Objective: To investigate the glycemic control status and analyze its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at a single center in Xinjiang. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The clinical data of children with T1DM who were admitted to the Pediatric Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 were collected, including their general information, course of disease, insulin administration method, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. According to the HbA1c target, the patients were divided into 2 groups: the achieved group (HbA1c<7.5%) and non-achieved group (HbA1c≥7.5%). Age, ethnicity, course of diabetes and insulin administration methods were compared between the 2 groups using χ² test or Mann-Whitney U test. The correlations were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Binary Logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze factors influencing HbA1c target achievement. Results: Among the 514 children with T1DM, 250 (48.6%) were males and 264 (51.4%) were females, with age of 10 (7, 12) years and a diabetes duration of 2.0 (0.8, 3.7) years. The HbA1c level was 9.8%±2.7%. There were 130 cases (25.3%) in the achieved group and 384 cases (74.7%) in the non-achieved group. There were significant differences in age, ethnicity, course of disease, and insulin administration method between the two groups (all P<0.05). Both HbA1c and age were linearly positively correlated with disease duration (r=0.29, 0.29, respectively; both P<0.05). Age≥10 years, disease duration≥5 years, Uygur ethnicity, and Kazak ethnicity were identified as the risk factors for achieving the HbA1c target (OR=2.73, 4.33, 5.96, 6.02; 95%CI 1.11-6.73, 1.67-11.25, 3.23-10.99, 3.08-11.79, respectively). The use of insulin pump was a protective factor for achieving HbA1c targets (OR=0.53, 95%CI 0.33-0.87, P<0.05). Conclusions: Glycemic control in children with T1DM in Xinjiang is suboptimal. The use of insulin pump is a significant factor closely associated with better glycemic control.