ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis* ; Death, Sudden/etiology*

Objective:To explore the effectiveness, safety and cost between urinary follicle stimulating hormone (uFSH) and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in China.Methods:Data were collected from 16 reproductive centers in China covering oocytes collection time from May 1, 2015 to June 30, 2018. Eligible patients were over 18 years old, adopting COS with uFSH (uFSH group) or rFSH (rFSH group) as start gonadotropins (Gn), and using in vitro fertilization (IVF) and (or) intracytoplasmic sperm injection for fertilisation, excluding frozen embryo recovery cycle. Generalised estimating equation was used to address the violation of independency assumption between cycles due to multiple IVF cycles for one person and clustering nature of cycles carried out within one center. Controlling variables included age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, cause of infertility, ovulation protocol, type of fertilisation, number of embryos transferred, number of days of Gn use.Results:Totally 102 061 cycles met eligibility criteria and were included in the analyses. In terms of effectiveness, after controlling relevant unbalanced baseline characteristics, compared with rFSH group, the high oocyte retrieval (>15 oocytes was considered high retrieval) rate of uFSH group significantly decreased in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol ( OR=0.642, P<0.01) and in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol ( OR=0.556, P=0.001), but the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer cycle and the live birth rate per transfer cycle significantly increased ( OR=1.179, OR=1.169, both P<0.01) in both agonist and antagonist protocols. For safety, multiple analysis result demonstrated that in the agonist protocol, compared with rFSH group, the incidence of moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome of uFSH group significantly decreased ( OR=0.644, P=0.002). The differences in ectopic pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate between the uFSH and rFSH groups were not significant ( P=0.890, P=0.470) in all patients. In terms of cost, compared with rFSH group, the uFSH group had lower total Gn costs for each patient ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For patients who underwent COS, uFSH has better safety, and economic profiles over rFSH in China.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction mostly relies on the experience of surgeons. To improve the effectiveness and adaptability of the tension after ACL reconstruction in knee joint rehabilitation, this paper establishes a lateral force measurement model with relaxation characteristics and designs an on-line stiffness measurement system of ACL. In this paper, we selected 20 sheep knee joints as experimental material for the knee joint stability test before the ACL reconstruction operation, which were divided into two groups for a comparative test of single-bundle ACL reconstruction through the anterolateral approach. The first group of surgeons carried out intraoperative detection with routine procedures. The second group used ACL on-line stiffness measurement system for intraoperative detection. After that, the above two groups were tested for postoperative stability. The study results show that the tension accuracy is (- 2.3 ± 0.04)%, and the displacement error is (1.5 ± 1.8)%. The forward stability, internal rotation stability, and external rotation stability of the two groups were better than those before operation (
Animals ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Joint Instability/surgery* ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotation ; Sheep

China ; Humans ; Otolaryngology

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the long-term outcome of convex epiphysiodesis in the treatment for congenital scoliosis (CS). METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients with hemivertebral deformity undergoing convex epiphysiodesis from the October 1998 to Febuary 2008 were respectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 10 females. The whole spine anteroposterior radiographs were taken preoperatively, at 3-month postoperatively and at the final follow-up to measure the main curve and the compensatory curve. The progression rate was calculated for each patient. Observing the correlation between the progression rate and annual progression of the scoliosis and age, gender, hemivertebral number, hemivertebral position, preoperative main curve Cobb angle and compensatory curve Cobb angle, comparing different ages, genders, hemivertebral number and position, and preoperative main curve Cobb angle on the progression of postoperative curve. RESULTS: The mean Cobb angle of main curve changed from (40.5±9.8) ° before surgery to (39.5±11.1) ° at 3 months after surgery, which significantly increased to (46.8±13.9) ° in the final follow-up. Meanwhile the mean Cobb angle of compensatory curve was changed from (20.1±10.8) ° before surgery to (23.0±11.1) °, which significantly increased to (29.9±11.5) ° in the final follow-up. There were no significant differences in the Cobb angle of the main curve and the compensatory curve between postoperative 3 months and before operation (>0.05). The difference between the final follow-up and the preoperative, postoperative 3 months was statistically significant (<0.01). Twenty patients experienced progression of both main curve and compensatory curve, with a mean progression rate of (19.2±17.9)% for main curve and (39.6±37.0)% for compensatory curve. The annual progression volume was (1.5± 1.4) ° for main curve and (1.4±1.3) ° for compensatory curve. Three patients underwent lateral convex orthopedic internal fixation due to postoperative scoliosis progression. The curve progression was significantly correlated with age at the time of surgery and hemivertebral number. There was a significant correlation between the age of the operation, the main curve angle, the preoperative compensatory curve angle and the annual progression volume of the main curve (<0.05). CONCLUSION The convex epiphysiodesis technique cannot effectively prevent curve progression of CS patients in the long-term follow-up. It is not recommended to apply this technique to the treatment of patients with congenital hemivertebrae.

