Owing to its inherent advantages—such as being non-destructive, rapid, highly molecule-specific, and minimally interfered with by moisture—Raman spectroscopy has been widely adopted in the fields of skin barrier function assessment, monitoring the transdermal penetration of active cosmetic ingredients, and the identification and quality control of cosmetic products. Despite these strengths, the practical application of this technique faces a significant bottleneck: the strong fluorescence background generated by endogenous skin components and exogenous cosmetic additives. Endogenous skin substances, such as structural proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin), metabolic coenzymes (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and pigments (e.g., melanin), together with exogenous cosmetic constituents like organic colorants, chemical sunscreens, and fragrances, often possess strong absorption and emission characteristics. When excited by lasers, these components produce a fluorescence background that can be 10⁶ to 10⁸ times stronger than the Raman scattering signals, effectively masking the inherently weak vibrational fingerprint information. In recent years, driven by the rapid development of optoelectronic hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms, fluorescence suppression strategies have evolved from isolated, single-method approaches into comprehensive, multi-level synergistic systems. These systems are categorized into three distinct tiers: sample preparation, signal acquisition, and data processing. At the sample preparation level, techniques such as photobleaching and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are employed to eliminate or bypass the generation of fluorescence at the source. At the signal acquisition level, instrumental improvements—including the use of long-wavelength near-infrared excitation (typically 785 nm or 1 064 nm), confocal spatial filtering, and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)— are utilized to physically isolate Raman signals from the fluorescence background. Furthermore, at the data processing level, numerical baseline correction methods such as polynomial fitting, penalized least squares (e.g., airPLS, arPLS), wavelet transform, and derivative algorithms are increasingly integrated into the analytical pipeline to extract Raman spectral features from mixed signals without increasing hardware costs or acquisition time. This review provides a systematic categorization and critical evaluation of these fluorescence suppression methods, detailing their underlying principles, technical advantages, and inherent limitations in diverse experimental setups. By focusing on critical application scenarios—including skin barrier assessment, percutaneous absorption monitoring, the routine quality control of cosmetics, and the emerging field of portable on-site detection—this paper explores the current state of technique selection and optimization. Finally, the article discusses future development trends, emphasizing the necessity of constructing adaptive, tiered suppression strategies, developing intelligent and automated data processing algorithms, and promoting the integration of portable, multi-modal diagnostic devices. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive technical reference to facilitate the transition of Raman spectroscopy from a specialized laboratory tool into a routine, robust analytical platform for advancements in skin science and cosmetic research.

Objective To analyze the status of teaching occupational health and occupational medicine course under the background of new medical science, and to construct a semantic knowledge graph to realize the digital teaching reform of the course. Methods i) The literature on teaching research of occupational health and occupational medicine courses published between January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2025 was retrieved through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. CiteSpace 6.4.R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 were used for bibliometric visualization. ii) A knowledge graph system based on Web front-end was constructed using the textbook of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine (9th ed.), published by People's Medicine Publishing House, as the core data source. Results i) A total of 240 publications related to the teaching in occupational health and occupational medicine courses were included. The overall number of publications showed an upward trend. The research focused on curriculum teaching reform, curriculum-based political education, and digital technology-empowered teaching, forming an interdisciplinary and multi-dimensional research system. The evolution of keywords included three stages: the foundation period (2005-2015), the growth period (2016-2020), and the innovation period (2021-2025). ii) The constructed semantic knowledge graph realizes structural visualization and a dual-mode intelligent question answering agent. A total of four independent navigation modules, including chapter overview, core concept exploration, learning progress details, and relationship network visualization, were used to achieve multidimensional learning pathways. The system requires no installation and supports cross-platform operation, meeting the needs of both teachers and students. It effectively helps students establish systematic knowledge frameworks and enhances interdisciplinary integration ability and learning initiative. Conclusion In the context of new medical science, research on teaching in occupational health and occupational medicine has evolved from a niche field into a research hotspot and entered a stage of high-quality development. The constructed semantic knowledge graph for the Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine course facilitates digital teaching reform in this field and lays a solid foundation for cultivating high-level interdisciplinary occupational health professionals.

