AIM To evaluate the quality of Yanyangke Mixture.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed.The contents of liquiritin,rosmarinic acid,sheganoside,irisgenin,honokiol,monoammonium glycyrrhizinate,irisflorentin,isoliquiritin and magnolol were determined,the analysis was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(5 μm,250 mmx4.6 mm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1％phosphoric acid-acetonitrile flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and multi-wavelength detection was adopted.RESULTS There were ten common peaks in the fingerprints for twelve batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Various batches of samples were clustered into three types,three principal components displayed the acumulative variance contribution rate of 87.448％,peaks 5、14(honokiol),3(liquiritin),11(monoammonium glycyrrhizinate)and 15(asarinin)were quality markers.Nine constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.5％-103.6％with the RSDs of 0.92％-1.7％.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can provide a basis for the quality control of Yanyangke Mixture.

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposure and the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted, recruiting 221 children with ASD and 400 healthy children as controls. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect information on general characteristics of the children, socio-economic characteristics of the family, maternal pregnancy history, and maternal disease exposure during pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between maternal GDM exposure and the development of ASD in offspring. The potential interaction between offspring gender and maternal GDM exposure on the development of ASD in offspring was explored. RESULTS: The proportion of maternal GDM was significantly higher in the ASD group compared to the control group (16.3% vs 9.4%, P=0.014). After adjusting for variables such as gender, gestational age, mode of delivery, parity, and maternal education level, maternal GDM exposure was a risk factor for ASD in offspring (OR=2.18, 95%CI: 1.04-4.54, P=0.038). On the basis of adjusting the above variables, after further adjusting the variables including prenatal intake of multivitamins, folic acid intake in the first three months of pregnancy, and assisted reproduction the result trend did not change, but no statistical significance was observed (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 0.74-5.11, P=0.183). There was an interaction between maternal GDM exposure and offspring gender on the development of ASD in offspring (P<0.001). Gender stratified analysis showed that only in male offspring of mothers with GDM, the risk of ASD was significantly increased (OR=3.67, 95%CI: 1.16-11.65, P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Maternal GDM exposure might increase the risk of ASD in offspring. There is an interaction between GDM exposure and offspring gender in the development of ASD in offspring.
Child ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Male ; Diabetes, Gestational/etiology* ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/etiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Gestational Age ; Mothers

The basic concepts of armored ambulance informatization were described,and the current situations of armored ambulance informatization of foreign and China's armies were introduced.The differences between foreign and China's armies in armored ambulance informatization were analyzed.It's pointed out the emphases of the armored ambulance informatization of the PLA would be posed on searching,rescue and treatment technologies,tele medical consultation and fusion with the commanding system in the future.

Cancer is a threat to human health. New treatments for cancer can significantly prolong the survival time of patients， but fail to improve the adverse reactions induced by chemoradiotherapy. Improving patient outcomes still requires the effort of cancer researchers. In recent years， the anti-tumor effects of active components from Chinese herbs have received wide attention. Kaempferol， a flavonoid mainly found in the medicinal plant Kaempferia galanga， can be used to treat obesity， cardiovascular diseases， diabetes and other diseases. It has also exhibited good efficacy in inhibiting the occurrence and development of liver cancer， colon cancer， lung cancer， ovarian cancer， and other malignant tumors. Kaempferol mainly exerts the anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis. Specifically， it promotes the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） and triggers cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Besides， it is capable of interfering with the cancer cell cycle， causing most cancer cells to arrest in the G₂/M phase， and inducing cell autophagy， a programmed cell death， thus inhibiting cell migration and invasion and angiogenesis， synergistically improving chemotherapeutic drug efficacy， and reducing adverse effects. Kaempferol acts on a series of intracellular and extracellular targets to participate in the regulation of tumor cell signaling pathways， involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and Wnt signaling pathways， with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway being most significant. In addition， kaempferol also plays an important regulatory role in tumor epigenetics. This paper reviewed the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of kaempferol， aiming to provide reference for in-depth study on its prevention and treatment of tumor and the development of new anti-tumor drugs.

Objective: To explore the effect of perioperative chemotherapy on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients under real-world condition. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Real world data of gastric cancer patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy and surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy in 33 domestic hospitals from January 1, 2014 to January 31, 2016 were collected. Inclusion criteria: (1) gastric adenocarcinoma was confirmed by histopathology, and clinical stage was cT2-4aN0-3M0 (AJCC 8th edition); (2) D2 radical gastric cancer surgery was performed; (3) at least one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was completed; (4) at least 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) [SOX (S-1+oxaliplatin) or CapeOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin)] were completed. Exclusion criteria: (1) complicated with other malignant tumors; (2) radiotherapy received; (3) patients with incomplete data. The enrolled patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the perioperative chemotherapy group, and those who received only postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to control selection bias. The primary outcome were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after PSM. OS was defined as the time from the first neoadjuvant chemotherapy (operation + adjuvant chemotherapy group: from the date of operation) to the last effective follow-up or death. PFS was defined as the time from the first neoadjuvant chemotherapy (operation + adjuvant chemotherapy group: from the date of operation) to the first imaging diagnosis of tumor progression or death. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rate, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the independent effect of perioperative chemo therapy on OS and PFS. Results: 2 045 cases were included, including 1 293 cases in the surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy group and 752 cases in the perioperative chemotherapy group. After PSM, 492 pairs were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, tumor stage before treatment, and tumor location between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group, patients in the perioperative chemotherapy group had higher proportion of total gastrectomy (χ(2)=40.526, P<0.001), smaller maximum tumor diameter (t=3.969, P<0.001), less number of metastatic lymph nodes (t=1.343, P<0.001), lower ratio of vessel invasion (χ(2)=11.897, P=0.001) and nerve invasion (χ(2)=12.338, P<0.001). In the perioperative chemotherapy group and surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group, 24 cases (4.9%) and 17 cases (3.4%) developed postoperative complications, respectively, and no significant difference was found between two groups (χ(2)=0.815, P=0.367). The median OS of the perioperative chemotherapy group was longer than that of the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group (65 months vs. 45 months, HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.89, P=0.001); the median PFS of the perioperative chemotherapy group was also longer than that of the surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy group (56 months vs. 36 months, HR=0.72, 95% CI:0.61-0.85, P<0.001). The forest plot results of subgroup analysis showed that both men and women could benefit from perioperative chemotherapy (all P<0.05); patients over 45 years of age (P<0.05) and with normal body mass (P<0.01) could benefit significantly; patients with cTNM stage II and III presented a trend of benefit or could benefit significantly (P<0.05); patients with signet ring cell carcinoma benefited little (P>0.05); tumors in the gastric body and gastric antrum benefited more significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

