This study elucidates the mechanism of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma(RCRR) in protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD) injury and reveals the modern pharmacological mechanism of RCRR's traditional use in nourishing Qi and promoting blood circulation to protect endothelial cells. The scratch assay was employed to assess the migratory capacity of endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques were employed to assess the protein expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1(ZO-1), occludin, claudin-5, and proteins of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta(GSK3β) pathway. The results demonstrated that 63 bioactive components and 125 potential core targets of RCRR were identified from the ETCM, TCMBank, and SwissTargetPrediction databases, as well as from the literature. A total of 1 708 brain microvascular endothelial cell-related targets were identified from the GeneCards and OMIM databases, and 52 targets were obtained by intersecting drug components with cell targets. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network analysis revealed that AKT1, epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG), GSK3β, and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2) were considered hub genes. The KEGG enrichment analysis identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as the primary signaling pathway. Cell experiments demonstrated that RCRR-containing serum could enhance the migratory capacity of brain microvascular endothelial cells and the expression of tight junction proteins following OGD injury, which may be associated with the downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. This study elucidates the pharmacological mechanism of RCRR in protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells through network pharmacology, characterized by multiple components and targets. These findings were validated through in vitro experiments and provide important ideas and references for further research into the molecular mechanisms of RCRR in protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Endothelial Cells/cytology* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Microvessels/metabolism* ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogen composition and clinical features of preterm infants with sepsis, and to provide a basis for early identification and treatment of sepsis in preterm infants. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 371 preterm infants with sepsis who had a positive blood culture between January 2014 and May 2018. According to the time of onset, the preterm infants were divided into an early-onset group (an age of onset of <7 days) with 73 preterm infants and a late-onset group (an age of onset of ≥7 days) with 298 preterm infants. The two groups were compared in terms of pathogen composition and clinical features (initial symptoms, laboratory examination results at the time of onset, comorbidities, and prognosis). RESULTS: There was a higher proportion of infants with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in the late-onset group (P<0.05), while there was a higher proportion of infants with Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae or Listeria infection in the early-onset group (P<0.05). The early-onset group had a significantly higher proportion of infants with dyspnea than the late-onset group (P<0.05). Compared with the late-onset group, the early-onset group had significantly shorter time to negative conversion of blood culture, duration of antibiotic use before infection, and indwelling time of deep venous catheterization (P<0.05), and the late-onset group had a significantly higher incidence rate of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis than the early-onset group (P<0.05). The early-onset group had a significantly higher rate of treatment withdrawal than the late-onset group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preterm infants with sepsis lack typical clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results at the time of onset. There are certain differences in pathogen composition and clinical features between preterm infants with early- and late-onset sepsis. Possible pathogens for sepsis should be considered based on age in days at the time of onset and related clinical features.
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Streptococcus agalactiae

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression changes of human galectin 3(Gal-3)in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing emergency PCI and to assess the relationship between Gal-3 level and myocardial infarction range,coronary thrombotic load and ventricular remodeling.METHODS: Totally 62 patients with AMI who underwent emergency PCI in the department of cardiology of our hospital from January to August of 2018 were selected. Blood samples were taken for Gal-3 determination immediately after admission, 3 and 5 days after PCI. Troponin I was measured in 24 hours after PCI.Echocardiography was completed 24 hours after PCI. The patients were divided into three groups according to the results of coronary angiography: the single-vessel disease group, the two-vessel disease group and the three-vessel disease or the left main disease group.Gensini cumulative index was calculated. According to the imaging of coronary angiography, the coronary thrombus load was divided into 0-5 grades. The changes of Gal-3 level on admission to hospital,and at 3 and 5 days after PCI were analyzed and their relationship with troponin, coronary artery diseaseand thrombus load was analyzed.RESULTS: 1. Gal-3 levels were gradually reduced on admission, at 3 days after PCI and 5 days after PCI,which were respectively(93.38 ± 9.37)ng/L,(82.76 ± 7.43)ng/L and(72.71 ± 7.58)ng/L, and there were statistically significant differences among the three groups(F=99.17,P<0.001). 2. There was no difference among singlevessel disease group, and the two-vessel disease group,the three-vessel disease group in Gal-3 levels on admission, 3 days after PCI and 5 days after PCI(P>0.05). No correlation was found between Gal-3 levels and Gensini cumulative index(P>0.05). 3. The patients were divided into the group with thrombus level 0(T0 group)and the group with thrombus level 1-5(T1-5 group). Compared to the T0 group,the admission level of Gal-3 was significantly higher in the T1-5 group,which was(95.6±7.31)g/L vs.(89.62±11.3)ng/L,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.014). Similarly, the Gal-3 level of the T1-5 group was significantly higher than that of the T0 group on the 3 days after PCI and 5 days after PCI(P=0.017,P=0.006). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of Gal-3 on admission, 3 days after PCI and 5 days after PCI were all positively correlated with troponin I(CTNI)at 24 hours after PCI;there was a negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).CONCLUSION: Gal-3 is released in the acute phase of AMI,and decreases gradually within 5 days after emergency PCI. The level of Gal-3 is associated with the coronary thrombus load in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The heavier the thrombus load, the higher level the Gal-3. Gal-3 level is positively correlated with the extent of myocardial infarction, and negatively correlated with LVEF, reflecting that Gal-3 is involved in ventricular remodeling after actue myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of early application of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on white matter development in preterm infants using fractional anisotropy (FA) of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

