Neurological disorders such as post-stroke hemiplegia, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson disease represent a major global health burden. Brain-computer interface (BCI), which creates direct communication pathways between the nervous system and external devices, offers a promising strategy for functional restoration. The long-term efficacy of such BCI fundamentally depends on the performance of biomaterials at the neural interface. Ideal materials must concurrently satisfy biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, enduring chemical stability, and mechanical compatibility with brain tissue. This review systematically outlines the application of conductive polymers, inorganic nanomaterials, natural biomaterials, and composites in BCI, with a focus on how advanced designs, such as bionic and encapsulated electrodes, improve signal fidelity and surgical feasibility through structural innovation. It further summarizes key material-modification techniques and analyzes the complex foreign-body response orchestrated by microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. Finally, it provides insights into future research directions and clinical translation of BCI-based neurorehabilitation, while highlighting critical challenges including long-term biosafety and the establishment of standardized evaluation frameworks, aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory innovation and effective clinical deployment.

Drug resistance is one of the key factors affecting the effectiveness of cancer treatment methods, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Its occurrence is related to factors such as mRNA expression and methylation within cancer cells. If drug resistance in patients can be accurately identified early, doctors can devise more effective treatment plans, which is of great significance for improving patients' survival rates and quality of life. Cancer drug resistance prediction based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology has emerged as a current research hotspot, demonstrating promising application prospects in guiding clinical individualized and precise medication for cancer patients. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the research progress in utilizing AI algorithms to analyze multi-omics data including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, radiomics, and histopathology, for predicting cancer drug resistance. It provides a detailed exposition of the processes involved in data processing and model construction, examines the current challenges faced in this field and future development directions, with the aim of better advancing the progress of precision medicine.

Gene regulation relies on the precise binding of transcription factors (TFs) at regulatory elements, but simultaneously detecting hundreds of TFs on chromatin is challenging. We developed cFOOT-seq, a cytosine deaminase-based TF footprinting assay, for high-resolution, quantitative genome-wide assessment of TF binding in both open and closed chromatin regions, even with small cell numbers. By utilizing the dsDNA deaminase SsdAtox, cFOOT-seq converts accessible cytosines to uracil while preserving genomic integrity, making it compatible with techniques like ATAC-seq for sensitive and cost-effective detection of TF occupancy at the single-molecule and single-cell level. Our approach enables the delineation of TF footprints, quantification of occupancy, and examination of chromatin influences on TF binding. Notably, cFOOT-seq, combined with FootTrack analysis, enables de novo prediction of TF binding sites and tracking of TF occupancy dynamics. We demonstrate its application in capturing cell type-specific TFs, analyzing TF dynamics during reprogramming, and revealing TF dependencies on chromatin remodelers. Overall, cFOOT-seq represents a robust approach for investigating the genome-wide dynamics of TF occupancy and elucidating the cis-regulatory architecture underlying gene regulation.
Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Humans ; Chromatin/genetics* ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Mice ; DNA Footprinting/methods*

OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health concern in northwest China; however, the impact of particulate matter (PM) exposure during sand-dust storms (SDS) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PM exposure on SDS days and COPD hospitalization risk in arid regions. METHODS: Data on daily COPD hospitalizations were collected from 323 hospitals from 2018 to 2022, along with the corresponding air pollutant and meteorological data for each city in Gansu Province. Employing a space-time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional Poisson regression, we analyzed 265,379 COPD hospitalizations. RESULTS: PM exposure during SDS days significantly increased COPD hospitalization risk [relative risk ( RR) for PM _2.5, lag 3:1.028, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.021-1.034], particularly among men and the elderly, and during the cold season. The burden of PM exposure on COPD hospitalization was substantially high in Northwest China, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a positive correlation between PM exposure during SDS episodes and elevated hospitalization rates for COPD in arid and semi-arid zones in China. This highlights the urgency of developing region-specific public health strategies to address adverse respiratory outcomes associated with SDS-related air quality deterioration.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/chemically induced* ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Adult ; Sand ; Air Pollution

Objective To investigate the feasibility of parallel capillary bundle arrays for physiomimetic impedance modeling and establish a parametric quantification framework,thereby providing a customizable impedance characterization methodology for diverse in-vitro mock circulation researches.Methods Based on the parallel flow resistance and Poiseuille equation,a tube resistance element with multiple parallel-aligned capillary glass tubes was designed and fabricated.The resistance values of the capillary-bundle and a ball valve were measured through constant flow experiments analogous to electrical resistance measurement method.Moreover,a simple lumped-parameter mock circulation loop was constructed and the pressure and flow rate for each node of the loop were measured under different input flow waveforms.An 0D-Windkessel model corresponding to the experiment was developed.The impedance and compliance were adjusted to match the simulated and experimental pressure and flow waveforms.The accuracy of the capillary bundle impedance in pulsatile experiments was verified by using the computational resistance values.Results The constant-flow impedance calibration experiments revealed that the capillary bundle impedance remained unaffected by flow rate variations over a wide flow range.When the capillary bundle impedance was integrated into the pulsatile circulatory system and the same impedance value obtained from the constant-flow calibration was applied in the computational model,the resulting pressure and flow waveforms showed good agreement with those measured in the pulsatile experiments.However,when the ball valves with nominally identical impedance values were inserted in the pulsatile system,the calculated impedance exhibited a two-fold difference,and significant discrepancies were observed between the simulated and experimental terminal flow waveforms.Conclusions The capillary bundle impedance maintains a constant value regardless of flow rate variations.Once the calibrated resistance value is determined through constant flow experiments,it can be directly applied to pulsatile systems.This approach can provide quantitative pulsatile flow conditions for testing various medical devices.

Objective:A method was first established for determination simultaneously of 12 elements including B,Al,Si,As,Cd,Hg,Pb,Co,Ni,V,Cu and Sb in phloroglucinol injection,and investigate the elemental impuri-ty content of commercially available phloroglucinol injection.Methods:Samples were digested with microwave-as-sisted acid and determined by inductively coupled plasma chromatography(ICP-MS).Results:This method has a good linear relationship.The average recovery rate was range from 88.9％-100.4％.The repeatability RSD were range from 0.6％-5.8％,and the precision RSD were between 0.4％-8.1％.The methodological validation meets the requirements.B,Al,Si,As,Cd,Co,Ni,V,Cu were detected to varying degrees in 9 batches of sam-ples,and there were significant differences in content among different enterprises.The sources of elemental impuri-ties were deeply explored in combination with the production process,medicinal property and pharmaceutical packa-ging material.Conclusion:The new established method has strong specificity,high accuracy,reliable results,and can be used as a quality evaluation method for elemental impurities in phloroglucinol injection.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive technique in the treatment of moderate and severe gluteal muscle contracture. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 85 patients (170 sides) with bilateral gluteal muscle contracture admitted from January 2016 to December 2019. All patients were treated with minimally invasive release of tendon knife. There were 32 males and 53 females, ranging in age from 15 to 37 years old, with an average age of (22.3±6.3) years old. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, first postoperative ambulation time, complication rate, recurrence rate, and Harris hip score (HHS) were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS: The average follow-up time was (16.2±4.6) months, ranging from 12 to 30 months. The operation time ranged from 7 to 15 min, with an average of (10.2±3.1) min. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 2 to 20 ml, with an average of (8.4±2.2) ml. The incision length ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 cm, with an average of (0.8±0.3) cm. The time to postoperative ambulation ranged from 12 to 28 h, with an average of (20.0±3.2) h. All patients achieved primary wound healing without sciatic nerve injury or recurrence. HHS hip function scores ranged from 90 to 98, with an average score of (96.2±1.4). Complications included intraoperative tendon blade tip fracture in two cases (removed under fluoroscopic guidance) and subcutaneous hematoma in three cases-two resolved with compression and one with open evacuation.. Twenty-nine patients exhibited transient swaying gait postoperatively, of which 24 patients returned to normal after 4 weeks and 5 patients returned to normal after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive tendon blade release is a safe and effective technique for treating gluteal muscle contracture, offering minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. However, it exhibits a low risk of blade tip fracture and sciatic nerve injury, warranting experienced surgical handling.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Buttocks/surgery* ; Young Adult ; Contracture/surgery* ; Tendons/surgery* ; Muscle, Skeletal/surgery*

