Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Objective The differences in biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs between individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and healthy individuals during unanticipated and anticipated jumping were compared,in order to provide practical references and ideas for the prevention and treatment of recurrent ankle sprains.Methods Thirty subjects were recruited,including 15 patients with CAI and 15 healthy volunteers.All subjects completed unanticipated and anticipated jumping tests in a random order,with a 1-week interval between the two tests.Kinematic and kinetic data of lower limbs were collected synchronously using Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform.Results At the moment of touchdown,knee flexion angle was significantly greater during unanticipated jumping than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.009),while ankle eversion angle was notably lower(P=0.043).During the early landing phase,unanticipated jumping showed significantly greater peak hip flexion and abduction angles,as well as knee flexion(P=0.038,P=0.036,P=0.04),while peak ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles were significantly lower(P=0.001,P=0.01)compared to anticipated jumping.Additionally,peak hip abduction moment during unanticipated jumping was significantly higher in patients with CAI than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.028).Conclusions Unanticipated jumping reduced ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles in individuals with CAI,putting the ankle in an open,sprain-prone position.Individuals with CAI compensated proximally by increasing hip flexion,abduction,knee flexion angles,and hip extension moment to stabilize the ankle.

Hemodialysis patients exhibit compromised immune function and require long-term repeated vascular punctures as therapeutic approach,the risk of infection increases.Hospital-associated infection in hemodialysis de-partment(center)happens from time to time,which has already become a concern for the medical community,patients and social media.This paper outlines the task origin of China's"Standard for infection prevention and control in hemodialysis department(center)"(WS/T854-2025),the compilation basis and explanations for its key content,feasibility and implementation recommendations,as well as the clarifications on common issues encoun-tered during its promotion and enforcement.

Objective:To investigate the effects of psychosocial factors on early puberty and its sex specific differences.Methods:Bengbu Yuhui Longitudinal Study of Children Development Cohort, consisting of 1 162 students in grades 1-3 (524 girls) and their parents, was established in April 2021 in Bengbu, Anhui Province. The parents were surveyed by questionnaire to collect the information about their children's 56 items of psychosocial factor exposures, including 5 dimensions: major life events, early life adversity, interpersonal/relational conflict, family economic status and daily life troubles. Pubertal growth and physical examinations were conducted by trained professionals at baseline, the 1 st (May 2022), 2 nd (October 2022), 3 rd (May 2023), and 4 th (October 2023) follow-up surveys. In this study, the pubertal development status data were from the 4 th follow-up examination. Fianally, the valid data on pubertal development of 1 105 children were obtained, including the data from 510 girls (46.15%). Multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between psychosocial factors and early puberty, and the final predictors of early puberty were explored by using four models [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), multiple logistic regression, ridge regression, and Bayesian]. Results:The detection rates of early puberty in boys and girls were 13.60% and 16.30%, respectively. The median of intra-group absolute correlation of psychosocial factor exposure (0.042-0.066) was generally higher than that of inter-group among girls (0.031-0.059), while no similar diference was found among boys. LASSO model showed that moving house, being raised by someone other than parents, sexual abuse, peer conflict, high monthly household income, and high exposure to electronics on school days were predictors of early puberty in girls, while moving house and high monthly household income were the predictors of early puberty in girls in all four models (LASSO, multiple logistic regression, ridge regression, and Bayesian). Among boys, only a transient loss from family was a predictor of early puberty.Conclusion:Early puberty in children can be predicted by psychosocial factors, and there are gender-specific differences.

Objective:To continuously track the publishing budget of provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)in China and comprehend the management changes in the provincial CDCs based on the financial input.Methods:Publishing budget data for the period 2021—2024 of 31 provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations in China were collected and analyzed from the perspectives of time change and proportion relationship.Results:Statistical analysis revealed that the overall budget income of provincial CDCs in 2024 exceeded that of 2021.Most provincial CDCs in many provinces exhibited high-level growth(some with slight fluctuations),stable growth,and rapid growth in budget income changes.The proportion of provincial CDCs'budget income relative to provincial health administrations steadily increased,and the synergistic relationship mainly manifested as increase in the same direction,but there is a situation of changing from"strong benign"to"weak benign".Conclusion:The development of the budget income for provincial CDCs in China aligns with the imperative to establish a stable public health investment mechanism,reflecting more support towards provincial CDCs in recent years.Future efforts should continue focusing on the synergistic relationship between provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations,so as to provide guidance for the local provincial CDC budget management and provide references for CDCs in other provinces.