Peripheral nerve injury refers to the impairment that occurs when the sens-ory nerves and motor nerves are damaged.Professor Zhang Hong has unique insights into the treatment of neurologically diseases in children.Based on the different manifestations of the disease,it is categorized under the traditional Chinese medicine concepts of"atro-phy syndrome","muscle injury"and"Bi syndrome".Professor Zhang believes that the disease is fundamentally rooted in the liver and kidneys,and that treatment should notonly address the acquired symptoms but also nurture the innate foundation.This article a-nalyze and summarize professor Zhang's clinical experience in using acupuncture,electroa-cupuncture,moving cupping,and moxibustion in the comprehensive treatment of peripheral nerve injury,providing a reference for clinical treatment of peripheral neuropathy in chil-dren.

Objective To investigate the correlation between arterial stiffness(AS)and incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)among the elderly individuals taking health checkup.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 857 elderly individuals without CKD at baseline who taking physical exams in our medical center from December 2009 to May 2021.Their clinical and labora-tory data were collected.Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)was used to assess the se-verity of AS,and then the subjects were divided into normal elasticity group(201 cases),and moderate(490 cases)and severe AS group(166 cases).Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to dis-play cumulative incidence rates of incident CKD across different AS groups.Restricted cubic splines(RCS)and Cox regression models were applied to analyze the correlation of baPWV and incident CKD risk.Results The severe AS group had significantly advanced age,greater ratio of hypertension,larger waist circumference,higher HR,SBP and DBP,increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR),elevated levels of TG and fasting blood glucose,and baPWV than the normal elasticity group(P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,37 participants developed CKD.The incidence of CKD was obviously higher in the severe AS group than the normal arterial elas-ticity group(9.04％vs 3.48％).RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between baPWV and incident CKD risk.When baPWV ≥1 400 cm/s,each standard deviation increase in baPWV indicates the risk of incident CKD increasing by 71％(HR=1.71,95％CI:1.30-2.25,P＜0.01).Regardless of adjustment for covariates or not,baPWV remained positive correlation with inci-dent CKD risk(P＜0.05).Conclusion Among the elderly individuals undergoing health check-up,increased AS severity is significantly associated with higher risk of incident CKD when baP-WV ≥1400 cm/s.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To explore the damage results and structural response laws of medical cabins in ships under explosion attack.Methods Firstly,the cabin structure was equivalently regarded as a T-shaped plate frame based on the explosion load theory,then four finite element models for the medical cabins were established with the dimensions(length ×width×height)of 2.8 m×2.6 m×2.3 m,3.2 m×3.2 m×2.4 m,4.2 m×3.2 m×2.5 m and 5.4 m×4.0 m×2.6 m.Secondly,an explosion damage model was constructed using ABAQUS simulation software,and explosion damage simulation was carried out with the explosion locating at the cabin center and the outside of the bulkhead and the explosion energy of 10 kg and 100 kg trinitrotoluene(TNT)equivalent.Finally,the 10 kg and 100 kg TNT explosion damage results were ananlyzed at the cabin center and the outside of the bulkhead.Results At the cabin center,10 kg TNT explosion resulted in local deformation and limited affected area of the large-sized cabin,while 100 kg TNT explosion lead to extensive affected ranges in the functional areas and severe deformation and damage in the small-sized cabin.At the outside of the bulkhead,10 kg TNT explosion gave rise to breaches in some areas of the small-sized cabin and local deformation of the large-sized cabin,while 100 kg TNT explosion caused large breaches in all the cabins.Conclusion The explosion load induces serious deformation and damage and complicated breaches in the cabin with small size and weak structural strength.The cabin with large size and thick bulkhead and stiffener behaves well in explosion resistance,while high equivalent explosions may bring about serious damage to its local structure.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):27-32]

