The scientific evaluation of the construction and development of university disciplines is an important part and a key challenge in China’s “Double First-Class” initiative. Based on the ESI and InCites databases, this study conducted a year-long observation and analysis of the disciplines at universities in Jiangsu Province under the “Double First-Class” framework. The research focused on the development trends of potential and emerging disciplines, while exploring the influence of traditional predominant disciplines on the growth of these emerging fields and the pathways through which such influence might occur. The study aims to provide some reference and insights for the development of disciplines in the universities in Jiangsu. The findings reveal that, overall, the discipline development maturity of the universities is high, with a positive growth trend and significant development potential in certain fields, which are strongly supported by the traditional predominant disciplines. However, an imbalance in the development across various discipline categories has also been observed. Looking ahead, universities are encouraged to capitalize on their unique academic strengths to foster collaborative development, emphasize the growth of social science disciplines, promote interdisciplinary integration, and cultivate high-level talent for society. This approach will better facilitate the establishment of high-level universities and contribute to the realization of the goal of building a strong educational nation.

This study aimed to analyze research hotspots as well as domestic and international collaboration trends in the field of pharmacology and toxicology in China. Articles published in this field between 2005 and 2024 by Chinese researchers were retrieved and analyzed using citation analysis and descriptive statistical methods. The results indicate that over the past two decades, China’s level of international collaboration in this field has been continuously improving. China cooperates most closely with the United States, while its collaboration with other countries remains relatively limited. However, China’s cooperation with Belt and Road Initiative((BRI) partner countries has gradually deepened. The influence of Chinese publications in pharmacology and toxicology over the past 20 years is comparable to the global average. Papers resulting from international collaboration exceed the global average in terms of the impact, whereas those based solely on domestic collaboration still have significant room for improvement. It is recommended that China adhere to the principle of “coordinating well for comprehensive advancement” in international cooperation, strengthen collaborative relationships with various countries, and uphold the ‘self-directed’ approach to enhance the global influence of the discipline. Furthermore, optimizing the layout of international research collaboration networks, promoting innovation in research models, and leveraging the advantages of a diversified funding system are essential to overcome existing spatial and technological limitations.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for optimizing the market access process for over-the-counter drugs(OTC)in China.METHODS Based on literature review,questionnaire survey was designed and distributed via the Wenjuanxing platform to respondents from pharmaceutical enterprises,drug regulatory agencies,industry associations,medical institutions and universities.The collected survey data were then subjected to statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 154 questionnaires were collected,all of which were valid.Among the respondents,58.5%were from pharmaceutical enterprises,18.8%were from the field of drug regulation,and the remaining 22.7%were from universities and medical institutions.More than half of the respondents had been working for 10 years or more.A total of 89.6%of the respondents called for the establishment of an independent review system for OTC.Additionally,88.3%believed it was necessary to establish an OTC monograph system based on China's national conditions.Meanwhile,73.4%of respondents believed it was necessary to standardize the monograph inclusion procedures and processes,while 77.3%thought the specific process for switching prescription drugs to OTC status should be improved.Furthermore,91.0%of the respondents considered that real-world data/evidence could contribute to simplifying the OTC market approval pathway,although challenges related to data quality and data accessibility were acknowledged.CONCLUSIONS The review cycle for China's OTC market access mechanism is relatively long.A localized adaptation and optimization path of"institutional reconstruction-technological innovation-regulatory innovation"in a trinity is proposed to provide a decision-making basis for establishing a scientific and efficient OTC regulatory system with international experience serving as a reference.

