluorescent staining;the content of reactive ozygen species(ROS)was measured by flow cytometry;the expressions of latent heat protein(NLRP3),apoptosis-associate speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),Caspase-1,GSDMD-N,JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results In cataract rats,the lens epithelial cells were disorderly and loosely arranged,the lens fibrosis/liquefaction,and the lens turbidity score increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the cataract group,the lens damage and the lens turbidity score decreased in the low,medium and farrerol high dose group and the positive control group(P＜0.05),and the effect of the farrerol high dose group was the best,which was basically consistent with the positive control group.The cells in the control group were closely connected and arranged in order,without scorched cells;in the model group,the cells were swollen and had typical charring characteristics of bubble like protrusion;Compared with the model group,the cell bubble protrusion in the low concentration farrerol group and the high concentration farrerol group was alleviated;Compared with the high concentration farrerol group,the cell bubble protrusion in the high concentration farrerol+R08191 group was aggravated.Compared with the control group,the cell survival rate in model group was decreased,the levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β in supernatant,the number of GSDMD-N positive cells,the level of ROS,the expression of NLPR3,ASC,Caspase-1,GSDMD-N protein,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 were increased(P＜0.05);Compared with the model group,the cell survival rate in the low concentration farrerol group and the high concentration farrerol group was increased,the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in supernatant,the number of GSDMD-N positive cells,the level of ROS,the expression of NLPR3,ASC,Caspase-1,GSDMD-N protein,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 were decreased(P＜0.05);compared with the high concentration farrerol group,the cell survival rate in the high concentration farrerol+R08191 group was decreased,the levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β in supernatant,the number of GSDMD-N positive cells,the level of ROS,the expression of NLPR3,ASC,Caspase-1,GSDMD-N protein,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 signaling were increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Farrerol may inhibit H2O2-induced pyroptosis of lens epithelial cells by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

The telomere structure in the cell nucleus is crucial for maintaining the stability and functions of chromosomes.Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase,which catalyzes the elongation of telomeres using its own RNA as a template,thereby counteracting the shortening of telomeres caused by chromosome replication and cell division.Due to its overexpression in over 85％of malignant tumor cells,telomerase has emerged as a highly promising biomarker and a novel target for cancer therapy.In recent years,given the importance of precise quantification of telomerase activity in guiding medical diagnosis and treatment strategies,researchers have developed various high-performance telomerase detection techniques.Among these,electrochemical biosensing technique has cause much attention due to its high sensitivity,operational convenience,rapid response,and ease of miniaturization.This paper focused on the latest advances in electrochemical sensing technique for detection of telomerase activity,aiming to provide inspiration for designing novel telomerase activity detection strategies by elucidating three unique properties of telomerase primer extension products.

A method for determination and targeted screening of diflorasone components in health products using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was established.Four representative diflorasone and esters(diflorasone,diflorasone diacetate,diflorasone-17-propionate,and diflorasone-21-propionate)were selected to optimize the pretreatment conditions,and 10 mL of extraction solvent dosage,15 min of extraction time and 5 g of salting-out agent as the optimal conditions were selected by response surface methodology.The results showed that the four analytes exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 2.0?100 μg/L with the chromatographic peak area,and the correlation coefficients(R2)were all greater than 0.9990,while the results of recovery and relative standard deviation could satisfy the requirements of determination.The common characteristic ions of diflorasone and esters werem/z121 andm/z335,and their specific structures were obtained by analyzing the cleavage pathway based on the optimized determination conditions.A targeted screening method for other esters of diflorasone based on characteristic ions guidance strategy was established.This method had many advantages such as high efficiency,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and could be used for targeted screening of diflorasone and esters in health products.The developed characteristic ion guided strategy could be employed to construct mass spectral databases for various glucocorticoids,enabling comprehensive targeted screening across a broad range of compounds.

Nitrofurazone(NFZ)is an antibiotic that is used as a veterinary drug in aquaculture.NFZ abuse can lead to a series of environmental and health issues,making it crucial to establish a rapid and highly sensitive method for NFZ detection.In this study,platinum nanoparticle(PtNPs)-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF-8)was used as a precursor,and PtNPs functionalized nitrogen doped porous carbon(NC)was obtained through pyrolysis.Pt@NC was combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)and cast onto a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)surface to construct an electroch-emical sensor.Electrochemical tests revealed that Pt@NC/WCNT/GCE exhibited an electrochemical active area of 0.066 cm2 and a heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant(k0)of 2.03×10-3 cm/s,which were higher than other materials.Compared with the electrodes modified by other materials,the NFZ generated the highest peak current of irreversible reduction peak on the Pt@NC/WCNT/GCE electrode.In comparison with Pt@ZIF-8/WCNT/GCE,after pyrolysis and carbonization treatment,the reduction current of NFZ increased by 2.19 times,and the reduction peak potential shifted positively by 19 mV simultaneously.When compared with NC/WCNT/GCE,the PtNPs in the composite material enhanced the NFZ current by 4.25 times.Additionally,the experimental conditions for detecting NFZ using the sensor were optimized,including the carbonization temperature of Pt@ZIF-8,ratio of Pt@NC to CNT,loading amount of the modified material,and electrolyte pH.Under the optimized conditions,the sensor demonstrated a linear detection range for NFZ of 0.20-240 μmol/L,a sensitivity of 9.995 μA/((μmol/L)?cm2)and a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.06 μmol/L.The sensor exhibited excellent anti-interference capability,good reproducibility,and stability,with spiked recoveries for NFZ in water samples ranging from 94.6%to 105.6%.This study provided a novel electrochemical sensing approach for NFZ detection.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the value of myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE)in the prognostic assessment of patients undergoing revascularization for acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocar-dial infarction(STEMI).Methods:A total of 234 patients with acute anterior STEMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and completed MCE admitted in Dongguan People's Hospital between July 1st 2019 and October 1st 2021 were included.According to presence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)during 6 months,patients were divided into no MACE group(n=188)and MACE group(n=46).General data and MCE indexes were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze influencing factors for MACE in patients with acute anterior STEMI after PCI.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze predictive value of MCE indexes for MACE in patients with acute anterior STE-MI after PCI.Results:Compared with patients in no MACE group,those in MACE group had significant higher proportion of previous myocardial infarction,D-dimer,C reactive protein,B-type natriuretic peptide,creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB),incidence of T-wave inversion and ST-segment resolution amplitude(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).MCE showed that compared with those in no MACE group,those in MACE group had significant lower left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(52.54±7.66)％ vs.(55.98±10.04)％],and significant higher wall motion score index(WMSI)[(1.22±0.13)vs.(1.17±0.15)]and contrast score index(CSI)[(1.54±0.32)％vs.(1.16±0.21)％](P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that previous myocar-dial infarction,C-reactive protein,CSI and T-wave inversion were independent risk factors for MACE in patients with acute anterior STEMI after PCI(OR=13.790～6601.747,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).ROC curve indicated that CSI had good predictive value for MACE in patients with acute anterior STEMI after PCI,the area under curve(AUC)was 0.874(95％CI 0.825～0.914)and optimal cutoff point was 1.33％.Conclusion:Myocardial contrast echocardiography plays an important role in prognostic assessment of patients undergoing revascularization for acute anterior STEMI.