Objective:The evidence-based and Delphi methods were used to construct the exercise program for hospitalized patients with diabetes foot to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods:Evidence on exercise management of diabetic foot patients was systematically searched from BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Registered Nurses′ Association of Ontario and other domestic and foreign databases and professional association websites. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to April 2021. The quality of the included literature was independently evaluated, and the evidence of the literature meeting the quality standards was extracted and summarized to form the first draft of exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot. After two rounds of Delphi expert letter consultation, the program items were revised, and the final draft of the exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot suitable for clinical practice was formed.Results:The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert correspondence questionnaire both were15/15. The expert authority coefficient was 0.865 and 0.895 respectively. And the Kendall coordination coefficient was 0.232 and 0.291 (both P<0.01). An exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot had been formed, including 5 modules(exercise evaluation, exercise prescription, exercise monitoring, post-exercise evaluation and exercise management), 12 items and 40 operational items. Conclusions:The exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot constructed in this study is scientific and clinically applicable, which provide scientific guidance for clinical medical staff to carry out exercise practice.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective:To explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Jingulian extract （JGL） on inflammation. Method:The following groups were set up in this study： a control group （10% fetal bovine serum）， a lipopolysaccharide （LPS） model group （0.5 mg·L^-1）， and JGL groups （10， 20， 40， 60， 80， 120， 160， 200， 250， 300 mg·L^-1 + 0.5 mg·L^-1 LPS）. The RAW264.7 cells were cultured for 24 hours. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Nitric oxide （NO） release was detected by Griess assay. The release of cytokines interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， IL-10， and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and intraprostaglandin peroxidase synthase 2 （PTGS2）/cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） was measured by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and the activation of key proteins in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway by Western blot. Result:Compared with the control group， LPS （0.5 mg·L^-1）could promote the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells after stimulation for 24 hours （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， JGL had no significant effect on cell proliferation. Compared with the control group， LPS （0.5 mg·L^-1）increased the release of NO， IL-1β， IL-6， IL-10， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， JGL （20-300 mg·L^-1）inhibited the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner after stimulation for 24 hours （P<0.05） and reduced IL-1β， IL-6， and IL-10 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but no obvious inhibition on the release of TNF-α was observed. LPS （0.5 mg·L^-1） could induce the expression of iNOS and PTGS2/COX-2 genes as compared with the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. JGL could down-regulate the mRNA expression of iNOS and PTGS2/COX-2 genes as compared with the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. LPS （0.5 mg·L^-1） could activate the PI3K/Akt pathway （P<0.01） as compared with the control group， while JGL （10， 20， 40， and 80 mg·L^-1） decreased the expression of PI3K-p110， p-p85， and p-Akt （P<0.01）， and inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusion:JGL extract could significantly inhibit the inflammatory response and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory effect was related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

BACKGROUND: Iliac screw implantation has no unified standard. Because of the large individual differences, preoperative pelvic three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction can measure the diameter, depth and angle of the screws, which increases the placement accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To measure the screw placement-related data by pelvic 3D CT reconstruction, so as to guide the screw placement and improve its accuracy. METHODS: Fifty patients with pelvic lesions or fractures admitted in Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016 were selected, and the pelvis was scanned with CT and then was reconstructed. The point A (the intersection of S1posterior sacral posterior wall and posterior superior iliac spine) was as the screw placement point, and three paths were measured on the point: posterior superior iliac spine path (AD path); anterior inferior iliac spine path (AC path); top of greater sciatic notch to the acetabular roof (AB path). On the plane of these three pathes, the section was made on the iliac bone, respectively; in each section, the channel for iliac nail was designed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the same path, there was no significant difference in the path length of the screw between male and female patients (P > 0.05). Paired t test showed that the diameter and length depth and angle of the screws were significantly different between AD and AC paths, AC and AD (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the inclination angle of the spiral channel between male and female patients (P > 0.05). The inclination angle of the spiral channel and lateral angle at different paths showed significant difference between male and female patients (P < 0.05). (3) To conclude, 3D reconstruction of pelvis CT can be used to measure the length, diameter and angle of the iliac screw, and to guide the surgical treatment.

