Objective To investigate the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) system on restenosis after balloon angioplasty and relative mechanism. Methods Fifty rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control group received normal chow (Control group), the other rabbits received 1.5% cholesterol diet (Chol group and SH group) or 1.5%cholesterol diet plus hemin (Hem group) or zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ (Znpp group) for 10 weeks. At the third week of experiment, the three experimental groups underwent balloon injury at one side common carotid artery. Results Compared with control group, arterial nitric oxide production and nitricoxide synthase activity were significantly decreased, while HO-1 expression and CO production were significantly increased (all P＜0. 01 ) in Chol group. The intima thickness and ratio of intima/media (I/M) were lower in Hem group than in Chol group [(281.47± 21.10) μm vs. (442.17 ±59.14) μm, 2.49 ± 0. 17 vs. 3.99 ± 0. 52, respectively]. While arterial HO-1 expression and CO production were increased markedly, endothelin-1 expression was distinctly reduced in Hem group group than in Chol group. Compared with Chol group, arterial HO-1 expression and CO production were decreased obviously, while endothelin-1 expression and intima thickness and ratio of intima/media [(698.71±58. 37) μm, 6.17±0. 52]were significantly increased in Znpp group (all P＜0. 01).Conclusions The HO-1/CO system plays a protective role on improving endothelium function and restraining neointimal proliferation by compensating and regulating nitricoxide synthase/nitric oxide system and lowering endothelin -1 expression so as to inhibit restenosis after balloon injury.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of heme oxygenase-1, carbon monoxide and nitricoxide synthase, nitrogen monoxide systems on vascular remodeling of injured balloon carotid artery in rabbits and the intercorrelations among the two systems after balloon angioplasty. Seventy rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, i. e., control group, SH group, Chol group, Arg group, L-NAME group, Hem group, and Znpp group. The control group received normal chow, while all the rabbits the rest six groups received 1.5% cholesterol diet. Among the six test groups, to those in Chol group and SH group nothing else was added except the 1.5% cholesterol. L-arginine or L-nitro-arginine methylester was added to those in the Arg group and in the L-NAME group with drinking water. Hemin or zincprotoporphyrin IX was added to those in Hem group and in Znpp group by injecting the medicine into the abdominal cavity. After two weeks, the experimental groups underwent balloon injury at one side common carotid artery. Compared to Chol group, the HO-1 activity and CO production increased significantly. The intima area was reduced distinctly in Hem group, while there were opposite results in Znpp group. Compared with that in Chol group, the NF-kappaB activity of Arg group and Hem group were lower significantly. That of L-NAME group and Znpp group were higher significantly. Compared with that in the Chol group, the cNOS activity and NO production were eleveated markedly in Arg group while they were decreased markedly in L-NAME group. The intima area was reduced significantly in Arg group, while in L-NAME group they were not different from those in Chol group. These results suggested that the reciprocal relationship between HO-1/CO and NOS/NO system in restenosis may play the inhibitory role against neointimal proliferation and vascular wall remodeling after balloon angioplasty.
Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Carotid Arteries ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

BACKGROUND:Myocardial fibrosis following myocardial infarction is an important mechanism of ventricle reconstitution. However, there are few reports concerning effects of myocardial transplantation related to stern cells on this process. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of auto-skeletal muscle satellite cells implanted into ischemic myocardium on myocardial fibrosis in rats with myocardial infarction and their mechanisms.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Third Research Room, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from July to September 2007. MATERIALS: A total of 45 Wistar rats, of both genders, weighing 150-200 g, were used in this study. Of them, 30 rats were used to establish models of myocardial infarction.METHODS: A total of 45 rats were assigned to 3 groups (n=15). Rats in the myocardial infarction group received ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce myocardial infarction. 2 weeks later, 0.2 mL serum-free M199 medium was infused into the juncture between infarct region and normal myocardium through multiple points. In the transplantation group, following model induction, 0.2 mL auto-skeletal muscle satellite cells in rats after 2-weeks in vitro culture were transplanted into the surrounding of infarct region. Rats in the sham operation group were not induced to create models, only injected with 0.2 mL saline in the heart anterior wall surrounding the left anterior descending branch through multiple points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four weeks after injection, vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression in the ischemic myocardium was demonstrated. Capillary density changes in the ischemic myocardium were detected. Growth and proliferation of myocardial cells in the infarct region were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS: Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression was significantly decreased in the sham operation and myocardial infarction groups compared with the transplantation group at 4 weeks following satellite cell transplantation (P<0.01). Capillary density was greater in the myocardial infarction group compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05). Capillary density was significantly higher in the rat ischemic myocardium in the transplantation group compared with the sham operation and myocardial infarction groups (P<0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that myocardial morphology was normal in rats of the sham operation group, with clear structure, orderly myocardial fibrosis. There were no fibroblastaggregation and hyperplasia among myocardial fibrosis. Fibroblast hyperplasia and collagent formation were found in the rat myocardium in the myocardial infarction group, with disorderly myocardial structure. Myocardial cells with transverse striation and many nuclei were observed in the rat infarct region of the transplantation group, with orderly arrangement. Fibrous tissue was significantly less in the transplantation group compared with the myocardial infarction group.CONCLUSION: Satellite cells can proliferate and differentiate into striated muscle-like cells with flexible and systolic functions in the infarct region. Satellite cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor and promote blood capillary hyperplasia in ischemic myocardium by autocrine and paracrine, which finally effectively inhibits fibrosis progress in the ischomic myocardium.

Objective To explore the expression of resistin-like molecules-a (RELMa) in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE-/- mouse, and to study the effects of RELMa on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth musclee cells (VSMCs) . Method Nine ApoE-/- mice and nine C57BL/6J mice were fed with high fat diet. All mice were sacrificed 24 weeks after force feeding. Vessels were dissected from to abdominal aorta. Sections of aortic tissue were stained with HE dyeing and RELMa in aortic tissue was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of RELMa mRNA in vessels was detected by RT-PCR. The effects of different concentration RELMa in different concentrations on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs were detected. Data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ANOVA were used for comparison in SPSS 11.0, and changes were considered as statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05. Results Atherosclerosis plaque formed in aortic root of ApoE-/- mice after they were fed with high fat diet for 24 weeks. RELMa protein and RELMa mRNA were found by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE-/- mouse. RELMa protein didn't be found in vessels of control mouse. RELMa promoted the proliferation of VSMCs (RELMa groups: 2811. 21 ± 216. 89,4056. 87 ±220.65,5061.45 ± 335.86, vs. control 1609.58 ± 203.53, P < 0.01). RELMa promoted the migration of VSMCs (RELMa groups: 130.54±12.98,158.39±11.58,203.50± 17.37 vs. control:70.54± 11.92, P<0.01).Conclusions RELMa expresses in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE-/- mouse. RELMa enhances the proliferation and migration of VSMCs of aorta.

Background FIZZ1 is a newly found protein associated with pulmonary inflammation. It has been shown to involve in proliferation of pulmonary arterial vascular smooth cells, contriction of vascular vessels, and stimulation of fibroblasts. Objective This study was designed to investigate the expression of FIZZ1 in atherosclerotic plaque of C57BL/6J ApoE-/-mice and the role of FIZZ1 on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from aorta. Methods Nine C57BL/6J ApoE-/-mice were fed with high fat diet and nine C57BL/6J wild type mice with normal chow for 24 weeks. All mice were euthanized and the aortas were collected. HE stain histological examination and FIZZ1 immunohistochemistry were used in vivo study. In vitro, smooth muscle cells were treated with normal saline (control groups) or recombinate FIZZ1 at different concentrations (final concentration 3?10-6, 9?10-6, 2.7?10-5 mmol/L) respectively. The proliferation of smooth muscle cells were detected by MTT. Results After 24 weeks of high fat diet treatment, large atherosclerotic plaques were found in aortic root of ApoE-/-mice. FIZZ1 was found in atherosclerotic plaques of C57BL/6J ApoE-/-mice, however, no FIZZ1 was expressed in the arteries of C57BL/6J wild type mice. Cell culture study showed FIZZ1 promoted the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in a dose dependent manner(P

