Objective To compare the three methods in intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)dose verification using PTW Detector729.Methods A total of 50 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer,lung cancer,breast cancer,cervical cancer and whole brain radiation therapy who completed radiation treatment at some hospital from January to December 2022 were selected retrospectively.Two-dimensional(zero and actual gantry angles)and three-dimensional dose verifications were carried out for the IMRT plans using PTW Detector729 2D ionization chamber matrix combined with PTW RW3 solid water and PTW Ocavius 4D rotation unit.The dose assessment threshold was set to 10％,and the γ pass rates of the three verification methods were counted under four assessment criteria,namely 3％/1 mm,2％/2 mm,3％/2 mm and 3％/3 mm.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results Under the 10％dose assessment threshold criterion,zero-gantry-angle 2D dose verification had the highest γ pass rate,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);actual-gantry-angle 2D dose verification had the γ pass rate higher than that of 3D verification,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The γ pass rates of the three verification methods gradually increased under four criteria,namely,3％/1 mm,2％/2 mm,3％/2 mm and 3％/3 mm,and exceeded 90％under the 3％/2 mm criterion,and the results met the requirements of clinical radiotherapy.Conclusion The results of the three verification methods satisfy the requirements of the IMRT dose verification practice guidelines,and the selection of appropriate verification methods is of great significance to ensure the implementation of the treatment plan.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(5):56-59]

Aim To study the apoptosis of human hep-atoma cell line ( HepG2 ) induced by different polar parts of Arnebia euchroma ( Royle ) Johnst ( AE ) and to verify its anti-hepatoma effect by a mouse orthotopic liver cancer model so as to explore the anti-cancer effect of AE extract. Methods Firstly, MTT method and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method were used to detect the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of each polar part of AE on HepG2 cells, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 apoptosis family proteins incells. Based on the above experimental results, the effective parts with significant pro-apoptotic effect were screened out for anti-in situ liver cancer experiments in mice, and the organ indexes, liver function indexes and tissue sections of mice with orthotopic liver cancer before and after administration were evaluated. Results With the decrease of the polarity of AE extract,the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects on HepG2 cells were enhanced, and the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects of AE petroleum ether fraction ( AEP) were the most significant. When AEP dose was 1.56 (μg • L

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of micro and mini parotid gland tumors and to provide reference for their clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Patients with parotid gland tumors treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from December 2012 to April 2020 were selected. Relevant clinical data of the patients with tumor diameter ≤20 mm detected by preoperative CT were collected to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of micro and mini parotid gland tumors. And the collected data were divided into two groups with diameter 11-20 mm and diameter ≤10 mm according to tumor diameter measured by preoperative CT. The clinicopathological differences between the two groups were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2 067 patients with primary epithelial parotid gland tumors were collected, and 685 patients with tumor diameter ≤20 mm were examined by CT, accounting for 33.1%. The ratio of male to female patients with micro and mini parotid gland tumors was 1 ∶1.93, the average age was (45.3±13.8) years (12-83 years), and the median course of disease was 12 months (1 week to 30 years). Among them, 635 cases (92.7%) were benign tumors, 50 cases (7.3%) were malignant tumors, and the ratio of benign to malignant was 12.7 ∶1. The most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma, and the most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The micro and mini parotid gland tumors were divided into 11-20 mm group (n=611) and ≤10 mm group (n=74), the clinical characteristics comparison of the two groups of gender ratio, average age, course of di-sease had no statistical difference (P>0.05). In the 11-20 mm diameter group, the percentage of benign and malignant tumor was 92.8% (567/611) and 7.2% (44/611) respectively, and the ratio of benign to malignant tumors was 12.9 ∶1. In the ≤10 mm diameter group, the percentage of benign and malignant tumor was 91.9% (68/74) and 8.1% (6/74) respectively, and the ratio of benign to malignant tumors was 11.3 ∶1. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Fifty patients with malignant tumor were followed up for the median follow-up period of 39.5 months (1-91 months). Local recurrence occurred in 2 patients with one death. The overall 2-year survival rate was 93.7% and the 5-year survival rate was 89.3%. CONCLUSION The majority of micro and mini parotid gland tumors was benign lesion. There was a good prognosis for micro and mini parotid gland carcinoma. Early surgical treatment was recommended for micro and mini parotid gland tumors.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic/surgery* ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland ; Parotid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies

