Objective To investigate the effects of different sterilization methods on the quality of Astragali Radix decoction pieces by comparing the properties,odor,fingerprint,sterilization effect,extract and active component contents of Astragali Radix decoction pieces,and to further optimize the best sterilization process parameters of Astragali Radix decoction pieces.Methods The effects of moist heat sterilization,irradiation sterilization and dry heat sterilization on the quality of Astragali Radix decoction pieces were compared,and the best sterilization method was selected.Based on this,taking the content of astragaloside IV,the content of isoflavone glucoside,the total content of the two and the sterilization rate as the assessment indicators,taking the sterilization temperature,sterilization time and material thickness as the assessment factors,on the basis of the single-factor test,the response surface method was used to optimize the optimal dry heat sterilization process of Astragali Radix decoction pieces.Results The dry heat sterilization method was selected to sterilize Astragali Radix decoction pieces.The best process for dry heat sterilization was as follows:the sterilization temperature of 113℃,sterilization time of 5.1 h,and the material thickness of 19 mm.Conclusion Considering the sterilization effect,the influence on the content of active ingredients,operability and cost,selecting dry heat sterilization is the best sterilization method for Astragali Radix decoction pieces,and the optimal sterilization process is stable and feasible,with good repeatability,which can provide scientific basis for its industrial production application.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol (PPF) on stress response and lung injury in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A total of 36 SD rats were randomly (random number)divided into sham group,intralipid group,TBI group,PPF1 h group,PPF 2 h group,PPF 6 h group (n =6 in each group).Fluid percussion brain injury models were used.By intraperitoneal injection,intralipid was administered in intralipid group after sham operations,while propofol 100 mg · kg-1 was given to rats in PPF1 h group,PPF 2 h group and PPF 6 h group 1,2,6 hours following injury,respectively.Nerve motor function were scored at different intervals,serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),cortisol (COR) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured 12 h after injury.Seventy-two hours later,all rats were sacrificed and brains were harvested for TTC staining,and lungs taken were stained with HE staining for observation under light microscope and electron microscopy.Results Compared with sham and intralipid group,nerve motor function scores were significantly decreased,and serum concentrations of ACTH,COR and NE were increased significantly in rats after injury.Compared with TBI group,the above biomarkers were improved significantly after propofol injection.There were no significant differences in above biomarkersbetweenPPF 1 hand PPF 2 h group (t=-0.816,t=-0.208,t=0.582,P＞0.05).The differences in COR and NE concentrations between PPF 2 h and PPF 6 h group were statistically significant (t =3.018,P =0.013;t =3.662,P =0.004).Light microscopy demonstrated abundant inflammatory cell infiltration and massive thickening of the alveolar walls,Electron microscopy showed Type Ⅱ lung epithelial cell swelling,vacuolar degeneration,osmiophilic lamellar corpuscle emptying in cytoplasm,microvilli protrusions decreases in some cytoplasm in TBI group,and pathological damage was improved significantly in PPF 2 h group.Conclusions Propofol may inhibit stress and protect the lung tissue from damage in TBI rats.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanisms of Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) on Alzheimer's diseases (AD) focusing on anti-inflammation.

METHODAD rats were established by intrahippocampal bilateral injection of Abeta1-42 protein. The AD rats were randomly divided into three groups: AD model group, DSS high-dose group, DSS low-dose group. Vehicle group rats were intrahippocampal bilateral injection of solvent with the same dose. The learning ability and memory of rats was investigated in step-down passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA were observed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), levels of NO was measured by colorimetric method and neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus was investigated by tag method of TdT-mediated end-labeling of fragmented DNA (TUNEL).

RESULTDSS significantly reduced the escape latency and increased the time that rats spent in the target quadrant in Morris water maze test, shortened the responsive latency and decreased the error numbers in step-down passive avoidance test, reduced the expression of the IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA, and the level of the NO depressed the neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONDSS improving cognition of the rats might be related to attenuate inflammatory reaction and reduce cell apoptosis in the hippocampus.

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of the solid-psendopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPT).Methods The clinical data of 40 SPT from January 1996 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age was (32.9 + 13.6 )years. The average clinical course was (8.6±0.1) months.Clinical symptoms usually included distensible pains and secret anguish in abdomen (60.0%).No jaundice appeared in any case.Results The surgical resection was favorable for the treatment of SPT,which had excellent prognosis.No tumor recurrence were found in those following-up patients. Grossly,the cut surface showed areas of solid and papillary tissue,cystic degeneration,hemorrhage,and necrosis.Pathological features included a combination of solid and cystic components with pseudopapillae formation and degenerative regions without glands.Conclusions SPT has its uniquely clinical and pathological characteristics.Its main diagnosed points are helpful for clinical doctors to make timely diagnosis and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and management of solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas. MethodsTwenty-two SPT patients were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups, misdiagnosed group and those with preoperatively correct diagnosis. ResultsAbout one half (46%) SPT cases were misdiagnosed preoperatively. With time SPT tends to invade its capsule resulting in impossibility of radical resection, and increased medical expenses. ConclusionsAlthough SPT is of low degree malignant, and the prognosis after surgical resection is satisfactory, misdiagnosis and preoperative misdiagnosis and inappropriate management still cost the patients increased expenses and inhospital stay.