As the carrier of water-insoluble drugs, microspheres can play a role in increasing solubility and delaying releasing essence. The objective of this study was to improve the solubility and to delay the release of a newly discovered antitumor compound 3β-hydroxyolea-12-en-28-oic acid-3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazin-2-methyl ester (T-OA). Early-stage preparation discovery concept (EPDC) was employed in the present study. The preparation, physicochemical characterization, and drug release properties of PLGA microspheres were evaluated. T-OA-loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared by an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsification solvent evaporation method. Characterization and release behaviors of the T-OA PLGA microspheres were evaluated by X-ray diffract (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results demonstrated that T-OA-loaded PLGA microspheres could be successfully obtained through solvent evaporation method with appropriate morphologic characteristics and high encapsulation efficiency. The XRD analysis showed that T-OA would be either molecularly dispersed in the polymer or distributed in an amorphous form. The DSC and FTIR analysis proved that there were interactions between T-OA and PLGA polymer. SEM observations displayed the morphology of the microspheres was homogeneous and the majority of the spheres ranged between 50 and 150 μm. The drug release behavior of the microspheres in the phosphate buffered saline medium exhibited a sustained release and the duration of the release lasted for more than 23 days, which was fit with zero-order release pattern with r = 0.9947. In conclusion, TOA-loaded PLGA microspheres might hold great promise for using as a drug-delivery system in biomedical applications.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Lactic Acid ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microspheres ; Oleanolic Acid ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer ; Pyrazines ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; X-Ray Diffraction

OBJECTIVEThis study was aimed to investigate the mobilization effect of HS6101 on hematopoietic cells of mice.

METHODSThe normal ICR mice were injected subcutaneously once or twice with HS6101 at 9 µg/d/mouse, or a single dose of HS6101 3, 9, 27 and 81 µg/mouse was administrated, and the mobilization effect of HS6101 in different administration times and different dosage was observed, and compared with the synergistic effects of administration of single dose of HS6101 combined with rhG-CSF (2 µg/d/mouse was injected subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days). The peripheral blood cell counts of mice were detected at different time after administration. The hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood were detected at day 5 and 10 after administration.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in peripheral blood cell counts after once or twice injections of HS6101 9 µg/mouse. The peripheral platelet counts dose-dependently increased in ICR mice, which accounted for 121.1% to 118.0%, 138.7% to 123.1%, 146.4% to 139.2%, and 156.2% to 168.7% (P < 0.001) after HS6101 (3, 9, 27 and 81 µg/mouse) treatments at 5 and 7 d, respectively. HS6101 (3, 9, 27 and 81 µg/mouse) showed dose-response relationship to platelets, with R value of 0.777 and 0.954 at day 5 and 7 after administration, respectively. HS6101 significantly increased numbers of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in both bone marrow and peripheral blood, and elevated peripheral blood leukocytes at 27 µg/mouse dose at day 5 after administration.

CONCLUSIONHS6101 has significant mobilization effect on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, platelets and leukocytes in mouse.

Animals ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR

This study was aimed to investigate the biological effects of Rhesus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (R-BMMSC) transfected by adenovirus bearing extracellular superoxide dismutase gene (AD-ECSOD). Using density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture way, the R-BMMSC transfected by AD-ECSOD and reporter gene EGFP were isolated, cultured and purified; the transfection efficiency was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry; the ECSOD protein expression in cell culture supernatant were detected by ELISA; the surface antigens on R-BMMSC (CD34, CD29, CD45, CD90, HLA-DR) were detected by flow cytometry; and differentiation capability of transfected R-BMMSC were detected by oil red O and alizarin staining; the proliferation capability of R-BMMSC was assay by MTT method. The results showed that the transfection efficiency of AD-ECSOD (MOI 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000) for R-BMMSC was > 95%. At 24 h after transfection, the ECSOD protein could be detected in cell culture supernatant, and its level was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.01). At 48 h after transfection, the expression level of ECSOD protein on MOI 1 500 and 2 000 was the highest. The proliferative capability, surface antigen expression and multi directive differentiation ability of transfected R-BMMSC were similar to non-transfected R-BMMSC. It is concluded that the AD-ECSOD can effectively transfect the R-BMMSC without influences on its biological features.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Adipogenesis ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Genetic Vectors ; Macaca mulatta ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of various types of mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma in Guangdong, China, with respect to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

