Objective To obtain measurements of fetal four-chamber view and left and right ventricular shapes using two-dimensional speckle tracking,and to explore the clinical quantification of cardiac shape remodeling in small for gestational age(SGA)fetuses.Methods In this study,we prospectively collected data on singleton pregnancies from 28 to 39 weeks that were established in the archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from May 2020 to Jul 2021.Fetuses eligible for inclusion criteria were randomly matched according to the ratio of estimated fetal weight(EFW)≥10th percentile(P10)∶EFWP90 in the apical segments of the left ventricle was greater in normal UAPI fetuses than that in low-risk fetuses(24.2%vs.14.3%,P=0.005);the SI of left ventricle in UAPI-normal SGA fetuses was greater in segments S1 to S22 than that of right ventricle with statistically significant difference(all P<0.05),while no significant difference was found between the SI of left and right ventricles in segments S23 and S24.Conclusion About one-fourth of SGA fetuses with normal UAPI have abnormally increased apical segments of the left ventricular SI,suggesting that cardiac remodeling with a predominantly"elongated"apical segments of the left ventricle precedes Doppler anomalies.

An automated identification method for adolescent schizophrenia based on brain electroencephalogram(EEG)entropy features is proposed for further improving the diagnostic accuracy of adolescent schizophrenia.The raw EEG signals are decomposed into 5 commonly used rhythm bands:Delta,Theta,Alpha,Beta,and Gamma.The permutation entropy,fuzzy entropy,and sample entropy are extracted from each rhythm band and then organized into a feature matrix structured by electrode location×frequency band.Finally,an ECA-CNN model integrating efficient channel attention(ECA)and convolutional neural network(CNN)is constructed for feature classification and realizing the automated identification of adolescent schizophrenia.The results demonstrate that the proposed ECA-CNN model has higher recognition accuracy than the traditional machine learning models,achieving an accuracy of 99.08%,a sensitivity of 99.27%,a specificity of 98.85%,a precision of 99.01%,a F1 score of 99.14%,and a Kappa coefficient of 0.9814.This study provides a new idea and method for the diagnosis of adolescent schizophrenia.

Objective:To understand the pathogenic composition and epidemiological characteristics of febrile respiratory syndrome (FRS) in elderly people aged 60 and above in China, and to provide a reference basis for the scientific and precise prevention and control of FRS in the elderly.Methods:Based on FRS cases surveillance data from information management system of National Technical Platform for Infectious Disease Surveillance, National Science and Technology Major Project of China, the surveillance pathogens included 8 viruses, including influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (HAdV), parainfluenza virus (HPIV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), coronavirus (HCoV), bocavirus and rhinovirus (HRV); 7 bacterias, namely Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S.pneumoniae), Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pneumoniae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa), Group A Streptococcus ( GAS), Haemophilus influenzae ( H.influenzae) and Legionella pneumophila ( L. pneumophila), in addition to Chlamydia pneumoniae ( C. pneumoniae) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae). A descriptive epidemiological approach was used to analyze the pathogenic composition and major epidemiological characteristics of FRS cases aged 60 years and older nationwide from 2009 to 2021. Results:The predominant viruses of FRS cases aged≥60 years accounted for 87.93% of the pathogen spectrum in China, including IFV (42.42%), HRV (16.71%), HPIV (11.53%), HCoV (9.52%), and RSV (7.75%), while the pathogen spectrum of the major bacteria accounted for 94.60%, including S. pneumoniae (25.71%), P. aeruginosa (24.97%), K. pneumoniae (22.47%), H. influenzae (12.23%), and S. aureus (9.22%). Influenza viruses have always been at the top of the viral pathogen spectrum, and P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae, ranked high in the bacterial pathogen spectrum. Among them, the proportions of HRV, HPIV, RSV, K. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae fluctuated and increased during the 13 years of observation. The positive rate of any pathogen in FRS cases was higher in out patient emergencies (32.83%) than in hospitalized cases (27.26%) ( χ2 =125.89, P<0.001). The positive rate of IFV was higher in cases aged 60-74 years (13.66%). The positive rate of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were higher in cases aged ≥90 years (10.71%, 9.40%) and in northern regions (8.32%, 7.30%). The positive rate of any pathogen in FRS cases was higher in winter (33.82%) than in other seasons ( χ2=212.03, P<0.001). The positive rate of IFV and HRV were higher in winter (22.87%) and autumn (5.98%) and the positive rate of P.aeruginosa (8.11%) and K.pneumoniae (8.30%) were higher in summer. Conclusions:IFV, HRV, HPIV, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were respectively the top three pathogens in the viral and bacterial pathogen spectrum of FRS cases aged 60 years and above in China from 2009 to 2021, and the positive rate of these main pathogens showed differences between age groups, seasons, and geographic regions. In the future, the dynamic surveillance of various pathogens in the elderly with respiratory tract infections should be continuously strengthened.

