Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and medical costs of high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein,simple foam sclerotherapy,and high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy for treating varicose of great saphenous vein.Methods The clinical data of patients with varicose of great saphenous vein undergoing high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein,simple foam sclerotherapy,or high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.The evaluation included efficacy assessment,quality of life evaluation,hospitalization days and costs,postoperative complications,and recurrence after surgery.Results There were no statistical differences in gender,age,disease course and clinical etiology anatomy pathophysiology(CEAP)grading system among the three groups(P＞0.05).The clinical efficacy assessments in all patients among the three groups showed significant effects at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.One patient in the group treated with high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy suffered deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after operation.In terms of quality of life,there was no statistically significant difference in venous clinical severity score(VCSS)among the three groups at 3 months postoperatively(P＞0.05).The group treated with simple foam sclerotherapy showed significantly shorter hospitalization days compared with the other two groups.Additionally,the group treated with simple foam sclerotherapy showed lower hospitalization expenses,which was not statistically significant when compared to the group treated with high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein group(P＞0.05),but there was a statistical difference compared to the group treated with high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are no significant differences in clinical efficacy,postoperative pain,and quality of life evaluation among the three methods.However,simple foam scle-rotherapy may reduce the length of hospitalization stay and direct medical costs.

This paper summarizes the progress of theoretical research and practice of One Health in China,and discusses the paradigm of One Health governance to improve the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China and the world,and provide an example for the improvement of the public health system.In particular,China has long history to apply the concept of One Health in the national schistosomiasis control programmes and patriotic health campaigns,which were not only focusing on human health,but also emphasizing the sustainable development of animal health and ecological environment.At the same time,the application of tools such as system dynamics model,eDNA technology,One Health economic assessment and global One Health index(GOHI)in the field of disease control and environmental health provides technical support for the concept of One Health.Despite the challenges of practical application of these tools,the One Health concept will play a greater role in providing sustainable solutions for human-animal-environmental health by strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration,improving standardization protocols and promoting inter-national cooperation.

Sophorae Flavescentis Radix is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in China, and a large amount of pharmaceutical residue generated during its processing and production is discarded as waste, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, elucidating the chemical composition of the residue of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and the differences between the residue and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix itself is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of the residue. This study, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology combined with multivariate statistical methods, provides a thorough characterization, identification, and differential analysis of the overall components of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its residue. Firstly, 61 compounds in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were rapidly identified based on their precise molecular weight, fragment ions, and compound abundance, using a self-constructed compound database. Among them, 41 compounds were found in the residue, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Secondly, through principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), 15 key compounds differentiating Sophorae Flavescentis Radix from its residue were identified. These included highly polar alkaloids, such as oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine, which showed significantly reduced content in the residue, and less polar flavonoids, such as kurarinone and kuraridin, which were more abundant in the residue. In summary, this paper clarifies the overall composition, structure, and content differences between Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its residue, suggesting that the residue of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix can be used as a raw material for the extraction of its high-activity components, with promising potential for development and application in cosmetics and daily care. This research provides a scientific basis for the future comprehensive utilization of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its residue.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Sophora/chemistry* ; Flavonoids/chemistry* ; Alkaloids/chemistry*

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and depression/anxiety/sleep disturbances (D/A/S) in patients with chronic pain.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at 13 tertiary hospitals across China, enrolling patients who experienced chronic pain between November 2023 and May 2024. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and TCM constitution categories were used to assess the patients. The association between the TCM constitution and the D/A/S ratio was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1107 patients (63.2% women) were analyzed. Compared with those with a balanced constitution, patients who had qi-deficiency and yin-deficiency were at a higher risk of depression. Qi-deficiency and yin-deficiency were associated with anxiety. Sleep disturbances were common in patients with qi-deficiency constitution (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–3.81), yang-deficiency constitution (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.26–2.98), yin-deficiency constitution (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.24–3.32), blood stasis constitution (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.01–4.22), and qi-stagnation constitution (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.35–5.25).ConclusionIn patients with chronic pain, specific TCM constitutions may be associated with D/A/S. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the potential causal relationships between TCM constitution types and these conditions.

