BACKGROUND: It is still unclear if and to what extent antenatal or infant or childhood vitamin D supplementation would affect the development of allergy diseases later in life. This study aimed to review the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women, infants, or children for the prevention of allergies. METHODS: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (OVID), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to March 1, 2020. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for vitamin D supplementation in primary allergy prevention. These trials were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration domains and the consensus was reached via discussion with the full study group. We descriptively summarized and quantitatively synthesized original data to evaluate vitamin D supplementation in primary allergy prevention by using Review Manager software for meta-analysis. RESULTS: The search yielded 1251 studies. Seven RCTs were included in this analysis. A meta-analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women or infants may not decrease the risk of developing allergic diseases, such as asthma or wheezing (supplementation for pregnant women, risk ratio [RR]: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-1.26, P = 0.90, I2 = 47%; supplementation for infants, RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.70-1.43, P = 0.99, I2 = 0%; supplementation for pregnant women and infants, RR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.10-1.25, P = 0.11), eczema (supplementation for pregnant women, RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.80-1.13, P = 0.77, I2 = 0%; supplementation for infants, RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.64-1.11, P = 0.19, I2 = 42%), allergic rhinitis (supplementation for pregnant women, RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.78-1.11, P = 0.15, I2 = 47%), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (supplementation for pregnant women, RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.85-1.11, P = 0.59, I2 = 0%), or food allergy. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of vitamin D in pregnant women or infants does not have an effect on the primary prevention of allergic diseases. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42020167747).
Child ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use*

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of neck and back pain in pilots, aviation cadets and me-chanical maintenance personnel, with an aim to prevent the occurrence of the disorder among them.Methods A survey of 2001 cases of medical data was conducted, and then, the derived data concerning neck and back pain were compared and analyzed between pilots, aviation cadets and mechanical maintenance personnel.Results The incidence of neck and back pain in aviation cadets was 19.3%, and the incidence rates of the same disorder in pilots and mechanical maintenance personnel were 43.0%and 31.9%respectively.The incidence of neck and back pain in the aviation cadets flying fighters was 29%, and the incidence rates of the same disorder in the avia-tion cadets flying transports and helicopters were 44.1%and 37.4% respectively.Risk factors of neck and back pain among aviation cadets included age, flying time, smoking history, body mass index and lumbodorsal muscular exercise.Conclusion The incidence of neck and back pain in pilots was significantly higher than that in aviation cadets and mechanical maintenance personnel, and the inci-dence of the disorder was also relatively high in pilots flying transports.Flying time was the most important risk factor of neck and back pain, and the survey revealed that lumbodorsal muscular exercise was an effective protective factor.Close attention should be paid to the prevention of neck and back pain and counter measures should be developed for effective prevention of the disorder.