OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

With the rapid development of sequencing technologies, the detection of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in mammals has become more precise. APA precisely regulates gene expression by altering the length and position of the poly(A) tail, and is involved in various biological processes such as disease occurrence and embryonic development. The research on APA in mammals mainly focuses on the following aspects:(1) identifying APA based on transcriptome data and elucidating their characteristics; (2) investigating the relationship between APA and gene expression regulation to reveal its important role in life regulation;(3) exploring the intrinsic connections between APA and disease occurrence, embryonic development, differentiation, and other life processes to provide new perspectives and methods for disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as uncovering embryonic development regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the classification, mechanisms and functions of APA were elaborated in detail and the methods for APA identifying and APA data resources based on various transcriptome data were systematically summarized. Moreover, we epitomized and provided an outlook on research on APA, emphasizing the role of sequencing technologies in driving studies on APA in mammals. In the future, with the further development of sequencing technology, the regulatory mechanisms of APA in mammals will become clearer.

ObjectiveAutoimmune thyroiditis （AIT） is a complex and immune-mediated disorder， with no established treatment protocol. Both Western and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） focus on the pathogenesis and treatment of AIT. This study evaluated the clinical consistency of existing AIT animal models based on the diagnostic criteria of both Western and TCM， using a novel evaluation method. Additionally， it proposed recommendations and future prospects for improving these models. MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted on existing AIT animal models， using databases and the diagnostic criteria of both Western and TCM. Core and accompanying symptoms of these models were scored based on the diagnostic criteria of both Western and TCM， and clinical consistency was assessed. ResultsMice are the primary experimental animals used in AIT modeling. Modeling methods include vaccine immunization， iodine induction， heterologous thyroid antigen immunization， and a combination of high iodine water and antigen immunization. The average consistency of clinical syndromes based on TCM and Western medicine is 40%， 60%， 54%， and 63%， with the highest consistency observed in the combined high iodine water and antigen immunization model. Pathological models based on TCM are less common， with the liver-stagnation-spleen-deficiency rat model showing high clinical consistency. While most models are designed according to Western medical theory， meeting the surface and structural effectiveness criteria of Western medicine. However， there is a lack of fine-tuning and clear differentiation of TCM syndromes. ConclusionCurrent AIT syndrome-disease combination animal models primarily reflect the pathological features of Western medicine， with limited integration of TCM syndromes. Future research should aim to combine the syndrome characteristics of TCM with the pathological features of Western medicine， creating multi-factor and dynamic syndrome-disease models. Such models would better facilitate an experimental platform that conforms to the theories of TCM， providing more comprehensive support and guidance for the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of AIT.

Objective To investigate the effects of a 100 mT static magnetic field(SMF)on emotional behavior and brain damage-related molecules in mice.Methods Fifty-eight C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into control group(n=25)and observation group(n=33).Mice in observation group were exposed to a 100 mT SMF for 0.5 h/d over 14 consecutive days,while mice in control group underwent pseudo-exposure.On the 7 and 14 days of exposure,anxiety-like behavior was assessed using open field and elevated plus maze tests.Cerebral blood flow was monitored using laser speckle imaging,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-4,central nervous system specific protein β(S100β),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)were measured by radioimmunoassay.BDNF expression in the brain was detected by immunofluorescence.Results On the 7 and 14 days of SMF exposure,the open field and elevated plus maze tests showed no statistically significant differences between observation and control groups in the frequencies,durations,and distance entering the central area of the open field and the open arm of the elevated plus maze(P>0.05).Laser speckle imaging revealed no significant difference in cerebral cortical perfusion compared with pre-exposure period(P>0.05).The results of radioimmunoassay showed that compared with control group,on the 7 d of SMF exposure,the serum IL-1β,NSE and S100β levels were significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum BDNF level was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the IL-1β and TNF-α contents in brain tissues were significantly increased in observation group(P<0.01).On the 14 d of SMF exposure,serum IL-1β,TNF-α,NSE,and S100β levels were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.0001),and the brain IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly increased(P<0.01)in observation group.No statistically significant differences were found in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 level of serum and brain tissue or BDNF content of brain tissue between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Continuous exposure to a 100 mT SMF for 14 d at 0.5 h/d induces neuroinflammation and brain damage in mice,without inducing anxiety-like behavior.

Objective To investigate the density,species composition,and seasonal prevalence of domestic rodents in different habitats within Lanzhou garrisons,providing basic information for rodent prevention and control.Methods A total of 12 monitoring sites were sampled across urban,suburban,and rural residential areas from 2014 to 2022.Rodent density was monitored using the night-trapping method in the middle of odd-numbered months.Results From 2014 to 2022,346 domestic rodents were captured using 122 035 effective traps,with an average domestic rodent density of 0.28％.The highest domestic rodent density was 0.63％in 2016,and the lowest was 0.07％in 2020,showing significant differences across years,with an overall trend of initially decreasing and then increasing(χ2=136.555,P<0.001).The dominant species was Rattus norvegicus,accounting for 83.24％of the total rodents captured.Rattus norvegicus accounted for a relatively high proportion across different years,with a statistically significant difference in species composition(χ2=20.931,P<0.05).Rodent densities and species composition also varied significantly among the monitored habitats(P<0.001),with the highest densities observed in rural residential areas and the lowest in urban areas.Seasonal variation in rodent densities showed a bimodal pattern,with smaller peaks in January or March and a larger peak in July.Conclusions Domestic rodent density in Lanzhou garrisons has shown an upward trend in the past few years.Rodent control measures should focus on barracks in rural residential areas,with targeted interventions to reduce the risk of rodent-borne diseases.

Abstract Skin, the largest organ of the human body, serves as the primary barrier against environmental hazards. Skin aging is a complex process influenced by both intrinsic factors, such as endogenous physiological changes, and extrinsic factors, including environmental exposures, reflecting the internal health status of the body. During skin aging, various cell types exhibit diverse responses to aging-related stimulations. This paper systematically reviews the roles of cells in the pathogenesis of skin aging and explores potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating this process. Furthermore, based on the biological activities of cells during skin aging, we elucidate the interaction mechanisms among cells within the skin microenvironment.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value and clinical effect of 3D printing combined with customized bone plate in the treatment of acetabular fracture. METHODS: From June 2020 to June 2022, 11 patients with acetabular fractures underwent preoperative planning using 3D printing technology and were treated with customized bone plates including 8 males and 3 females, aged 25 to 66 years old. The fractures were classified according to Letournel-Judet:4 posterior wall fractures, 2 T-type fractures, 2 transverse posterior wall fractures, 2 double column fractures, and 1 anterior column with posterior semi-transverse fractures. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative fracture healing time, and hip function score were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The operation time of 11 patients was 80 to 150 min, intraoperative blood volume was 150 to 700 ml, fluoroscopy frequency was 2 to 6, postoperative drainage flow was 60 to 195 ml, and the fracture healing time was 2.5 to 6.0 months. Fracture reduction was evaluated according to Matta score:anatomical reduction in 3 cases and satisfactory reduction in 8 cases. Eleven patients were followed up for 7 to 18 months. The hip Merle d'Aubigne function scores were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case. Incision fat liquefaction occurred in 1 case and obturator nerve traction in 1 case. CONCLUSION The application of 3D printing technology combined with customized bone plates in the treatment of acetabular fracture is effective. In addition, the printed model can provide the operator with the results of the three-dimensional shape of the fracture, which is convenient for surgical reduction and effectively improves the efficiency of surgery.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Acetabulum/surgery* ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods*