With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Objective To compare the application value of direct arteriovenous fistula(AVF),after ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA)dilation of radial artery AVF formation and reverse"J"arteriovenous graft(AVG)in hemodialysis patients with small diameter vessels.Methods Totally 96 end-stage renal disease patients with distal radial artery＜1.5 mm and cephalic vein≥2.0 mm who planning to receive hemodialysis were retrospectively enrolled.The patients were divided into AVF group(n=30),PTA+AVF group(n=34)and AVG group(n=32)according to fistulization methods.The technical success rate,clinical success rate,primary patency rate and secondary patency rate were compared among groups.Results The technical success rate of AVF group,PTA+AVF group and AVG group was 80.00%,94.12%and 100%,respectively,and the clinical success rate was 30.00%,82.35%and 93.75%,respectively,with significant differences among 3 groups(both P＜0.05).The primary patency rate 1,3,6,9 and 12 months after fistulization in AVF group was 80.00%,30.00%,27.59%,27.59%and 24.14%,respectively,in PTA+AVF group was 94.12%,82.35%,78.79%,68.75%and 62.50%,respectively,while in AVG group was 100%,93.33%,83.33%,76.67%and 66.67%,respectively,all being significant different among 3 groups(all P＜0.05).The secondary patency rate 1,3,6,9 and 12 months after fistulization in AVF group was 83.33%,75.00%,75.00%,70.83%and 58.33%,respectively,in PTA+AVF group was 93.33%,93.33%,83.33%,83.33%and 80.00%,respectively,while in AVG group was 100%,100%,93.33%,90.00%and 80.00%,respectively,also being significant different among 3 groups(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with direct and after ultrasound-guided PTA dilation of radial artery AVF formation,AVG formation was more valuable for hemodialysis patients with small diameter vessels.

Objective To investigate the impact and underlying mechanism of curcumin(Cur)on the aberrant proliferation and migration of VSMC.Methods VSMC was treated with Ang Ⅱ to establish a cell proliferation model.The experiment included blank control group,model group,and low-,medium-and high-dose Cur treatment groups(1.5,3.0 and 4.5 pmol/L,n=11).To explore the effect of Cur on the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway,VSMC was also assigned into blank control,Ang Ⅱ(10-6 mol/L),Cur(3.0 μmol/L)and Ang Ⅱ+Cur groups(n=3).Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of VSMC differentiation markers(α-SMA),dedif-ferentiation marker(OPN),autophagy-related proteins(P62 and Beclin-1),and proteins involved in the AMPK/mTOR pathway(AMPK,p-AMPK,mTOR,p-mTOR,p70S6K,p-p70S6K).Results Exposure to Ang Ⅱ enhanced the proliferation and migration of VSMC when compared with the blank control group(155％vs 100％,66％vs 48％,P＜0.05).When compared with the model group,the proliferative rate was significantly lower in the medium-and high-dose Cur groups,and the migratory rate was obviously decreased in the three Cur groups(P＜0.05).The α-SMA expression was increased in the medium-and high-dose Cur groups,and that of OPN was decreased in the three Cur groups when compared with the model group(P＜0.05).Enhanced Be-clin-1 and p-AMPK/AMPK and down-regulated P62,p-mTOR/mTOR,and p-p70S6K/p70S6K were observed in the Ang Ⅱ and Cur groups than the blank control group(P＜0.05).The Cur Ang Ⅱ and Cur+AngⅡ groups had notably higher Beclin-1 and p-AMPK/AMPK but lower P62,p-mTOR/mTOR,and p-p70S6K/p70S6K than the Ang Ⅱ group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Cur in-hibits the proliferation and migration of VSMC induced by Ang Ⅱ,potentially through its activa-ting the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing autophagy in VSMC.

Objective To compare the application value of direct arteriovenous fistula(AVF),after ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA)dilation of radial artery AVF formation and reverse"J"arteriovenous graft(AVG)in hemodialysis patients with small diameter vessels.Methods Totally 96 end-stage renal disease patients with distal radial artery＜1.5 mm and cephalic vein≥2.0 mm who planning to receive hemodialysis were retrospectively enrolled.The patients were divided into AVF group(n=30),PTA+AVF group(n=34)and AVG group(n=32)according to fistulization methods.The technical success rate,clinical success rate,primary patency rate and secondary patency rate were compared among groups.Results The technical success rate of AVF group,PTA+AVF group and AVG group was 80.00%,94.12%and 100%,respectively,and the clinical success rate was 30.00%,82.35%and 93.75%,respectively,with significant differences among 3 groups(both P＜0.05).The primary patency rate 1,3,6,9 and 12 months after fistulization in AVF group was 80.00%,30.00%,27.59%,27.59%and 24.14%,respectively,in PTA+AVF group was 94.12%,82.35%,78.79%,68.75%and 62.50%,respectively,while in AVG group was 100%,93.33%,83.33%,76.67%and 66.67%,respectively,all being significant different among 3 groups(all P＜0.05).The secondary patency rate 1,3,6,9 and 12 months after fistulization in AVF group was 83.33%,75.00%,75.00%,70.83%and 58.33%,respectively,in PTA+AVF group was 93.33%,93.33%,83.33%,83.33%and 80.00%,respectively,while in AVG group was 100%,100%,93.33%,90.00%and 80.00%,respectively,also being significant different among 3 groups(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with direct and after ultrasound-guided PTA dilation of radial artery AVF formation,AVG formation was more valuable for hemodialysis patients with small diameter vessels.