An automated identification method for adolescent schizophrenia based on brain electroencephalogram(EEG)entropy features is proposed for further improving the diagnostic accuracy of adolescent schizophrenia.The raw EEG signals are decomposed into 5 commonly used rhythm bands:Delta,Theta,Alpha,Beta,and Gamma.The permutation entropy,fuzzy entropy,and sample entropy are extracted from each rhythm band and then organized into a feature matrix structured by electrode location×frequency band.Finally,an ECA-CNN model integrating efficient channel attention(ECA)and convolutional neural network(CNN)is constructed for feature classification and realizing the automated identification of adolescent schizophrenia.The results demonstrate that the proposed ECA-CNN model has higher recognition accuracy than the traditional machine learning models,achieving an accuracy of 99.08%,a sensitivity of 99.27%,a specificity of 98.85%,a precision of 99.01%,a F1 score of 99.14%,and a Kappa coefficient of 0.9814.This study provides a new idea and method for the diagnosis of adolescent schizophrenia.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to variants of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) (MODY5) has not been well studied in the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and evaluate the application of a clinical screening method (Faguer score) in Chinese early-onset diabetes (EOD) patients. Methods: Among 679 EOD patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age at diagnosis ≤40 years), the exons of HNF1β were sequenced. Functional impact of rare variants was evaluated using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Faguer scores ≥8 prompted multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large deletions. Pathogenicity of HNF1β variants was assessed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results: Two rare HNF1β missense mutations (E105K and G454R) were identified by sequencing in five patients, showing functional impact in vitro. Another patient was found to have a whole-gene deletion by MLPA in 22 patients with the Faguer score above 8. Following ACMG guidelines, six patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant were diagnosed with MODY5. The estimated prevalence of MODY5 in Chinese EOD patients was approximately 0.9% or higher. Conclusion MODY5 is not uncommon in China. The Faguer score is helpful in deciding whether to perform MLPA analysis on patients with negative sequencing results.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to variants of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) (MODY5) has not been well studied in the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and evaluate the application of a clinical screening method (Faguer score) in Chinese early-onset diabetes (EOD) patients. Methods: Among 679 EOD patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age at diagnosis ≤40 years), the exons of HNF1β were sequenced. Functional impact of rare variants was evaluated using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Faguer scores ≥8 prompted multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large deletions. Pathogenicity of HNF1β variants was assessed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results: Two rare HNF1β missense mutations (E105K and G454R) were identified by sequencing in five patients, showing functional impact in vitro. Another patient was found to have a whole-gene deletion by MLPA in 22 patients with the Faguer score above 8. Following ACMG guidelines, six patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant were diagnosed with MODY5. The estimated prevalence of MODY5 in Chinese EOD patients was approximately 0.9% or higher. Conclusion MODY5 is not uncommon in China. The Faguer score is helpful in deciding whether to perform MLPA analysis on patients with negative sequencing results.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to variants of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) (MODY5) has not been well studied in the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and evaluate the application of a clinical screening method (Faguer score) in Chinese early-onset diabetes (EOD) patients. Methods: Among 679 EOD patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age at diagnosis ≤40 years), the exons of HNF1β were sequenced. Functional impact of rare variants was evaluated using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Faguer scores ≥8 prompted multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large deletions. Pathogenicity of HNF1β variants was assessed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results: Two rare HNF1β missense mutations (E105K and G454R) were identified by sequencing in five patients, showing functional impact in vitro. Another patient was found to have a whole-gene deletion by MLPA in 22 patients with the Faguer score above 8. Following ACMG guidelines, six patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant were diagnosed with MODY5. The estimated prevalence of MODY5 in Chinese EOD patients was approximately 0.9% or higher. Conclusion MODY5 is not uncommon in China. The Faguer score is helpful in deciding whether to perform MLPA analysis on patients with negative sequencing results.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to variants of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) (MODY5) has not been well studied in the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and evaluate the application of a clinical screening method (Faguer score) in Chinese early-onset diabetes (EOD) patients. Methods: Among 679 EOD patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age at diagnosis ≤40 years), the exons of HNF1β were sequenced. Functional impact of rare variants was evaluated using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Faguer scores ≥8 prompted multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large deletions. Pathogenicity of HNF1β variants was assessed following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results: Two rare HNF1β missense mutations (E105K and G454R) were identified by sequencing in five patients, showing functional impact in vitro. Another patient was found to have a whole-gene deletion by MLPA in 22 patients with the Faguer score above 8. Following ACMG guidelines, six patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant were diagnosed with MODY5. The estimated prevalence of MODY5 in Chinese EOD patients was approximately 0.9% or higher. Conclusion MODY5 is not uncommon in China. The Faguer score is helpful in deciding whether to perform MLPA analysis on patients with negative sequencing results.