Background/Aims: Direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have been approved for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. Nevertheless, the complicated comedications and their potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with DAAs might limit clinical practice in this special population. Methods: The number, class, and characteristics of comedications and their potential DDIs with five DAA regimens were analyzed among HCV-viremic patients from 23 hemodialysis centers in Taiwan. Results: Of 2,015 hemodialysis patients screened in 2019, 169 patients seropositive for HCV RNA were enrolled (mean age, 65.6 years; median duration of hemodialysis, 5.8 years). All patients received at least one comedication (median number, 6; mean class number, 3.4). The most common comedication classes were ESRD-associated medications (94.1%), cardiovascular drugs (69.8%) and antidiabetic drugs (43.2%). ESRD-associated medications were excluded from DDI analysis. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir had the highest frequency of potential contraindicated DDIs (red, 5.6%), followed by glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (4.0%), sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (1.3%), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (1.3%), and elbasvir/grazoprevir (0.3%). For potentially significant DDIs (orange, requiring close monitoring or dose adjustments), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir had the highest frequency (19.9%), followed by sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (18.2%), glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (12.6%), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (12.6%), and elbasvir/grazoprevir (7.3%). Overall, lipid-lowering agents were the most common comedication class with red-category DDIs to all DAA regimens (n=62), followed by cardiovascular agents (n=15), and central nervous system agents (n=10). Conclusions HCV-viremic patients on hemodialysis had a very high prevalence of comedications with a broad spectrum, which had varied DDIs with currently available DAA regimens. Elbasvir/grazoprevir had the fewest potential DDIs, and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir had the most potential DDIs.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of mixed reality technique for the surgery of oral and maxillofacial tumors. METHODS: In this study, patients with a diagnosis of an oral and maxillofacial tumor who were referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from December 2018 to January 2020 were selected. The preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography data of the patients were imported into StarAtlas Holographic Medical Imaging System (Visual 3D Corp., Beijing, China). Three-dimensional (3D) model of tumor and key structures, such as skeleton and vessels were reconstructed to three-dimensionally present the spatial relationship between them, followed with the key structures delineation and preoperative virtual surgical planning. By using mixed reality technique, the real-time 3D model was displayed stereotactically in the surgical site. While keeping sterile during operation, the surgeon could use simple gestures to adjust the 3D model, and observed the location, range, and size of tumor and the key structures adjacent to the tumor. Mixed reality technique was used to assist the operation: 3D model registration was performed for guidance before tumor excision; intraoperative real-time verification was performed during tumor exposure and after excision of the tumor. The Likert scale was used to evaluate the application of mixed reality technique after the operation. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent mixed reality assisted tumor resection, and all of them successfully completed the operation. The average time of the 3D model registration was 12.0 minutes. In all the cases, the surgeon could intuitively and three-dimensionally observe the 3D model of the tumor and the surrounding anatomical structures, and could adjust the model during the operation. The results of the Likert scale showed that mixed reality technique got high scores in terms of perceptual accuracy, helping to locate the anatomical parts, the role of model guidance during surgery, and the potential for improving surgical safety (4.22, 4.19, 4.16, and 4.28 points respectively). Eight patients healed well without perioperative complications. CONCLUSION By providing real-time stereotactic visualization of anatomy of surgical site and guiding the operation process through 3D model, mixed reality technique could improve the accuracy and safety of the excision of oral and maxillofacial tumors.
Augmented Reality ; China ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBMC) promoting nerve behavior function and brain tissue recovery of neonatal SD rat with hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIBI).

METHODA modified newborn rat model that had a combined hypoxic and ischemic brain injury as described by Rice-Vannucci was used, early nervous reflex, the Morris water maze and walking track analysis were used to evaluate nervous behavioral function, and brain MRI, HE staining to evaluate brain damage recovery.