[Objective]To estimate the clinical value of serum high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) as a biomarker of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).[Methods]This study included 33 patients with IPAH that were confirmed by right heart catheter in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from May 2011 to April 2015. 8 patients with IPAH were followed up for 6 months during treating with PAH-specific pharmacotherapies. All the subjects ' clinical data were collected,HMGB1 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).[Results]Serum HMGB1 levels (ng/mL) were significantly increased in patients with IPAH compared with the control group(14.8 ± 2.4 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2, P<0.001);The serum HMGB1 levels were significant?ly positive correlation with mean pulmonary arterial pressure(MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistauce (PVR) ( r=0.864, P<0.001; r=0.460,P=0.002) in the patients with IPAH. After treating with PAH-specific pharmacotherapies for 6 month, HMGB1 levels(ng/mL) were significantly decreased(15.9±5.3 vs 11.1±2.5,P=0.021)along with the patients'MPAP(62.3±9.7 vs 54.0±8.7,mmHg)and 6-min walk distances(m)improved(368±69 vs 401±55,P<0.001).[Conclusions]Our study suggested that serum HMGB1 may be used as a biomarker of treatment response to targeted therapy, and it will be used as a biomarker in the follow-up evaluation of patients with IPAH.

BACKGROUNDTakayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare inflammatory arteriopathy of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic susceptibility to TA in a Chinese population.

METHODSFour single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) those locate in the IL12B region (rs56167332), the MLX region (rs665268), the FCGR2A/FCGR3A locus (rs10919543), and the HLA-B/MICA locus (rs12524487), associated with TA in different population, were genotyped in 123 Chinese TA patients and 147 healthy controls from January 2013 to August 2014. A Chi-square test was used to test for genotype/allele frequencies variants.

RESULTSAmong the four SNPs, rs10919543 was found to be significantly associated with TA in the studied population. The GG genotype of rs10919543 at the FCGR2A/FCGR3A locus is a high risk factor (odds ratio [OR] = 6.532, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.402 - 17.763, P < 0.001) for TA. Among TA patients, the level of eosinophil granulocytes (Eos) in the peripheral blood was observed to be higher in the GG group of rs10919543 (n = 23, Eos = 0.11 [0.08, 0.17] ×109/L) than the GA + AA group (n = 100, Eos = 0.08 [0.05, 0.13] ×109/L, P = 0.028). No correlation between the genotypes of the other three SNPs and TA patients was observed.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings revealed unique genetic pattern in Chinese TA patients that may be partly responsible for the higher risk of TA in this population. FCGR2A/FCGR3A-related immune disorder might contribute to the etiology of TA.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, IgG ; genetics ; Takayasu Arteritis ; etiology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) level in patients with subacute cough and its value in predicting the patients' response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) treatment.

METHODSA total of 100 patients with persistent cough lasting more than 3 weeks were enrolled, including 52 patients with subacute cough and 48 with chronic cough. FENO, spirometry, and responses to ICS therapy of the patients were evaluated.

RESULTSThe recruited patients had a median (inter-quartile ranges) FENO level of 19 ppb (12-30 ppb). Patients with chronic cough had a significantly higher median FENO level than those with subacute cough (20.5 vs 16 ppb; Z=-2.245, P=0.025). A FENO level ≥25 ppb was recorded in 15 (28.8%) patients with subacute cough, as compared with 20 (41.6%) in patients with chronic cough (χ(2)=1.801, P=0.179). With a FENO ≥25 ppb as the critical value to justify ICS treatment, 15 patients with subacute cough received ICS and 14 (93.3%) of them showed obvious relief of cough after 2 weeks of therapy, a response rate similar to that of 85.0% (17/20) in patients with chronic cough receiving the treatment (χ(2)=0.588, P=0.443). In patients with subacute cough, those with cough variant asthma (CVA) or eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) had a significantly higher median FENO level than those with postinfectious cough [(16 (11-31) ppb vs 11 (8-19) ppb, P<0.01]. In the etiological analysis, CVA or EB was identified in 23 (44.2%) of the patients with subacute cough, as compared 21 (43.8%) in patients with chronic cough (χ(2)=0.002, P=0.961).

CONCLUSIONFENO may be an important indicator for etiological diagnosis of subacute cough and for predicting the response to ICS treatment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Breath Tests ; Chronic Disease ; Cough ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Exhalation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis