Pertussis is an acute, highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, and is one of the leading causes of infant disease and death worldwide. The pertussis vaccine has been used in the expanded program on immunization globally since 1974 and the vaccination coverage remains high. In recent years, the pertussis incidence rate increased, even pertussis outbreaks occurred, in more and more countries or areas after years with low incidence level. The disease burden of pertussis has been seriously underestimated, and the prevention and control of pertussis is facing many challenges. This article reviews the epidemic status of pertussis worldwide, the factors affecting the reemergence of pertussis, and the challenges in the prevention and control to provide a reference for prevention and control of pertussis.
Infant ; Humans ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control* ; Vaccination ; Pertussis Vaccine/therapeutic use* ; Bordetella pertussis ; Disease Outbreaks

Adult vaccination is an important component of the life-course immunization for all. Strengthening adult vaccination in China contributes to shrinking immunization gaps between regions and groups, enhancing the overall immunity of our population, and promoting health equity and social prosperity. Chinese adults bear the heavy burden of vaccine preventable diseases such as influenza, pneumococcal diseases and shingles, and have low coverage of vaccines against those diseases, so it is necessary to make efforts to improve adult vaccination development. This article focuses on elaborating the values of adult vaccination, introducing the current status of adult vaccination abroad, and analyzing the challenges and existing foundations for China to provide adult vaccination, and makes suggestions for the building and development of adult vaccination.
Adult ; Humans ; Asian People ; China ; Vaccination

Adult vaccination is an important component of the life-course immunization for all. Strengthening adult vaccination in China contributes to shrinking immunization gaps between regions and groups, enhancing the overall immunity of our population, and promoting health equity and social prosperity. Chinese adults bear the heavy burden of vaccine preventable diseases such as influenza, pneumococcal diseases and shingles, and have low coverage of vaccines against those diseases, so it is necessary to make efforts to improve adult vaccination development. This article focuses on elaborating the values of adult vaccination, introducing the current status of adult vaccination abroad, and analyzing the challenges and existing foundations for China to provide adult vaccination, and makes suggestions for the building and development of adult vaccination.
Adult ; Humans ; Asian People ; China ; Vaccination

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought great challenges to the traditional medical model. During the outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China, from March to May, 2022, there was a significant increase in the number of pediatric cases due to high transmissibility, immune escape, and vaccine breakthrough capacity of Omicron variants. The designated hospitals for children with COVID-19 served as a connecting link between children's specialized hospitals and mobile cabin hospitals. From April 7 to June 2, 2022, a total of 871 children with COVID-19 were admitted to Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (South Branch), a designated hospital for children with COVID-19. Among these patients, 568 (65.2%) were children under 3 years old, 870 (99.9%) were mild or moderate, and 1 was severe. This article reports the experience in the management of pediatric cases in this designated hospital, which included the following aspects: establishing an optimal case-admission process; strengthening multidisciplinary standardized diagnosis and treatment; optimizing the management, warning, and rescue system for severe COVID-19; implementing family-centered nursing care; formulating an individualized traditional Chinese medicine treatment regimen; optimizing the discharge process and strengthening bed turnover; implementing strict whole-process control to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection; constructing a structured medical record system and using information platforms to adapt to the work mode of large-volume cases; conducting scientific research and sharing the experience in diagnosis and treatment.
COVID-19 ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus ; immunology ; Coronavirus Infections ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; immunology

Objcetive: To explore the treatment of long segment defect of tibia by using tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap or deep circumflex iliac pedicle iliac flap. Methods: From February 2012 to August 2017, The People′s Hospital of Zun Yi City Bo Zhou District treated 16 patients who had long segment defect of tibia.There were 11 males and 5 females, age from 22 to 58 years old, the average age was 42 years old. Iliac flap grafting with tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap or deep circumflex iliac pedicle was used to treat the defect of long segment of tibia. There were 4 cases with simple tibial defect and 12 cases with skin defect. The longest tibial defect was 5-8 cm. Results: In this study, four patients used iliac flaps with deep circumflex iliac pedicle, the area of flaps ranged from 2.5 cm×5.0 cm to 5.0 cm×10.0 cm, while the area of iliac flaps ranged from 5.0 cm×2.5 cm to 8.0 cm×4.0 cm. Twelve patients used grafting with tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap, the area of flaps ranged from 5.0 cm×12.0 cm to 12.0 cm×23.0 cm, while the area of iliac flaps ranged from 7.0 cm×2.0 cm to 8.0 cm×4.0 cm. All 16 cases of bone flap were survived, fracture healing, without surgical complications. The average follow-up period was 1.5 years, the flaps had good appearance in 10 cases and was slightly bloated in 6 cases; the ankle had normal motion in 14 cases and had poor dorsal extension in 2 cases. X-ray films showed that the bone flap repaired the bone defects and reached bone healing. Conclusions Vascularized tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap or deep circumflex iliac pedicle iliac flap grafts increase local blood supply and accelerate the process of fracture healing.

