The chemical constituents of the petroleum ether extract derived from the 90% ethanol extract of Elephantopus scaber were investigated. By silica gel column chromatography, C_(18), MCI column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography, ten compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as 3β-hydroxy-6β,7β-epoxytaraxeran-14-ene(1), 3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(2), D-friedoolean-14-ene-3β,7α-diol(3), 3β-hydroxy-11α-methoxyolean-12-ene(4), 3β-hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-diene(5), 11α-hydroxy-β-amyrin(6), betulinic acid(7), 3β-hydroxy-30-norlupan-20-one(8), 6-acetonylchelerythrine(9), and 4',5'-dehydrodiodictyonema A(10) by analysis of the 1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS, and IR spectral data. Among them, compound 1 was a new triterpene and other compounds except compounds 2 and 7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Male ; Humans ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics* ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the incidence of postoperative malnutrition in colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative colorectal cancer surgery using the Golbal Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria,and to explore the impact of malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria on short-term clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.Method:We included a prospective cohort of 171 patients who underwent curative colorectal cancer surgery in Chongqing JiuLongpo People's Hospital from September 2022 to May 2023.Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002)was used for nutritional risk screening and GLIM criteria was used for the diagnosis of malnutrition.To compare the short-term postoperative clinical outcomes between the well-nourished group and the malnourished group under the GLIM criteria.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the risk factors of postoperative complications.Result:Among the included cases,nutritional screening data showed that 74(43.27％)patients were considered to be at risk of malnutrition(NRS 2002≥3),while based on GLIM criteria,63 patients(36.84％)were diagnosed as malnutrition.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that GLIM-defined malnutrition was associated with total postoperative complications[odds ratio:2.075(95％CI:1.292～3.333),P=0.002].Multivariat analysis showed that women,BMI＜18.5kg/m2,smoking history,low differentiation of tumor,sarcopenia,laparotomy,low prealbumin,were independent risk factors for total postoperative complications.Conclusions:The nutritional diagnosis based on the GLIM criteria can effectively reflect the preoperative nutritional status of patients with colorectal cancer.GLIM-defined preoperative malnutrition can predict the risk of short-term complications in colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative colorectal cancersurgery.

Immunotherapy has completely changed the paradigm of clinical tumor treatment, but immune checkpoint inhibitors still have low objective response rates and are prone to drug resistance for most solid tumors. The immune suppression tumor microenvironment and complicated tumor immune escape mechanisms are key factors that affect the clinical outcome and response rates. Therefore, it is critical to reverse the obstacle of the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapy efficacy. The immune suppression caused by the increased level of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment raises the attention of people. Targeting adenosine receptors, especially A_2AR, will be an effective strategy to improve immunotherapy efficacy. Targeting the adenosine-A_2A pathway can increase immune infiltration, enhance immune cell function, and partially reverse immunotherapy-insensitive "cold tumors" to "hot tumors" to enhance treatment response rates and improve the efficacy of current immunotherapy. At present, many adenosine receptor inhibitors have shown good results in clinical trials, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and adoptive cell transfer therapeutic drugs, which are expected to be used for tumor immunotherapy to bring new breakthroughs. This article reviews the accumulation mode of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, the role of A_2AR and their regulatory mechanism in immune response, the progress of A_2AR inhibitors in clinical trials, potential risks to target A_2AR, and the prospects for therapeutic targeting A_2AR.