This study focuses on joint patent applications in China's biopharmaceutical industry over the past decade,involving collaborations between industry,academia,and research institutions.The aim was to comprehensively understand the current status of these joint patent applications,identify existing problems,and propose recommendations to the government and relevant agencies on how to address these issues and promote the development of industry-academia-research patent collaborations.The study utilized the incoPat global patent database to obtain the necessary patent data and constructed a dataset of joint patents applied through industry-academia,industry-research,and academia-research collaborations.Statistical analyses were conducted from various perspectives,including types of collaborations,geographical distribution,applicant profiles,and legal status.Based on patent data from Jiangsu province,a collaborative network was constructed for further investigation.The results indicate that joint patent applications in China's biopharmaceutical industry are in a phase of steady growth,with the majority of joint applications stemming from industry-academia collaboration.However,the joint application for patents between industry and research is relatively slow in development.There is a geographical imbalance in the distribution of patents,with more being concentrated in the east compared to the west.A61P35/00(anti-tumor drug)is the most active field for industry-academia-research collaborative patent applications,with cooperation encompassing multi-dimensional improvements in the safety,efficacy,and accessibility of drugs.Portions of patents co-filed by industry,academia,and research institutions have failed to transition technology into products,resulting in insufficient practical benefits from the co-filed patents.Chinese research institutions show a lesser engagement in joint patent applications with foreign entities compared to universities and enterprises.Many collaborations in the network are incidental or single,and smaller entities such as small and micro-enterprises and ordinary universities or colleges have not been actively involved in industry-academia-research collaborations.The government and relevant agencies can guide industry-academia-research joint patent applications by streamlining incentive policies,facilitating patent information channels,and promoting cross-regional collaborations.

This study focuses on joint patent applications in China's biopharmaceutical industry over the past decade,involving collaborations between industry,academia,and research institutions.The aim was to comprehensively understand the current status of these joint patent applications,identify existing problems,and propose recommendations to the government and relevant agencies on how to address these issues and promote the development of industry-academia-research patent collaborations.The study utilized the incoPat global patent database to obtain the necessary patent data and constructed a dataset of joint patents applied through industry-academia,industry-research,and academia-research collaborations.Statistical analyses were conducted from various perspectives,including types of collaborations,geographical distribution,applicant profiles,and legal status.Based on patent data from Jiangsu province,a collaborative network was constructed for further investigation.The results indicate that joint patent applications in China's biopharmaceutical industry are in a phase of steady growth,with the majority of joint applications stemming from industry-academia collaboration.However,the joint application for patents between industry and research is relatively slow in development.There is a geographical imbalance in the distribution of patents,with more being concentrated in the east compared to the west.A61P35/00(anti-tumor drug)is the most active field for industry-academia-research collaborative patent applications,with cooperation encompassing multi-dimensional improvements in the safety,efficacy,and accessibility of drugs.Portions of patents co-filed by industry,academia,and research institutions have failed to transition technology into products,resulting in insufficient practical benefits from the co-filed patents.Chinese research institutions show a lesser engagement in joint patent applications with foreign entities compared to universities and enterprises.Many collaborations in the network are incidental or single,and smaller entities such as small and micro-enterprises and ordinary universities or colleges have not been actively involved in industry-academia-research collaborations.The government and relevant agencies can guide industry-academia-research joint patent applications by streamlining incentive policies,facilitating patent information channels,and promoting cross-regional collaborations.

Under the "patient-centered" drug regulation concept,the inclusion of patient dimensions in real-world evidence becomes increasingly important. Patient experience data can complement and interpret existing data,generate evidence directly from patients,and achieve patient participation in drug development. Data types include patient-reported outcomes and free-text data,which can be collected autonomously or obtained from databases. Application scenarios involve new drug registration,safety evaluation,and additional indications. In China,applying patient experience data to real-world study mainly faces the following challenges:lack of conditions,standards,and motivation to collect high-quality data,a single type of data,and the difficulty of balancing data security with freedom,etc. It is recommended to issue special guidelines,establish a measurement tool certification process,expand data collection channels,explore data source integration methods,optimize the informed consent mechanism,and establish an evidence synergy mechanism to promote the practical application of the "patient-centered" concept in real-world study of drugs.