Objective To investigate effects of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on proliferation of human breast cancer cell line Hs578T,and the methylation status of PRDM10 gene in vitro in this cell line.Methods The human breast cancer cell line Hs578T was cultured with 1,3 and 5 μmol/L DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR respectively, and untreated cells were used as control.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.Methylation-Specific PCR(MSP)was used to detect the methylation status of PRDM10 gene. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PRDM10 gene were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. Results MTT results showed that the higher the concentration of 5-Aza-CdR,and the longer the treatment time,the more significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Hs578T cells.Compared with the control group(0 μmol/L),the proliferation of Hs578T was significantly inhibited after the treatment for 72 h in the 1 μmol/L group, and for 48 h in the 3 μmol/L and 5 μmol/L groups (P<0.05). MSP results showed that the higher the concentration of 5-Aza-CdR,the more significant demethylation of PRDM10.Results of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the higher the concentration of 5-Aza-CdR, the higher the expression levels of mRNA and protein in PRDM10 (P<0.05).Conclusion 5-Aza-CdR could inhibit the cell proliferation of Hs578T,which might be related to the demethylation of PRDM10 gene in the cells.

OBJECTIVETo explore the anti-myeloma effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and on mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism.

METHODSThe inhibitory effect of SAHA on SP2/0 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay,and the apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry FACS. The protein expression of Caspase-3 and p53 of SP2/0 cells treated with SAHA were examined by Western blot. Annexin V/7-AAD double staining was performed to detect the apoptosis of SP2/0 induced by SAHA in vitro. SP2/0 cells (1×10) resuspended in 200 µl PBS were inoculated subcutaneously and intravenously into BALB/c mice, so as to establish aggressive or non-aggressive myeloma-bearing mouse models respectively. On day 3 after modeling, mice received SAHA or vehicle control treatment by intraperitoneal injection. The dose of SAHA was 60 mg/kg·d, 5 times a week for 3 weeks.

RESULTSIn SAHA-treated SP2/0 cells, the proliferation inhibition rate and apoptotic cells increased in a dose dependent manner. Also, SAHA significantly increased the ratio of cells in G phase and decreased in S phase. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of SP2/0 induced by SAHA partly correlated with up-regulating the expression level of Caspase-3 and p53. In the non-aggressive myeloma-bearing mice, SP2/0 cells disappeared in peripheral blood after SAHA treatment. In the aggressive myeloma-bearing mice, inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of the cell survival were observed after SAHA treatment.

CONCLUSIONSAHA inhibited SP2/0 cell proliferation, this effect associates with inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, the mechanism of SAHA ralates partly with activating Caspase-3 and p53 pathway.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Hydroxamic Acids ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Multiple Myeloma

Objective To investigate the effect of the over-expressed CTCF on apoptosis factors Bax and Bcl-2 in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of CTCF,Bax and Bcl-2 in MDA-MB-231. The overexpression vector of CTCF/pEGFP-N1 was constructed. The overexpression plasmid CTCF/pEGFP-N1 and the empty vector plasmid pEGFP-N1 were transfected into breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 by lentivirus transfection, and the MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into CTCF group and control group. After successfully transfection of MDA-MB-231 identified by RT-PCR, real time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in MDA-MB-231 of the CTCF group and the control group. The protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression of CTCF was not found in MDA-MB-231, and expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were found in MDA-MB-231. Results of Q-PCR showed that the mRNA levels of Bax were 4.63±1.08 and 2.27±0.16 in CTCF group and control group, respectively, and they were statistically significant (t=27.50, P<0.05). The mRNA levels of Bcl-2 were 1.39±0.14 and 3.56 ± 0.97 in CTCF group and control group, and there was significant difference between two groups(t=39.00, P<0.05). Results of Western blot assay showed that the protein level of Bax was higher in CTCF group compared with that of control group. The protein level of Bcl-2 was lower in CTCF group compared with that of control group. Results of ELISA showed that the protein levels of Bax were 15.25±2.17 and 6.24±1.78 in CTCF group and control group, respectively, and there was significant difference between the two groups (t=26.84, P<0.05). The protein levels of Bcl-2 were 4.59 ± 0.97 and 10.68 ± 1.93, and there was significant difference between the two groups (t=21.72, P<0.05). Conclusion The over-expressed CTCF can promote the expression of apoptotic factors and inhibit the expression of anti-apoptotic factors in breast cancer cells.

Objective To construct the silencing vector of FOS like antigen 1 (FOSL1) gene, and study the effects of FOSL1 on cell proliferation, cell invasiveness and the methylation level of PRDM10 gene in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods The FOSL1 silencing vector of gene pLVX-shRNA-FOSL1-shRNA was purchased. The FOSL1 silencing vector and the empty vector were separately transfected into MDA-MB-231, which were regarded as transfection group and empty group, respectively. Untransfected MDA-MB-231 was used as control group. FOSL1 was verified by PCR in MDA-MB-231. The cell proliferation ability and cell invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 were detected by MTT and Transwell assay, respectively. MSP was used to detect the methylation status of PRDM10 gene. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PRDM10 gene were detected by Q-PCR and Western-blot assay. Results MTT results showed that the optical density (OD) values were significantly lower in transfection group compared with those of control group at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (all P<0.05), and the same as those compared with empty group at 48 h and 72 h (both P<0.05). Compared with empty group and control group, Transwell assays showed that the cell invasive abilities of MDA-MB-231 were decreased in transfection group (both P<0.05), and MSP assay showed that the methylation of PRDM10 gene was decreased in MDA-MB-231, and Q-PCR and Western-blot tests showed that the expressions of PRDM10 gene were increased in mRNA level and in protein level. Conclusion Silencing of FOSL1 gene inhibits the proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, which might be related to the demethylation of PRDM10 gene in the cells.