RESULTNewborn rat Rice-Vannucci model showed significant brain atrophy, obvious hemiplegia of contralateral limbs,e.g right step length [(7.67 ± 0.46) cm vs. (8.22 ± 0.50) cm, F = 1.494] and toe distance [(0.93 ± 0.06) cm vs. (1.12 ± 0.55) cm, F = 0.186] were significantly reduced compared with left side, learning and memory ability was significantly impaired compared with normal control group (P < 0.01); Cliff aversion [(8.44 ± 2.38) s vs.(14.22 ± 5.07) s, t = 4.618] and negative geotaxis reflex time [(7.26 ± 2.00) s vs. (11.76 ± 3.73) s, t = 4.755] on postnatal 14 days of HIBI+ transplantation group were significantly reduced compared with HIBI+NaCl group (P < 0.01) ; the Morris water maze experiment showed escape latency [ (23.11 ± 6.64) s vs. (34.04 ± 12.95) s, t = 3.356] and swimming distance [ (9.12 ± 1.21) cm vs.(12.70 ± 1.53) cm, t = 17.095] of HIBI+transplantation group were significantly reduced compared with those of HIBI+NaCl group (P < 0.01) ; the residual brain volume on postnatal 10 d [ (75.37 ± 4.53)% vs. (67.17 ± 4.08)%, t = -6.017] and 67 d [ (69.05 ± 3.58)% vs.(60.83 ± 3.69)%, t = -7.148]of HIBI+ transplantation group were significantly larger than those of HIBI+NaCl group (P < 0.01); After human UCBMC transplantation, left cortical edema significantly reduced and nerve cell necrosis of HIBI+ transplantation group is not obvious compared with HIBI+NaCl group.

CONCLUSIONHuman UCBMC intraperitoneal transplantation significantly promoted recovery of injured brain cells and neurobehavioral function development.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Atrophy ; etiology ; pathology ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Learning Disorders ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; transplantation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Neurons ; pathology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVESTo summarize the experiences in clinical application of neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery of specific pituitary adenomas, and to discuss its indications.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to December 2010, 138 cases of transsphenoidal microsurgery for specific pituitary adenomas under neuronavigation were reviewed. The indications for neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery includes: recurrent or regrowth of residual pituitary adenomas after former transsphenoidal surgery in 36 cases, invasive pituitary adenomas in 45 cases, extremely laterally or deeply situated microadenomas in 45 cases, poor pneumatization of the sphenoid in 4 cases, skull base anomalies due to osteodysplasia fibrosa in 3 cases, narrow space between bilateral internal carotid arteries in 4 cases, distortion of nasal septum in 1 case.

RESULTSIn the recurrence group, 12 were totally removed, 9 subtotally removed; postoperative complications included hematoma within the tumor cavity in 2 cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in 4 cases among which 3 developed intracranial infection and 2 communicating hydrocephalus, oculomotor paralysis in 1 case and hypopituitarism in 3 cases; 9 were cured and 8 remission. In the invasive group, 5 were totally removed, 27 subtotally removed; postoperative complications included hematoma within the tumor cavity in 1 case, CSF leakage and intracranial infection in 1 case; 2 were cured and 22 remission. None of the 30 invasive hormone-secreting adenomas were cured or remission. The 45 cases of hormone-secreting microadenomas were all totally removed, among which 38 were cured. Among the poor sphenoid pneumatization group, total and subtotal tumor removal were achieved in 2 cases respectively with only one cured. In the skull base anomaly group, 2 were totally removed and 1 subtotally removed, with only one cured. For the cases with narrow space between bilateral internal carotid arteries and distortion of nasal septum, all were totally removed and cured.

CONCLUSIONSTranssphenoidal microsurgery under neuronavigation can be applied for pituitary adenomas in above specific indications. It is an accurate, safe and effective approach for specific pituitary adenomas, which can not only expand the indication of transsphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenomas, but also reduce the harmful exposure of X-rays for the operating staff.