Acute myocardial ischemia is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death.The diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia is a hot point in forensic medicine,which is also an early and important part for a prevention against myocardial infarction.This paper conducts a comprehensive discussion of the structure,function,clinical value and forensic medicine application prospect of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP),aiming to determine whether the two proteins can be used as biochemical detection indicators of early myocardial ischemia for the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death in forensic medicine.

Objective To explore the application value and forensic significance of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in pericardial fluid to diagnose sudden cardiac death.Methods IMA level in pericardial fluid was detected in acute ischemic heart disease group (n=36),acute myocardial infarction group (n=6),cardiomyopathy group (n=4) and control group (n=15) by albumin cobalt binding method.The levels of IMA were compared among these groups.The best cut-off IMA value was estimated and the sensitivity and specificity of acute myocardial ischemia group was distinguished from control group by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results The IMA level in acute ischemic heart disease group was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05).Compared with acute myocardial infarction group and cardiomyopathy group,the IMA level in acute ischemic heart disease group had no significant difference (P＜0.05).The cut-off value for the identification of acute myocardial ischemia which obtained by ROC analysis was 40.65U/mL.And the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing acute ischemia cardiac disease was 60.0％ and 80.5％,respectively.Conclusion The IMA value in pericardial fluid can be a reference marker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia,which also can provide objective basis for the forensic identification of sudden cardiac death.

Objective To observe the relationship between CYP3A4 * 1G genetic polymorphism with calcineurin inhibitor(CNI)-induced chronic nphrotoxicity in Chinese population.Methods Blood samples and clinical data were collected from 200 Chinese patients with CNI drug-induced chronic nephrotoxicity as treatment group and 200 Chinese kidney allograft recipients without chronic nephrotoxicity as the control.DNA was extracted from the blood samples of patients in two groups,and the frequencies of CYP3A4 * 1G genotypes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The relationship between the polymorphisms of CYP3A4 * 1G and the CNI drug-induced chronic nephrotoxicity was analyzed.Results The frequencies of the 3 gene types CYP3A4 * 1G RsaI 1/1,1/1G,and 1G/1G were 51％ (102/200),34.5％ (69/200) and 14.5％ (29/200) respectively in patients with CNI drug-induced chronic nephrotoxicity (treatment group),and49.5％ (99/200),45％ (90/200),and5.5％ (11/200) respectively in the control group.A statistical difference was found between the cases and the control (P ＜ 0.05,OR =2.914,95％ CI =1.41-6.01).Conclusion The polymorphism of CYP3A4 * 1 G/* 1G remained a significant independent risk factor for CNIs drug-induced chronic nephrotoxicity after kidney allograft.

According to the research strategy of resource chemistry of Chinese medicinal materials and Chinese medicinal resources recycling utilization, this study intends to explore the potential resource-oriented utilization value of the seed of Sophora flavescens by contrasting with its kindred plant S. alopecuroides. This study established a rapid UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method to determine the alkaloids in the seed of S. flavescens. Results of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis showed that the alkaloids in the seed of S. flavescens were highly similar with S. alopecuroides.In the determination of 7 kinds of alkaloids, the total content was 11.203 and 15.506 mg•g⁻¹ in the seed of S. flavescens and S. alopecuroides, respectively. The content of oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine and sophoridine is high in the seed of S. flavescens. The results indicated that the seeds of S. flavescens. could be an important material resource to obtain alkaloids.