Among the second round of “double first-class” construction universities, 12 universities are in the process of building first-class pharmaceutical and traditional Chinese medicine disciplines.The aim is to explore the innovative development trend of these 12 universities, based on their information related to pharmacy and traditional Chinese medicine in the past five years.The study used the PatSnap global patent database to search for pharmaceutical related patents applied by 12 universities from 2018 to 2022, and analyzed the information from perspectives such as application and authorization volume, technical themes, transfer and licensing status, and international patent situation.The results reveal that comprehensive universities and China Pharmaceutical University are superior to other pharmaceutical universities in terms of patent application volume and licensing rate.From the perspective of patent classification, most of the relevant patents involve the effective ingredients of drugs.Comprehensive universities and China Pharmaceutical University pay more attention to the research of anti-tumor drugs.Among all authorized patents, the quantity is insufficient, and most of them are exclusive licenses.The transfer of relevant rights mostly occurs between universities and enterprises.In terms of international patent applications, comprehensive universities dominate in terms of quantity, but the total amount is still insufficient.In the future innovation and development process of “double first-class” universities, it is necessary to improve the awareness of patent protection and layout, attract relevant talents, give full play to the advantages of university intellectual property information service centers, and promote the transformation of university achievements.

Objective To investigate the role and existing dilemmas of policies related to traditional Chinese medicine talents in China in terms of their growth paths and attitudes towards existing policies.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of the development of traditional Chinese medicine talents and their views on the existing policies.Results 278 valid questionnaires were collected.In general,traditional Chinese medicine talents are quite satisfied with the current talent policy,the interviewees with senior professional titles have a better understanding of the talent policy,and the young members and members of the Chinese society of traditional Chinese medicine have a more positive and urgent attitude towards building a talent policy and evaluation index system with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics.Respondents generally believe that the current financial support for talent projects of traditional Chinese medicine is average,but it can stimulate the growth of young scholars.The title of talents and the achievements of scholars'scientific research complement each other.Conclusion In the process of the development of the field of traditional Chinese medicine,we should speed up the training of innovative talents of traditional Chinese medicine,establish talent evaluation indicators with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics,improve the evaluation and project management system of traditional Chinese medicine talents,and reasonably optimize the incentive mechanism brought by the title of talents.

After the integration of Yangtze River Delta was elevated and developed into a national strategy, few domestic studies have been conducted to explore the integrated and collaborative development of biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region, which, as an important region of biopharmaceutical industry in China, has initially formed the development mode of industrial clusters. In this study, based on the industry-university-research model of patent and fund project cooperation, the social network analysis (SNA) method is used to analyze and study the cooperation of patent and Major Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. The study shows that the industry-university-research cooperation in the biomedical field in the Yangtze River Delta region is still in the development stage and the degree of integration needs to be improved. Universities and research institutes are more inclined to cooperate with enterprises for invention patents and with other universities for fund project research.It is suggested that the Yangtze River Delta region should adopt the deep integration mode of industry-university-research, relevant leading scientific research institutions should establish open innovation platforms, and pharmaceutical universities should cultivate innovative talents with the advantages of their disciplines, and adopt "Revealing the List and Taking Command" or other ways to tackle key core technologies.

To promote the construction of first-class disciplines of "Double First-Class" universities in China, the construction of a comprehensive evaluation system was explored, so as to provide suggestions for the development of these disciplines.Essential Science Indicators (ESI), InCites and Derwent Innovation Index databases, together with range transformation method and entropy weight method, were employed to analyze the data in the field of pharmacology and toxicology from some universities; the construction approaches and index performance of the system were studied. The score performances of the sample universities in the index system are different from their ESI rankings, suggesting that the system has certain practical value.ESI rankings cannot fully reflect the development levels of disciplines, while the multi-dimensional index evaluation system can overcome this shortcoming to a certain extent.This paper establishes an evaluation system with published papers and granted patents as the main evaluation objects, covering as many multi-angle indicators of scientific research output as possible, and trying to overcome the disadvantages due to lack of information in a single or few index systems.It is suggested that universities should formulate their discipline development plans from the perspectives of publishing high-quality original research results, leading or widely participating in scientific research cooperation, strengthening university-enterprise cooperation, promoting the application of research results, promoting open science and encouraging open access.