Objective:To develop the Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, a preliminary version of the Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy was developed through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. After revising certain items in the pre-survey, convenience sampling was used to select patients who underwent bladder instillation chemotherapy in the Department of Urology Surgery of three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Yunnan Province from January to July 2024 as research subjects to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:A total of 168 questionnaires were distributed, and 162 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 96.429% (162/168). The Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy covered two areas of symptom severity and symptom distress, comprising five dimensions and 27 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale was 0.953, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.806. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the four common factors for symptom severity contributed to 73.196% of the cumulative variance, while the single common factor for symptom distress accounted for 68.285% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that all indicators met the fit criteria, indicating that the model possessed good goodness-of-fit. The content validity index at the scale level was 0.940, while the content validity index at the item level ranged from 0.833 to 1.000.Conclusions:The Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, and is suitable for evaluating symptoms in patients undergoing bladder infusion chemotherapy.

Objective:To develop the Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, a preliminary version of the Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy was developed through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. After revising certain items in the pre-survey, convenience sampling was used to select patients who underwent bladder instillation chemotherapy in the Department of Urology Surgery of three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Yunnan Province from January to July 2024 as research subjects to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:A total of 168 questionnaires were distributed, and 162 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 96.429% (162/168). The Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy covered two areas of symptom severity and symptom distress, comprising five dimensions and 27 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total scale was 0.953, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.806. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the four common factors for symptom severity contributed to 73.196% of the cumulative variance, while the single common factor for symptom distress accounted for 68.285% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that all indicators met the fit criteria, indicating that the model possessed good goodness-of-fit. The content validity index at the scale level was 0.940, while the content validity index at the item level ranged from 0.833 to 1.000.Conclusions:The Symptom Assessment Scale for Patients Undergoing Bladder Irrigation Chemotherapy developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, and is suitable for evaluating symptoms in patients undergoing bladder infusion chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the predictive value of CT image texture analysis for early enlargement of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and eight patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into enlarged hematoma group (positive group)and non-enlarged hematoma group (negative group),according to whether the volume of hematoma on 24 h follow up CT scan was more than 30% or 6 mL of the baseline CT.Phillis Radiomics Tool V93 software was used to segment the hematoma on CT plain scan images of two groups,four features of first-order and three of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM),thirteen of gray-level size zone matricx (GLSZM)and eleven of gray-level run-length matricx (GLRLM)were obtained.The differences of thirty-one texture features between the two groups were compared.The ROC curves of the features with statistical differences were analyzed.The independent predictors of early enlargement of intracerebral hemorrhage were screened by Logistic multivariate regression model.Results Among the one hundred and eight patients,twenty-eight were positive group and eighty were negative group.Skewness and long run low gray-level emphasis (LRLGE)in positive group were significantly higher than those in negative group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the remaining twenty-nine features between the two groups (P＞0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of Skewness,LRLGE and their combined diagnosis were 0.634,0.814 and 0.828,respectively.The independent variables were screened by stepwise regression analysis.The LRLGE (OR＝1.238,95%CI＝1.009－1.51 9,P＜0.05)was selected as the regression model, suggesting that LRLGE was an independent predictor of the early enlargement of intracerebral hemorrhage.Conclusion Texture analysis of CT images is helpful to predict the early enlargement of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,and LRLGE based on GLRLM algorithm can be used as an independent predictor.

Objective To evaluate the short term results of repairing osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modified free vascularized fibular grafting through Smith-Peterson approach without cutting the rectus femoris.Methods Between January,2009 and September,2012,14 osteonecrotic hips of 14 patients who underwent free vascularized fibular grafting were retrospectively studied including 10 male and 4 female.The follow up period was 24 months.The preoperative and postoperative symptoms relief,recovery of hip function (Harris score),radiographic assessment (X-ray).Results All patients got postoperative ipsilateral hip pain relief.Average Harris hip score improved significantly (68.47 ± 5.33,86.80 ± 4.72 points in preoperation and postoperation,respectively; paired t test,t =18.724,P ＜ 0.01).Postoperative X-ray results showed there were no progresses of osteonecrosis and no collapse in the operative side within 2 years follow-up.Conclusion The short term treatment results of femoral head avascular necrosis were satisfactory by using free vascularized fibular graft through Smith-Peterson approach without cutting off the rectus femoris and it may be a relatively practical option of surgical approach.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of internal carotid artery occlusion in treatment of intractable epistaxis caused by carotid artery siphon traumatic lesions.Methods A total of 37 patients with intractable epistaxis caused by traumatic carotid artery siphon pseudoaneurysm or carotid cavernous fistula were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent embolization from October 1998 to June 2010,including 34 men and 3 women with the age ranged from 25 to 65 years and a average of 40 years.Only lesions were occlued in 12 cases without involving the internal carotid artery,while occlusions of internal carotid artery were performed in the rest 25 cases.Results Thirty-six patients were cured without recurrent hemorrhage after embolization.Only 1 patient with carotid artery occlusion died 48 hours after operation.Conclusion For patients with carotid arterial intractable epistaxis,if the elimanation of the lesions is not applicable and the collateral circulation of Willis ring has a good compensation,the use of detachable balloon or coil occlusion of ipsilateral internal carotid artery is a quick and easy method to save patients' lives.

Abstract The 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation rate of diploid human embryo lung fibroblast cell (2BS) in old cells was significantly lower than that in middle age cells and young cells. EPidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated tha 3H-TdR incorporation rates of all three kinds of cells with different age. The results of Northern and dot hybridization showed that the level of HER-2 in old cells was lower than those in young cells. EGF could induce expression of HER-2 gene in young cells but not in old cells. As the cells reached 100% of their life span, the EGFR mRNA decreased obviously.