Background Found in Inflammatory Zone 1(FIZZ1)is a newly found protein associated with pulmonary inflammation.We previously had reported its role in the development of atherosclerosis,but its detailed mechanism has not been explored.Objective This study was designed to delineate the effect of FIZZ1 on the expression of scavenger receptor(SR-A)in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)scavenger receptor(SR-A)induced by ox-LDL.Methods Smooth muscle cells were treated with ox-LDL(20 mg/L)or cocultured with recombinate FIZZ1 at different concentration(final concentration 3?10-6,9?10-6,2.7?10-5 mmol/L).The expression of SR-A of smooth muscle cell was detected by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy.Results SR-A positive expression was found in VSMCs treated with ox-LDL after 24 hours,which were located mainly in cell membrane by laser confocal microscopy.FIZZ1 significantly accentuate the LDL induced increases in SR-A positive rate in VSMC in a dose dependent manner(P

Low frequency high power ultrasound is a recent addition to the list of methods for arterial angioplasty. This paper introduced the effects of the low frequency high power ultrasound and summarized the results of many experiments with its use for different kinds of arterial obstruction.
Angioplasty ; methods ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; surgery ; Arteriosclerosis ; surgery ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy ; methods ; Femoral Artery ; surgery ; Humans ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods

The treatment of stained teeth has been one of the striking aspects of stomatology and esthetic dentistry. Based on detailed data and references, this article introduces the types of stained teeth and the main treatment methods including strong point, weakness, limitation of the usage, result, and the relevant mechanisms. It addresses the researches on problems in the treatment of stained teeth. Also in this paper is envisaged what will be done to treat the stained teeth in future.
Dental Veneers ; Humans ; Tooth Bleaching ; Tooth Discoloration ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on serum soluble cell adhesion molecules and cytokines of patients with dyslipidemia. Methods Eighty patients with dyslipidemia were randomly and equally divided into an exercise group and a control group. The control group was treated with pravastatin,while exercise was administered in the exercise group in addition to the pravastatin. Both groups were observed for 8 weeks. Results Serum leves of soluble endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule 1(sELAM),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule(sICAM 1)and interleukin 1?(IL 1?)of patients in both groups were decreased significantly. Moreover,serum levels of soluble vascular cell molecule 1(sVCAM 1)and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF ?)in addition to sELAM,sICAM 1 and IL 1? were decreased significantly in the exercise group,with a significantly better result in the exercise group as compared with that of the control group. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of individual sELAM,sICAM 1 and sVCAM 1 with blood total cholesterol(TC),and negative correlation of individual sELAM,sICAM 1 and sVCAM with high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL C)in exercise group. Conclusion Adequate exercise has beneficial effects on patients with dyslipidemia by reducing serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules and the production of proinflammatory cytokines,which was realized possibly through modulating serum lipids and improving endothelial dysfunction.

Objectives:This study was designed to establish the modified method of cardiomyocytes culture in human fetal hearts. Methods:The human fetal heart cells of ventricular muscle were isolated by 0.2% trypsin and 0.1% collagenase and cultured primarily and passaged in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium(IMDM) in vitro by means of differential attachment technique.The changes in morphology,ultrastructure,viability,immunocytochemistry antibody staining and immunofluorescence antibody staining of human fetal heart cells were studied in culture. Results:The ratio of viable cells was 99% identified by trypan blue staining.The ratio of attachment cells was 95% after 24 h in culture.The cultured human fetal heart cells were roundness shaped,rod shaped,shuttle shaped,ellipse shaped,star shaped and bifurcate shaped with spontaneous contractility.The myocardial actin and myoglobin are identified in the cultured cells by immunocytochemistry antibody staining and immunofluorescence antibody staining.The ultrastructure of cells was similar to that of the cardiac tissue in vivo by electron microscopy.Human fetal heart cells after 20 d of primary culturing and after 5 d of passaged culturing were growed well. Conclusions:The method for isolating and culturing human fetal heart cells is successful and reliable.This model provides an effective experimental mothod for studying the mechanism of myocardial injury.