METHODSEleven hundred and thirty-seven (1137) cases of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma diagnosed during the period from 2002 to 2006 in Guangzhou area were retrieved. The clinical data, histologic features and immunohistochemical findings were reviewed by a panel of experienced hematopathologists. Additional immunostaining was performed if indicated. The cases were re-classified according to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

RESULTSNine hundred and sixty-three (963) cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma and accounted for 20.1% of all cases of lymphoma encountered during the same period (963/4801). A predominance of extranodal involvement was noted in 644 cases (66.9%), while 319 cases (33.1%) showed mainly nodal disease. The prevalence of various lymphoma subtypes was as follows: peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL, NOS) 293 cases (30.4%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 281 cases (29.2%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) 198 cases (20.6%), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) 46 cases (4.8%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.99. The median age of the patients was 44 years, with the peak age of PTCL, NOS, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and AILT being 55 to 64 years, 25 to 54 years and 65 to 74 years, respectively. ALK-positive ALCL occurred more frequently in young age, while the ALK-negative ALCL cases occurred mainly in the elderly.

CONCLUSIONSExtranodal lesions predominate in mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas occurring in Guangzhou area. There is a male predominance and the overall incidence shows no increasing trend with age of the patient. The peak age of various subtypes however varies. The most common subtype was PTCL, NOS, followed by extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, ALCL and AILT. The relatively frequent occurrence of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type in Guangdong area is likely associated with the high incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection there.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; World Health Organization ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEIn mid-July 2005, five patients presented with septic shock to a hospital in Ziyang city in Sichuan, China, to identify the etiology of the unknown reason disease, an epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory study were conducted.

METHODSAn enhanced surveillance program were established in Sichuan, the following activities were introduced: active case finding in Sichuan of (a) laboratory diagnosed Streptococcus suis infection and (b) clinically diagnosed probable cases with exposure history; supplemented by (c) monitoring reports on meningococcal meningitis. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection was confirmed by culture and biochemical reactions, followed by sequencing for specific genes for serotype and virulence factors.

RESULTSFrom June 10 to August 21, 2005, 68 laboratory confirmed cases of human Streptococcus suis infections were reported. All were villagers who gave a history of direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in their backyards where slaughtering was performed. Twenty six (38%) presented with toxic shock syndrome of which 15 (58%) died. Other presentations were septicaemia or meningitis. All isolates were tested positive for genes for tuf, species-specific 16S rRNA, cps2J, mrp, ef and sly. There were 136 clinically diagnosed probable cases with similar exposure history but incomplete laboratory investigations.

CONCLUSIONAn outbreak of human Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infections occurred in villagers after direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in Sichuan. Prohibition of slaughtering in backyards brought the outbreak to a halt. A virulent strain of the bacteria is speculated to be in circulation, and is responsible for the unusual presentation of toxic shock syndrome with high case fatality.

Animals ; Bacteremia ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Shock, Septic ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; veterinary ; Streptococcus suis ; isolation & purification ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; microbiology

Objective To study midterm curative effect of domestic drug eluting coronary stent in treatment of left main (LM) lesion.Method From April 2004 to September 2005,totally 32 patients with LM lesion received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without protection.Thirty-nine coronary stents (Firebird, Microport,Shanghai) were implanted.One stent was used when the lesion only involved the opening or the middle portion of the LM branch.If the bifurcation was involved,the stenosis was treated considering the following factors: the diameter of left main,left anterior descending (LAD) and the left circumflex branch (LCX);whether there was stenosis of the opening of circumflex branch.Methods included"T"stent,stent pass though the opening of circumflex branch and kissing stents.All patients were followed at 1,6 and 12 months after discharge.Coronary angiography of patients was performd at 5 months after discharge.Central necrosis,restenosis,target vessel reconstructive rate (TVR) and target lesion reconstructive rate (TLR) were analyzed.Results Most LM lesion involved bifurcation (53.1%).Treatment for bifurcation included"T"stent in 47% patients,stent passing through the opening of LCX in 35.3 %.No restenosis occurred in lesion involving the opening or middle portion of the LM during follow-up.The 62.3% patients received coronary angiography.Angiography showed 5% of restenosis rate,5% TLR,10% TVR and 6.3% central necrosis rate.Conclusions Drug eluting stent implantation in low risk unprotective left main lesion may achieve satisfactory clinical results.