Standard pancreatic resection procedures, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and total pancreatectomy are widely used to treat pancrea-tic lesions. However, these procedures involve extensive removal of pancreatic tissue and adjacent organs, often leading to a significant decline in patients′ long-term quality of life. Therefore, for some benign pancreatic lesions and low-grade malignant tumors, organ-sparing pancreatectomy is now recommended. This approach includes enucleation, central pancreatectomy, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, or duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. These operations aim to com-pletely remove the pancreatic lesion while preserving as much healthy pancreatic tissue and surro-unding organs as possible. Maintaining the digestive tract′s anatomical and physiological integrity reduces the risk of postoperative endocrine and exocrine insufficiency, ultimately improving long-term outcomes. Along with the rise of minimally invasive techniques, robotic organ-sparing pancrea-tectomy is increasingly adopted in clinical practice, offering distinct advantages. The authors high-light the main surgical techniques in robotic organ-sparing pancreatectomy and examine their clini-cal applications, aiming to enhance surgeons′ correct understanding of the concept of robotic organ-sparing pancreatectomy and assist in the rational selection of robotic organ-sparing pancreatectomy surgical methods during the treatment process.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of parallel capillary bundle arrays for physiomimetic impedance modeling and establish a parametric quantification framework,thereby providing a customizable impedance characterization methodology for diverse in-vitro mock circulation researches.Methods Based on the parallel flow resistance and Poiseuille equation,a tube resistance element with multiple parallel-aligned capillary glass tubes was designed and fabricated.The resistance values of the capillary-bundle and a ball valve were measured through constant flow experiments analogous to electrical resistance measurement method.Moreover,a simple lumped-parameter mock circulation loop was constructed and the pressure and flow rate for each node of the loop were measured under different input flow waveforms.An 0D-Windkessel model corresponding to the experiment was developed.The impedance and compliance were adjusted to match the simulated and experimental pressure and flow waveforms.The accuracy of the capillary bundle impedance in pulsatile experiments was verified by using the computational resistance values.Results The constant-flow impedance calibration experiments revealed that the capillary bundle impedance remained unaffected by flow rate variations over a wide flow range.When the capillary bundle impedance was integrated into the pulsatile circulatory system and the same impedance value obtained from the constant-flow calibration was applied in the computational model,the resulting pressure and flow waveforms showed good agreement with those measured in the pulsatile experiments.However,when the ball valves with nominally identical impedance values were inserted in the pulsatile system,the calculated impedance exhibited a two-fold difference,and significant discrepancies were observed between the simulated and experimental terminal flow waveforms.Conclusions The capillary bundle impedance maintains a constant value regardless of flow rate variations.Once the calibrated resistance value is determined through constant flow experiments,it can be directly applied to pulsatile systems.This approach can provide quantitative pulsatile flow conditions for testing various medical devices.

This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves(TFHL)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in rat intestinal epithelial(IEC-6)cells,as well as the underlying mechanisms.An in vitro inflam-mation model was first established by treating IEC-6 cells with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).IEC-6 cells were then incubated with three concentrations of TFHL for 24 h prior to a further 24 h LPS treatment.RT-qPCR was used to quantify mRNA levels of the inflammatory genes COX-2 and iN-OS,while Western blotting was used to assess protein levels of the apoptotic markers Bax,cleaved Caspase-3,Bcl-2,and the JNK/p-JNK signaling pathway.Finally,cells were pretreated with TFHL and/or the JNK inhibitor SP600125 for 24 h before LPS exposure for 24 h,in order to evaluate the combined effects of TFHL and SP600125 on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptotic protein levels in IEC-6 cells.The results showed that,compared with the LPS group,the mRNA level of COX-2 and iNOS in the 2.5,5.0,10.0 mg/L TFHL group and the Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and the Bcl-2 protein level was significantly higher(P＜0.01),p-JNK protein level and p-JNK/JNK ratio decreased significantly(P＜0.01);compared with the LPS group,the COX-2 and iNOS mRNA levels of the TFHL+LPS group de-creased significantly(P＜0.01),Bax,and Caspase-3 protein levels decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and the level of Bcl-2 protein increased significantly(P＜0.05);compared with the LPS group,the COX-2 and iNOS mRNA levels of the TFHL+SP600125 group decreased significantly(P＜0.01),Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and Bcl-2 protein level increased significantly(P＜0.01).These findings indicate that TFHL exerts anti-inflammato-ry and anti-apoptotic effects in LPS-challenged IEC-6 cells by inhibiting the JNK signaling path-way.