Sarin(GB)is a typical representative of nerve agents with high toxicity,and very low amount can cause death.GB can cause water and atmospheric environment poisoning,so the detection of GB in water and air is of great significance.In this work,a colorimetric sensor array(CSA)based on GB inhibition of cholinesterase activity was constructed to detect GB with high selectivity.A 4×4 colorimetric array was constructed using acetylcholinesterase(AChE),butyryl cholinesterase(BuChE)and the corresponding substrate acetylthiocholine iodide(S-ACh),butyryl thiocholine iodide(S-BCh),acetylcholine chloride(ACh),butyryl choline chloride(BCh)and 2,6-dichloroindophenol ethyl ester(DCIE).The linear curve of the sensor was Y=131.3×lgC+271.6(R2=0.997),where Y was the array response Euclidean distance,C was the concentration of GB(mg/L),the linear range was 0.03?0.32 mg/L,and the detection limit was 27.6 μg/L.The method could effectively distinguish chemical warfare agents(CWA)such as VX,Soman(GD),mustard gas(HD),Louie reagent(L),and had high anti-interference ability,sensitivity and good repeatability.It was successfully applied to the detection of GB in simulated water and simulated air samples,and the sample recovery rate was 97.2% ?100.9%.This method would be potentially applied to the field rapid detection of nerve agents.

The incomplete degradation of tumour cells by macrophages(Mφ)is a contributing factor to tumour progression and metastasis,and the degradation function of Mφ is mediated through phagosomes and lysosomes.In our preliminary experiments,we found that overactivation of NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)reduced the ability of Mφ to degrade engulfed tumour cells.Above this,we screened out liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which can significantly inhibit NOX2 activity and inhibit tumours,to elucidate that suppressing NOX2 can enhance the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells.We found that the tumour environment could activate the NOX2 activity in Mφ phagosomes,causing Mφ to produce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),thus prohibiting the formation of phagolysosomes before degradation.Conversely,inhibiting NOX2 in Mφ by liquiritin can reduce ROS and promote phagosome-lysosome fusion,therefore improving the enzymatic degradation of tumour cells after phagocytosis,and subse-quently promote T cell activity by presenting antigens.We further confirmed that liquiritin down-regulated the expression of the NOX2 specific membrane component protein gp91 phox,blocking its binding to the NOX2 cytoplasmic component proteins p67 phox and p47 phox,thereby inhibiting the activity of NOX2.This study elucidates the specific mechanism by which Mφ cannot degrade tumour cells after phagocytosis,and indicates that liquiritin can promote the ability of Mφ to degrade tumour cells by suppressing NOX2.