Objective:To study the use of three-dimensional (3D) visualization in diagnosis and interventional treatment of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) presenting with inferior vena cava obstruction and dangerous collateral branches.Methods:The data of 28 patients with BCS presenting with inferior vena cava obstruction and dangerous collateral branches treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from September 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 males and 17 females with a mean age of 49.0 years. Enhanced MR images of these 28 patients were used to build 3D visualization of inferior vena cava. Anteroposterior and left lateral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of inferior vena cava were performed. The inferior vena cava of these patients was recanalized under guidance of 3D visualization, and patency of inferior vena cava was determined on follow up.Results:3D visualization of inferior vena cava was successfully constructed in all the 28 patients, and 51 dangerous collateral branches were displayed. One, 2, 3 and 4 dangerous collateral branches were found in 13, 8, 6 and 1 patients, respectively. The average angle between the preoperative planning puncture route and the long axis of the proximal end of inferior vena cava was 22.2°. The orifices and courses of the dangerous collaterals and the shape of inferior vena cava could be clearly displayed on 3D visualization in all the 28 patients (100.0%), which were significantly better than the 6 patients (21.4%) using DSA obtained in the anteroposterior and left lateral positions (χ 2=20.045, P<0.05). The inferior vena cava was successfully recanalized in all the 28 patients without complications. On follow up of these patients for 2 to 30 months (mean 18.4 months), the inferior vena cava was patent in 25 patients. Three patients developed inferior vena cava re-obstruction at 3, 4 and 14 months after interventional treatment, respectively. Conclusion:3D visualization was useful in the diagnosis and interventional treatment of patients with BCS presenting with inferior vena cava obstruction and dangerous collateral branches.

Objective In cerebral aneurysm clipping and embolization, blood pressure control and temporary parent artery blocking are common methods to prevent aneurysm rupture. Their influence on the prognosis is uncertain. In this study, we try to find out the association between methods above and prognostic indicators.Methods We held a retrospective analysis on patients' medical records of cerebral aneurysms surgical clipping and endovascular coiling , and recorded gender, age, diagnosis, Hunt-Hess grade, Glasgow coma scale score, treatment methods, a history of hypertension, preoperative systolic blood pressure, with or without controlled hypotension, systolic blood pressure difference before and after controlled hypotension, with or without temporary artery blocking, with or without hypertension after treated aneurysm, prognostic indicators including mortality after 1 month, intensive care unit (ICU) stay time of survivors, discharged Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score. Prognostic indicators were regarded as dependent variable, all the factors were regarded as independent variable, and the strength analysis of influence factors on prognostic indicators was made by binary logistic regression.Results Total cases were 165, including 68 males and 97 females, with an average age of 56 (12-85) years. The mortality after 1 month was 10.9% (18 cases). The ICU stay time of survivors was 7.35 (0-67) days. GOS score at discharge was 1-3 in 40 (24.2%) patients and 4-5 in 125 (75.8%) patients. Systolic blood pressure difference before and after controlled hypotension was an independent factor influencing mortality (t=2.273, P=0.024), and the greater the difference was, the higher the mortality would be. Timely hypertension after aneurysm treated was an independent factor affecting ICU stay time of survivors and patients with hypertension had shorter ICU stay time (χ=10.017, P=0.001). Blood pressure control (χ=0.088, P=0.767) and temporary blocking (χ=1.307, P=0.253) did not show significant influence on GOS score at discharge.Conclusions Timely controlled hypertension after aneurysm clipping and embolization can significantly shorten the stay time in ICU. The degree of controlled hypotension associates with postoperative mortality, the greater systolic blood pressure difference before and after antihypertensive treatment is, the higher the mortality will be.