Objective To study the association between serum soluble growth stimulating expression factor 2(sST2),N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-probNP),and echocardiographic parameters with myocardial remodeling in patients with heart failure(HF)after acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods A total of 120 patients with HF after AMI admitted to the hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were enrolled.According to the results of echocardiography during a 6-month follow-up,the enrolled patients were divided into a myocardial remodeling group and a non-myocardial remodeling group.Serum sST2,NT-proBNP and echocardio-graphic parameters were compared between groups,and the predictive value on myocardial remodeling was analyzed.Results According to the Killip heart failure classification,the patients were classified into three groups.The sST2,NT-proBNP,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD)and left atrial diameter(LAD)showed progressive increase in the three groups,Killip Ⅱ to Killip Ⅳ(P<0.05).Conversely,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)decreased across the three groups(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis found that high sST2,high NT-proBNP and high LAD were independent risk factors of myocardial remodeling in patients with HF after AMI(P<0.05).ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the nomogram model was 0.82(95%CI:0.71～0.92).Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test of the model indicated that the chi-square value was 3.67(χ2=3.67,P=0.801),and it was considered that basic consistency was exhibited between the fitted probability value and actual probability value.After 1 000 times of Bootstrap repeated sampling,the calibration curve was drawn and found that the calibration curve had good consistency with the actual curve,and both were close to the ideal curve.Decision curve displayed that the net benefit of patients was higher than that of the other two extreme curves,and when the threshold probability was between 0.16 and 0.94,the model could produce better clinical benefits.Conclusion The nomogram prediction model based on serum sST2,NT-proBNP and echo-cardiographic parameters has high predictive value on myocardial remodeling in HF patients after AMI.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and medical costs of high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein,simple foam sclerotherapy,and high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy for treating varicose of great saphenous vein.Methods The clinical data of patients with varicose of great saphenous vein undergoing high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein,simple foam sclerotherapy,or high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.The evaluation included efficacy assessment,quality of life evaluation,hospitalization days and costs,postoperative complications,and recurrence after surgery.Results There were no statistical differences in gender,age,disease course and clinical etiology anatomy pathophysiology(CEAP)grading system among the three groups(P＞0.05).The clinical efficacy assessments in all patients among the three groups showed significant effects at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.One patient in the group treated with high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy suffered deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after operation.In terms of quality of life,there was no statistically significant difference in venous clinical severity score(VCSS)among the three groups at 3 months postoperatively(P＞0.05).The group treated with simple foam sclerotherapy showed significantly shorter hospitalization days compared with the other two groups.Additionally,the group treated with simple foam sclerotherapy showed lower hospitalization expenses,which was not statistically significant when compared to the group treated with high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein group(P＞0.05),but there was a statistical difference compared to the group treated with high ligation of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are no significant differences in clinical efficacy,postoperative pain,and quality of life evaluation among the three methods.However,simple foam scle-rotherapy may reduce the length of hospitalization stay and direct medical costs.

This paper summarizes the progress of theoretical research and practice of One Health in China,and discusses the paradigm of One Health governance to improve the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China and the world,and provide an example for the improvement of the public health system.In particular,China has long history to apply the concept of One Health in the national schistosomiasis control programmes and patriotic health campaigns,which were not only focusing on human health,but also emphasizing the sustainable development of animal health and ecological environment.At the same time,the application of tools such as system dynamics model,eDNA technology,One Health economic assessment and global One Health index(GOHI)in the field of disease control and environmental health provides technical support for the concept of One Health.Despite the challenges of practical application of these tools,the One Health concept will play a greater role in providing sustainable solutions for human-animal-environmental health by strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration,improving standardization protocols and promoting inter-national cooperation.