Adenoma ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuronavigation ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphenoid Sinus ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS). Methods The rat models of AR and AS were made by injecting ovalbumin. The infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and toluidine blue staining respectively, and the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in nasal mucosa and lung tissue were examined by immunohistochemical staining ( SP method). The relationship of their expression with upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation was analyzed. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The numbers of MMP-9 positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR were ( 154.8±12.0)and (124. 0 ±8.2), (43. 2 ±7.6) and (34. 5 ±5.0) in the control groups, the difference was significant (t value were 24. 260, 29. 525 respectively, all P＜0.05). The numbers of MMP-9 positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AS were (149.9±11.7)and(120.1±7.3), (48.6 ± 7. 6) and (39.1±5.2)in control groups, the difference was significant (t value were 22. 929 and 28. 530respectively, all P＜0.05).The numbers of TNF-α positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR were (188.8±17.0), and (134.8±7.9), (57.6±23.3)and(40. 3 ± 8. 2 ) in control groups, the difference was significant (t value were 13. 836 and 26. 220, all P ＜0.05). The numbers of TNF-α positive inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AS were (179. 2 ± 15.4 ) and ( 153. 5 ± 10. 1 ), (70. 5 ±33. 1 ) and ( 33.8 ± 14. 0) in control groups, the difference was significant ( t value were 9. 412 and 21. 858, all P ＜0. 05). There was a correlation between the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR ( r values were 0. 893 and 0. 700 respectively, P values were 0. 001 and 0. 024, respectively ) and AS ( r values were 0. 692 and 0. 644 respectively, P values were 0. 027and 0. 044 respectively) groups. Conclusions The inflammation is similar between AR and AS. The MMP9 and TNF-α may play an important role in the pathogenesis of upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation.

OBJECTIVETo identify the active material of anti-hepatic fibrosis from Amydae Carapax.

METHODSMembrane separation technology was adopted to screen active fraction in Amydae Carapax, and the active components were isolated from the active fraction using gel chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified active components in Amydae Carapax were further analyzed using 4700 series time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

RESULTSProteins and peptides of Amydae Carapax with molecular weight less than 6000 were proved to have biological activity. 8 components (Bj1-Bj8) were isolated from the active fraction. Bj4, Bj6 and Bj7 were screened as active components. Bj7 was further purified, resulting in 7 components (Bj701-Bj707). Bj704 and Bj707 showed significant biological activity. Mass spectrometry showed three molecular ion peaks with highest abundance, i.e. m/e 526, 542 and 572, i.e. m/e 526, 542 and 572, in Bj707 -A The amino acid sequences of above three peptide compounds were NDDY (Asn-Asp-Asp-Tyr), NPNPT (Asn-Pro-Asn-Pro-Thr), and HGRFG (His-Gly-Arg-Phe-Gly), respectively. And M572 was the most abandunt components.

CONCLUSIONThree active peptide compounds of anti-hepatic fibrosis of Amydae Carapax were identified.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Tissue Extracts ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the impact factors for post-thaw embryo survival rate and clinical pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer program. Methods The clinical data of 573 cycles of frozen-thawed embryo transfers were retrospectively analysed. Groups were divided according to the pre-freeze embryo quality, pre-freeze embryonic developmental stage, frozen-thawed embryo quality and cryopreservation technique, respectively, and post-thaw embryo survival rates and/or clinical pregnancy rates were compared among groups. Results The clinical pregnancy rate of high quality pre-freeze embryo was significantly higher than that of low quality pre-freeze embryo (31.8% vs 20.0%) (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the post-thaw survival rates and clinical pregnancy rates between embryos frozen at day 2 of ferrtilization and those frozen at day 3 of ferrtilization(79. 1% vs 82.9% and 25.5% vs 31.2%, respectively) (P>0.05). The clinical pregnancy rates of the transfer cycles only with fully intact embryos and with mixed embryos were significantly higher than that only with partially damaged embryos(36.7% vs 24.1% and 29.2% vs 24.1%, respectively)(P<0.05). The post-thaw survival rate and post-thaw high-quality embryo rate were significantly higher in those processed with modified cryopreservation technique than in those processed with original cryopreservation technique (82.0% vs 66.3% and 50.0% vs 27.5%, respectively)(P<0.05). Conclusion Pre-freeze embryo quality, post-thaw embryo survival rate and post-thaw embryo quality have a positive correlation to subsequent clinical pregnancy rate. Favorable cryopreservation technique may ensure the success of post-thaw embryo recovery and transfer.