This study was aimed at understanding the prevalence and influencing factors of food-borne parasitic diseases in ethnic minority areas of Guizhou Province,to provide a scientific basis for the development of appropriate intervention measures based on the human-animal-environment One Health concept.In 2023,the infection status of the human population,reservoir hosts,intermediate hosts,food-borne parasitic diseases,and related social and environmental factors were investigated in Congjiang County in Qidongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture;Luodian County in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture;and Ceheng County in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.At least 1 000 individuals were sampled from each county,along with at least 50 insect-protected host samples from each location.Food-borne parasite infections were detected with the modified Kato thick smear method.A questionnaire survey was administered to the population.Detection of food-borne parasitic metacercariae was performed in intermediate host fish through the flaking and digestion method,and in crabs through the pounding and sedimentation method.The chi-square test was used to compare rates,and logistic regression was applied for multivariate analysis.A total of 3 023 questionnaires and fecal samples were collected.Males accounted for 47.50%,females accounted for 52.50%,and members of ethnic minorities accounted for 96.06%.A total of 186 food-borne parasitic infections were identified,and the infection rate was 6.15%.Five insect species were detected,which showed an infection rate of 5.39%.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 0.33%,that of Taenia was 0.40%,that of Heteroceles was 0.17%,that of Acanthus was 0.17%,and that of Echinostoma was 0.03%.Human infections with Echinostomus colloides and Echinostomia transferoris had not previously been reported in China.Single-factor analysis revealed statistically significant differences in food-borne parasite infections according to various factors,including the consumption of untreated water,raw fish and shrimp,raw pig blood,raw cow gastric juice,and raw pork and beef,as well as raw pig and cow viscera(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk factors for food-borne parasite infections among residents in minority areas of Guizhou Province included the consumption of raw pig blood(OR=2.841,95%CI:1.809-4.463),raw cow gastric juice(OR=2.122,95%CI:1.297-3.469),and raw fish and shrimp(OR=1.779,95%CI:1.049-3.018).A total of 173 fecal samples of the reservoir host were examined,which showed a rate of food-borne parasite infection of 5.2%.A total of 510 intermediate host fish were examined,which showed a 4.51%positivity rate of encysted metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis.The crab,pig,and beef samples were not positive.In conclusion,food-borne parasitic infections were prevalent in ethnic minority regions of Guizhou Province,and consumption of raw food were influencing factors.A focus on populations with raw food consumption habits,including raw pig blood,cow gastric juice,fish and shrimp,is essential.Concurrently,monitoring of animal hosts must be strengthened to perform key interventions according to the One Health concept.

Objective To investigate the correlation between arterial stiffness(AS)and incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)among the elderly individuals taking health checkup.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 857 elderly individuals without CKD at baseline who taking physical exams in our medical center from December 2009 to May 2021.Their clinical and labora-tory data were collected.Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)was used to assess the se-verity of AS,and then the subjects were divided into normal elasticity group(201 cases),and moderate(490 cases)and severe AS group(166 cases).Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to dis-play cumulative incidence rates of incident CKD across different AS groups.Restricted cubic splines(RCS)and Cox regression models were applied to analyze the correlation of baPWV and incident CKD risk.Results The severe AS group had significantly advanced age,greater ratio of hypertension,larger waist circumference,higher HR,SBP and DBP,increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR),elevated levels of TG and fasting blood glucose,and baPWV than the normal elasticity group(P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,37 participants developed CKD.The incidence of CKD was obviously higher in the severe AS group than the normal arterial elas-ticity group(9.04％vs 3.48％).RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between baPWV and incident CKD risk.When baPWV ≥1 400 cm/s,each standard deviation increase in baPWV indicates the risk of incident CKD increasing by 71％(HR=1.71,95％CI:1.30-2.25,P＜0.01).Regardless of adjustment for covariates or not,baPWV remained positive correlation with inci-dent CKD risk(P＜0.05).Conclusion Among the elderly individuals undergoing health check-up,increased AS severity is significantly associated with higher risk of incident CKD when baP-WV ≥1400 cm/s.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.