Objective The differences in biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs between individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and healthy individuals during unanticipated and anticipated jumping were compared,in order to provide practical references and ideas for the prevention and treatment of recurrent ankle sprains.Methods Thirty subjects were recruited,including 15 patients with CAI and 15 healthy volunteers.All subjects completed unanticipated and anticipated jumping tests in a random order,with a 1-week interval between the two tests.Kinematic and kinetic data of lower limbs were collected synchronously using Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform.Results At the moment of touchdown,knee flexion angle was significantly greater during unanticipated jumping than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.009),while ankle eversion angle was notably lower(P=0.043).During the early landing phase,unanticipated jumping showed significantly greater peak hip flexion and abduction angles,as well as knee flexion(P=0.038,P=0.036,P=0.04),while peak ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles were significantly lower(P=0.001,P=0.01)compared to anticipated jumping.Additionally,peak hip abduction moment during unanticipated jumping was significantly higher in patients with CAI than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.028).Conclusions Unanticipated jumping reduced ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles in individuals with CAI,putting the ankle in an open,sprain-prone position.Individuals with CAI compensated proximally by increasing hip flexion,abduction,knee flexion angles,and hip extension moment to stabilize the ankle.

Objective:To investigate the effects of psychosocial factors on early puberty and its sex specific differences.Methods:Bengbu Yuhui Longitudinal Study of Children Development Cohort, consisting of 1 162 students in grades 1-3 (524 girls) and their parents, was established in April 2021 in Bengbu, Anhui Province. The parents were surveyed by questionnaire to collect the information about their children's 56 items of psychosocial factor exposures, including 5 dimensions: major life events, early life adversity, interpersonal/relational conflict, family economic status and daily life troubles. Pubertal growth and physical examinations were conducted by trained professionals at baseline, the 1 st (May 2022), 2 nd (October 2022), 3 rd (May 2023), and 4 th (October 2023) follow-up surveys. In this study, the pubertal development status data were from the 4 th follow-up examination. Fianally, the valid data on pubertal development of 1 105 children were obtained, including the data from 510 girls (46.15%). Multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between psychosocial factors and early puberty, and the final predictors of early puberty were explored by using four models [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), multiple logistic regression, ridge regression, and Bayesian]. Results:The detection rates of early puberty in boys and girls were 13.60% and 16.30%, respectively. The median of intra-group absolute correlation of psychosocial factor exposure (0.042-0.066) was generally higher than that of inter-group among girls (0.031-0.059), while no similar diference was found among boys. LASSO model showed that moving house, being raised by someone other than parents, sexual abuse, peer conflict, high monthly household income, and high exposure to electronics on school days were predictors of early puberty in girls, while moving house and high monthly household income were the predictors of early puberty in girls in all four models (LASSO, multiple logistic regression, ridge regression, and Bayesian). Among boys, only a transient loss from family was a predictor of early puberty.Conclusion:Early puberty in children can be predicted by psychosocial factors, and there are gender-specific differences.

Objective:To continuously track the publishing budget of provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)in China and comprehend the management changes in the provincial CDCs based on the financial input.Methods:Publishing budget data for the period 2021—2024 of 31 provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations in China were collected and analyzed from the perspectives of time change and proportion relationship.Results:Statistical analysis revealed that the overall budget income of provincial CDCs in 2024 exceeded that of 2021.Most provincial CDCs in many provinces exhibited high-level growth(some with slight fluctuations),stable growth,and rapid growth in budget income changes.The proportion of provincial CDCs'budget income relative to provincial health administrations steadily increased,and the synergistic relationship mainly manifested as increase in the same direction,but there is a situation of changing from"strong benign"to"weak benign".Conclusion:The development of the budget income for provincial CDCs in China aligns with the imperative to establish a stable public health investment mechanism,reflecting more support towards provincial CDCs in recent years.Future efforts should continue focusing on the synergistic relationship between provincial CDCs and provincial health administrations,so as to provide guidance for the local provincial CDC budget management and provide references for CDCs in other provinces.