This study was purposed to investigate the immune reconstitution of T-cells in patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hiHSCT). The peripheral blood was harvested from 22 patients before transplantation and at month 1, 3, 6 after hiHSCT. The proportions of T lymphocyte subtypes including CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD45RO(+), and CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) were analyzed by flow cytometry, followed by the calculation of T cell numbers according to the amounts of peripheral blood leukocytes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) value in CD4(+) T cells was measured by ImmuKnow method to evaluate the function of lymphocytes. The results showed that the CD3(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 833.75 ± 359.84/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 318.87 ± 266.71/µl, 1006.76 ± 512.32/µl and 1296.38 ± 958.77/µl respectively. The CD4(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 336.99 ± 211.11/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 45.89 ± 44.21/µl, 142.97 ± 114.85/µl, and 181.78 ± 120.61/µl respectively. The CD8(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 430.21 ± 159.48/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 230.44 ± 195.89/µl, 621.64 ± 318.83/µl, and 823.07 ± 633.55/µl respectively. The CD4(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 227.44 ± 73.34/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 43.47 ± 43.40/µl, 138.69 ± 110.17/µl, 147.73 ± 82.94/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 212.70 ± 98.48/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 184.76 ± 168.65/µl, 445.90 ± 252.50/µl, 519.80 ± 475.53/µl respectively. CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell number before transplantation was 68.94 ± 59.74/µl, but such cell numbers at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation decreased to 2.44 ± 2.93/µl, 3.14 ± 3.48/µl, 23.22 ± 38.38/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell absolute value before transplantation was 124.82 ± 60.95/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 decreased to 19.37 ± 17.71/µl, 76.63 ± 50.85/µl, and 114.49 ± 174.29/µl respectively. The ATP value in CD4(+) T cells decreased to 210.19 ± 119.37 ng/ml at month 1 after transplantation and increased to 280.62 ± 110.03 ng/ml at month 3, and 357.28 ± 76.18 ng/ml at month 6 after transplantation. It is concluded that CD8(+) memory T cell reconstruction contributes critically to T cell recovery early after hiHSCT, while the thymic output function remains low. However, T cell function recovers to normal range at month 3 after transplantation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on blood coagulation of beagles irradiated by 2.3 Gy neutron so as to provide new therapy for blood coagulation disorder after neutron irradiation. 10 beagles were exposed to 2.3 Gy neutron, and then randomly assigned into supportive care group and rhG-CSF-treated group. The rhG-CSF-treated cohorts were injected subcutaneously with rhG-CSF (10 µg/kg·d) beginning at the day of exposure for 21 consecutive days. Peripheral blood platelet counts were examined once every two days. In vitro platelet aggregation test, thromboelastography and blood clotting tetrachoric tests were also performed. The results indicated that the blood clotting system of irradiated dogs was in hypercoagulable state in the early days after 2.3 Gy neutron irradiation, and became hypocoagulable at crisis later and were mainly on intrinsic coagulation pathway. Blood fibrinogen increased markedly during the course of disease, while platelet counts and aggregation function were decreased remarkably. rhG-CSF administered daily could correct hypercoagulable state induced by 2.3 Gy neutron irradiation at the early time post exposure, shortened the thromboplastin generation time and clotting formation, down-regulated the abnormal high fibrinogen in blood, and improved platelet aggregation function. It is concluded that rhG-CSF can improve coagulation disorders of irradiated dogs.
Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Bone Marrow ; radiation effects ; Dogs ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Neutron Diffraction ; Platelet Count ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Recombinant Proteins

This study was purposed to investigate the practicality of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on jak2 gene in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. The DNA fragment containing 2 SNPs of jak2 (C428T and C643T) was amplified using PCR and was purified. The purified product was used as the template for primer extension (PEX). The small products of allele-specific reaction were purified, the SNPs on jak2 gene of 5 patients with MM and 5 healthy persons were detected by MALDI-TOF MS. The results showed that the distribution of genotype C428T and C643T was not different between MM patients and healthy persons, both of which are homozygous T/T. In conclusion, the method based on MALDI-TOF MS and PEX technique for detecting SNP in jak2 gene is rapid, accurate and reliable method, and can be used in clinical practice.
Case-Control Studies ; DNA Primers ; Genotype ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

Objective To investigate the role of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in enhancing the lethal effects of bleomycin in Tca8113 cell line.Methods Tca8113 ceils were treated with different concentrations of celecoxib and bleomycin for 24, 48, 72 h.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to calculate cell growth inhibition rate and Jin Zheng Jun's method was used to evaluate the interaction of celecoxib and bleomycin on Tca8113 cells.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effects of combined use of celecoxib and bleomycin on cell cycle progress and apoptosis.Results Low dose of celecoxib (10 μmol/L, ＜IC50) combined with bleomycin showed synergism or additive lethal effect on Tca8113 cell line.Celecoxib could notably enhance the inhibitory effect of bleomycin on Tca8113 cells by blocking cell cycle progress and thus resulting in the increasing G0/G1 cells [(60.93±0.32) %] distribution and inducing apoptosis [(1.87±0.11) %].Conclusions Low doses of celecoxib could significantly enhance the lethal effect of bleomycin on Tca8113 cells by inhibiting cell growth and proliferation through blocking cell cycle progress and inducing apoptosis.The ways of these interactions on inhibiting Tca8113 cell growth were synergistic or/and additive.