Objective To study the association between serum soluble growth stimulating expression factor 2(sST2),N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-probNP),and echocardiographic parameters with myocardial remodeling in patients with heart failure(HF)after acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods A total of 120 patients with HF after AMI admitted to the hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were enrolled.According to the results of echocardiography during a 6-month follow-up,the enrolled patients were divided into a myocardial remodeling group and a non-myocardial remodeling group.Serum sST2,NT-proBNP and echocardio-graphic parameters were compared between groups,and the predictive value on myocardial remodeling was analyzed.Results According to the Killip heart failure classification,the patients were classified into three groups.The sST2,NT-proBNP,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD)and left atrial diameter(LAD)showed progressive increase in the three groups,Killip Ⅱ to Killip Ⅳ(P<0.05).Conversely,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)decreased across the three groups(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis found that high sST2,high NT-proBNP and high LAD were independent risk factors of myocardial remodeling in patients with HF after AMI(P<0.05).ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the nomogram model was 0.82(95%CI:0.71～0.92).Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test of the model indicated that the chi-square value was 3.67(χ2=3.67,P=0.801),and it was considered that basic consistency was exhibited between the fitted probability value and actual probability value.After 1 000 times of Bootstrap repeated sampling,the calibration curve was drawn and found that the calibration curve had good consistency with the actual curve,and both were close to the ideal curve.Decision curve displayed that the net benefit of patients was higher than that of the other two extreme curves,and when the threshold probability was between 0.16 and 0.94,the model could produce better clinical benefits.Conclusion The nomogram prediction model based on serum sST2,NT-proBNP and echo-cardiographic parameters has high predictive value on myocardial remodeling in HF patients after AMI.

The abuse and irrational use of antibiotics in human veterinary medicine has seriously endangered the ecological environment and human health.In this study,a fully automatic solid-phase disk extraction-stable isotope dilution-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of 17 kinds of sulfonamides antibiotics(SAs)in water was established,which was then applied to determination of SAs in real samples including tap water,river water and seawater,respectively.Meanwhile,the residual characteristics were discussed and the ecological risks were assessed.With this method,1.0 L water sample with 0.5 g/L Na2EDTA(pH=3)was extracted and enriched by 3M SDB-XC disk,and eluted by 10 mL of mixture of methanol and acetone(1:1,V/V),and the pretreatment time of the sample was about 60 min per six samples.Under the optimized conditions,the linearity of the method for detection of 17 kinds of SAs ranged from 0.05 to 100 μg/L,with correlation coefficients(R2)>0.999.In addition,the detection limits(S/N=3)were as low as 0.012-0.052 ng/L,and the recoveries were in the range of 76%-110%,with relative standard deviations of 0.5%-9.6%(n=5).The results showed that no SAs was detected in tap water,while 3 and 9 kinds of SAs were detected in river water of Zhoushan,and seawater of Wenzhou Sea area in Zhejiang province,respectively.The total concentrations of the detected SAs were 0.875-21.826 ng/L and 1.024-20.768 ng/L in river water and seawater,respectively,and among which,sulfamethoxazole(SMX)was the predominant compound in river water and seawater,accounting for 81%and 74%of the total SAs,respectively.The ecological risk assessment showed that the risk quotients of the detected SAs in the river water and seawater in the study area for the three kinds of trophic organisms(algae,Daphnia and fish)were far less than 0.01,meaning that the ecological risk was low.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with 613 cases of neonatal asphyxia treated in 20 cooperative hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January to December 2019 as the asphyxia group, and 988 randomly selected non-asphyxia neonates born and admitted to the neonatology department of these hospitals during the same period as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for neonatal asphyxia. R software (4.2.2) was used to establish a nomogram model. Receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, respectively. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that minority (Tujia), male sex, premature birth, congenital malformations, abnormal fetal position, intrauterine distress, maternal occupation as a farmer, education level below high school, fewer than 9 prenatal check-ups, threatened abortion, abnormal umbilical cord, abnormal amniotic fluid, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, emergency caesarean section, and assisted delivery were independent risk factors for neonatal asphyxia (P<0.05). The area under the curve of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia based on these risk factors was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.723-0.772). The calibration curve indicated high accuracy of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. The decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide a higher net benefit for neonates at risk of asphyxia. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture are multifactorial, and the nomogram model based on these factors has good value in predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, which can help clinicians identify neonates at high risk of asphyxia early, and reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Nomograms ; Retrospective Studies ; Cesarean Section ; Risk Factors ; Asphyxia Neonatorum/etiology*