Objective To explore the cardiovascular protective effect of dapagliflozin on patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Patients with HFpEF complicated with T2DM were divided into treatment group and control group according to cohort method.The control group was given 0.5 g of metformin hydrochloride tablet orally twice a day,while the treatment group was given 10 mg of dapagliflozin tablet orally once a day on the basis of treatment in the control group.Patients in both groups were continuously treated for 6 months.The clinical efficacy after treatment and blood glucose indicators[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hours postprandial blood glucose(2 h PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c)],echocardiographic left ventricular parameters[left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular remodeling index(LVRI),left ventricular mass index(LVMI)]and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),serum myocardial fibrosis indicators[matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)]before and after treatment were compared between both groups,and the safety evaluation was performed.Results Seventy-five cases in treatment group and 72 cases in control group were included.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 93.33％(70 cases/75 cases)and 81.94％(59 cases/72 cases),respectively(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of FBG,2 h PBG,HbA1c,LVEF and LVEDD revealed no statistical differences between treatment group and control group(all P＞0.05).After treatment,LVRI values in treatment group and control group were(2.17±0.41)and(2.54±0.46)g·mL-2;LAMI values were(102.47±10.32)and(113.84±15.52)g·m-2;serum NT-proBNP levels were(652.38±208.26)and(993.24±302.69)pg·mL-1;MMP-9 levels were(142.52±21.67)and(168.73±25.88)mg·L-1;TIMP-1 levels were(3.68±0.84)and(3.12±0.91)μg·L-1,respectively(all P＜0.05).The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in treatment group and control group were 14.67％(11 cases/75 cases)and 12.50％(9 cases/72 cases),respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion Dapagliflozin can improve ventricular remodeling and enhance cardiac function in patients with HFpEF complicated with T2DM,and it has a significant cardiovascular protective effect.

Objective To explore the cardiovascular protective effect of dapagliflozin on patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Patients with HFpEF complicated with T2DM were divided into treatment group and control group according to cohort method.The control group was given 0.5 g of metformin hydrochloride tablet orally twice a day,while the treatment group was given 10 mg of dapagliflozin tablet orally once a day on the basis of treatment in the control group.Patients in both groups were continuously treated for 6 months.The clinical efficacy after treatment and blood glucose indicators[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hours postprandial blood glucose(2 h PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c)],echocardiographic left ventricular parameters[left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular remodeling index(LVRI),left ventricular mass index(LVMI)]and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),serum myocardial fibrosis indicators[matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)]before and after treatment were compared between both groups,and the safety evaluation was performed.Results Seventy-five cases in treatment group and 72 cases in control group were included.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 93.33％(70 cases/75 cases)and 81.94％(59 cases/72 cases),respectively(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of FBG,2 h PBG,HbA1c,LVEF and LVEDD revealed no statistical differences between treatment group and control group(all P＞0.05).After treatment,LVRI values in treatment group and control group were(2.17±0.41)and(2.54±0.46)g·mL-2;LAMI values were(102.47±10.32)and(113.84±15.52)g·m-2;serum NT-proBNP levels were(652.38±208.26)and(993.24±302.69)pg·mL-1;MMP-9 levels were(142.52±21.67)and(168.73±25.88)mg·L-1;TIMP-1 levels were(3.68±0.84)and(3.12±0.91)μg·L-1,respectively(all P＜0.05).The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in treatment group and control group were 14.67％(11 cases/75 cases)and 12.50％(9 cases/72 cases),respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion Dapagliflozin can improve ventricular remodeling and enhance cardiac function in patients with HFpEF complicated with T2DM,and it has a significant cardiovascular protective effect.