METHODSA total of 81 preterm infants with gestational age ≤32 weeks, birth weight <1 500 g, and hospitalization within 24 hours after birth were randomly divided into rhEPO group (42 infants) and control group (39 infants). The infants in the rhEPO group were administered rhEPO, while those in the control group were given the same volume of normal saline. The preterm infants of both groups took examinations of head magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and DTI at the corrected gestational age of 35-37 weeks. FA was calculated for the regions of interest in both groups.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, focal cerebral white matter damage (CWMD), and extensive CWMD between rhEPO and control groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the rhEPO group showed higher FA values at the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the splenium of the corpus callosum, frontal white matter, and occipital white matter (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FA values at the parietal white matter, thalamus, lenticular nucleus, and caudate nucleus between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEarly application of rhEPO has a neuroprotective effect on white matter development in preterm infants.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; White Matter ; drug effects ; growth & development

Objective To explore the treatment effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) for patients with insomnia.Methods Two hundred and forty-one cases of insomnia were collected in the department of Sleep and Neurology Psychological in D aping Hospital and Field Surgery Research Institute of Army Medical University from March 2016 to June 2017.They were randomly divided into GCBT group (n=128) and pharmacotherapy group (n=113),and the treatment last for 8 weeks for each group.Then the differences of the sleep parameters,Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores,Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)scores and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores were compared in two groups at per-treatment,four-week treatment time point and eight-week treatment time point.Results At the four week treatment time point,the differences of sleep onset latency (SOL),total sleep time (TST),time in bed (TIB),number of awakenings (NOA) and insomnia severity index (ISI) in GCBT group compared to pharmacotherapy group were statistically significant (P＜0.05).While the differences of sleep efficiency (SE),HAMA and HAMD were of no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).At the eight week treatment time point,the differences of SOL,SE,NOA,HAMA,HAMD and ISI in GCBT group compared to pharmacotherapy group were statistically significant (P＜0.05),and there is no significant difference in TST and TIB (P＞0.05).Conclusion GCBT and pharmacotherapy can improve insomnia symptoms,reduce the level of anxiety and insomnia severity.GCBT can also reduce the level of depression,although GCBT improve insomnia symptoms were slower than pharmacotherapy,but curative cffect is superior to pharmacotherapy,and it should be popularized in clinic.

Objective To investigate the effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide(NBP)on proliferation and apoptosis of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP +)-induced SH-SY5Y cells, and mechanisms via mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling pathway. Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,MPP+group,NBP group and URMC-099 group,that cultured normally,with 1 mmol/L MPP+for 24 hours,with 10μmol/L NBP for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,and with 200 nmol/L MLK3 inhibitor URMC-099 for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,respectively.The morphology of SH-SY5Y cells was observed under inverted phase contrast mi-croscope and the survival rate was measured with 3-(4,5-Cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays.The apoptosis was quantified under flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI fluorescence staining,and the nuclear morphology was observed with Hoechst 33342 staining.The expression of phosphorylated protein of MLK3(p-MLK3),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK),extra cellular regulated protein ki-nases(p-ERK1/2)were detected with Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the survival rate reduced and apoptosis in-creased in MPP+group(P<0.05),with the increase of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and decrease of p-ERK1/2 d(P<0.05).Compared with MPP+group,the survival rate increased and apoptosis reduced in both NBP and URMC-099 groups(P<0.05),with the decrease of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and increase of p-ERK1/2(P<0.05).Conclusion NBP can decrease the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in-duced by MPP+,which may be associated with inhibiting MLK3 signaling pathway,and regulating the downstream p-JNK and p-ERK1/2.

Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Splenic Artery ; pathology

Objective:To evaluate the qualitative and localization diagnostic value of PET/CT in chronic sternal median incision infection after heart surgery and the guiding function of PET/CT image in debridement .Methods:Twenty‐one patients with chronic sternal median incision infection admitted to our hospital from February 2015 to December 2015 underwent PET/CT examinations within one week prior to surgery were selected .Detection of extent of sternal wound infection and localization diagnoses of costal chondritis were conducted by using PET/CT and CT ,and the results were compared with the diagnosis results during surgery .The qualitative and localization diagnostic value of PET/CT in chronic sternal median incision infection were evaluated .Debridement was guided by the PET/CT images .Patients were followed up for 6‐16 months after operation ,and the debridement and reconstructive surgery effect on chronic sternal median incision infection was evaluated . Results:There were 20 cases of sternal osteomyelitis ,18 cases of mediastinitis ,and 9 cases of costal chondritis .Accuracies of PET/CT in above diagnoses were all 100% .Sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,and accuracy of PET/CT in localizing involved costal cartilages were 85 .71% ,99 .74% ,96 .00% ,98 .99% ,and 98 .81% , respectively .Sensitivity , negative predictive value , and accuracy of PET/CT in localizing involved costal cartilages were significantlyhigherthanthoseofCT(Pvalueswere0.002,0.008,and0.01).Curerateofpatientswithcostalchondritisafter first debridement operation was 85 .7% .Conclusions:PET/CT is of high accuracy in qualitative diagnosis and localization compared with CT in chronic sternal median incision infection after heart surgery , which is promising in guidance of debridement operation .

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of bone setting manipulation for the treatment of over degree II supination-eversion fractures of ankle,and analyze manipulative reduction mechanism.

METHODSFrom 2005 to 2008, 95 patients with over degree II supination-eversion fractures of ankle were treated respectively by manipulation and operation. There were 43 cases [11 males and 32 females with an average age of (44.95 +/- 12.65) years] in manipulation group, and 2 cases were degree II, 11 cases were degree III, and 30 cases were degree IV. There were 52 cases [21 males and 31 females with an average age of (39.96 +/- 13.28) years] in operative group,and 6 cases were degree II, 18 cases were degree III, and 28 cases were degree IV. Bone setting manipulation and hard splint external fixation were applied to manipulative group. Operative reduction internal fixation was performed in operative group. X-ray was used to evaluate reduction of fracture before and after treatment, 2 months after treatment. Ankle joint function was evaluated according to Olerud-Molander scoring system after 6 months treatment.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with good reduction. Three cases occurred wound complication in operative group, but not in manipulative group. In manipulation group, 19 cases got excellent results, 20 cases good and 4 cases fair; while in operative group, 30 cases got excellent results, 20 cases good and 2 cases poor. There were no significant differences in fracture reduction and ankle joint function recovery between two groups (P > 0.05). Efficacy of operative treatment was better than that of manipulative treatment at degree IV fracture (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBone setting manipulation is a good method for treating supination-eversion ankle joint fractures, which has advantages of simple and safe operation, reliable efficacy. For ankle join fracture at degree IV, manipulative reduction should be adopted earlier, and operative treatment also necessary

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Ankle Joint ; physiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Supination

OBJECTIVETo establish a canine model of severe smoke inhalation injury on unilateral lung, in order to observe the pathomorphological changes in the injured lung within 24 postburn hours (PBHs).

METHODSTwenty five mongrel dogs were employed in the study and randomized into 3 groups. The left lung was injured by inhaling smoke produced by burning sawdust with sparing the right lung with a breathing tube in 10 dogs in group A. A conventional model of smoke inhalation injury to bilateral lungs was reproduced in 8 dogs in group B, and dogs in group C not subjected to smoke inhalation served as controls. Hemodynamic changes, blood gas analysis and the pathophysiologic changes in the lungs were observed within 24 PBHs.

RESULTSAll of the dogs in groups A and C survived. Hemodynamic indices in the dogs in groups A and C remained stable without showing signs of systemic hypoxia. The arterial oxygen partial pressure in dogs of group A was 65 +/- 5 mm Hg, and the oxygen saturation in the mixed blood was 0.64 +/- 0.04 at 24 PBHs, and they were much lower than those in group C but higher than those in group B. The pathological changes in the injured side of the lungs in group A were similar to those in group B with high consistency, and the changes, though milder, could also be identified in the contralateral uninjured lung. Five dogs died in the group B within 24 hours after smoke inhalation and the survivors showed signs of multiple organ failure.

CONCLUSIONThe canine model of acute severe unilateral pulmonary smoke inhalation injury was reproduced reliably, and could be an ideal model for the study on smoke inhalation injury.

Animals ; Burns, Inhalation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Smoke Inhalation Injury