Objective To investigate the impact and underlying mechanism of curcumin(Cur)on the aberrant proliferation and migration of VSMC.Methods VSMC was treated with Ang Ⅱ to establish a cell proliferation model.The experiment included blank control group,model group,and low-,medium-and high-dose Cur treatment groups(1.5,3.0 and 4.5 pmol/L,n=11).To explore the effect of Cur on the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway,VSMC was also assigned into blank control,Ang Ⅱ(10-6 mol/L),Cur(3.0 μmol/L)and Ang Ⅱ+Cur groups(n=3).Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of VSMC differentiation markers(α-SMA),dedif-ferentiation marker(OPN),autophagy-related proteins(P62 and Beclin-1),and proteins involved in the AMPK/mTOR pathway(AMPK,p-AMPK,mTOR,p-mTOR,p70S6K,p-p70S6K).Results Exposure to Ang Ⅱ enhanced the proliferation and migration of VSMC when compared with the blank control group(155％vs 100％,66％vs 48％,P＜0.05).When compared with the model group,the proliferative rate was significantly lower in the medium-and high-dose Cur groups,and the migratory rate was obviously decreased in the three Cur groups(P＜0.05).The α-SMA expression was increased in the medium-and high-dose Cur groups,and that of OPN was decreased in the three Cur groups when compared with the model group(P＜0.05).Enhanced Be-clin-1 and p-AMPK/AMPK and down-regulated P62,p-mTOR/mTOR,and p-p70S6K/p70S6K were observed in the Ang Ⅱ and Cur groups than the blank control group(P＜0.05).The Cur Ang Ⅱ and Cur+AngⅡ groups had notably higher Beclin-1 and p-AMPK/AMPK but lower P62,p-mTOR/mTOR,and p-p70S6K/p70S6K than the Ang Ⅱ group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Cur in-hibits the proliferation and migration of VSMC induced by Ang Ⅱ,potentially through its activa-ting the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing autophagy in VSMC.

To address the challenges in blood cell recognition caused by diverse morphology, dense distribution, and the abundance of small target information, this paper proposes a blood cell detection algorithm - the "You Only Look Once" model based on hybrid mixing attention and deep over-parameters (HADO-YOLO). First, a hybrid attention mechanism is introduced into the backbone network to enhance the model's sensitivity to detailed features. Second, the standard convolution layers with downsampling in the neck network are replaced with deep over-parameterized convolutions to expand the receptive field and improve feature representation. Finally, the detection head is decoupled to enhance the model's robustness for detecting abnormal cells. Experimental results on the Blood Cell Counting Dataset (BCCD) demonstrate that the HADO-YOLO algorithm achieves a mean average precision of 90.2% and a precision of 93.8%, outperforming the baseline YOLO model. Compared with existing blood cell detection methods, the proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art detection performance. In conclusion, HADO-YOLO offers a more efficient and accurate solution for identifying various types of blood cells, providing valuable technical support for future clinical diagnostic applications.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Blood Cells/cytology* ; Blood Cell Count/methods* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Deep Learning ; Detection Algorithms

Background Manganese is an essential trace element for the human body and maintains normal development of many organs including the brain. However, long-term exposure to a high manganese environment or excessive manganese intake will lead to manganese poisoning and result in neurological diseases, and currently no effective treatment plan is available. Objective To develop an animal model for subchronic manganese exposure and assess the impact of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) on manganese associated behavioral and hippocampal effects in rats. Methods Fifty male SPF SD rats were randomly allocated into a control group (0.9% normal saline by intraperitoneal injection), two experimental groups [7.5 mg·kg⁻¹ (low) or 15 mg·kg⁻¹ (high) of MnCl₂·4H₂O by intraperitoneal injection], and two DNLA antagonistic groups [15 mg·kg⁻¹ MnCl₂·4H₂O by intraperitoneal injection then either 20 mg·kg⁻¹ (low) or 40 mg·kg⁻¹ (high) DNLA by oral administration]. All groups of rats were adminaistered 5 d per wek, once a day, for consecutive 13 weeks. Following modeling, neurobehavioral assessments were conducted using open field, Morris water maze, and Y maze. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was utilized to measure manganese levels in the blood and brain tissues of the rats, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to examine neuronal morphological changes in the hippocampal tissues of the rats. Results The neurobehavioral tests revealed that the manganese-exposed rats exhibited decreased total movement distance, prolonged central zone dwelling time, and reduced motor activity in the open field test, indicating tendencies toward depression and anxiety (P<0.05). In the Y-maze test, the mean exploration distance in the novel arm, the number of entries into the novel arm, and the time spent in the novel arm of the managanses-exposed rats were all reduced, while the latency period increased, suggesting impaired spatial exploration and learning-memory functions (P<0.05). In the Morris water maze navigation test, the escape latency was significantly longer in the manganese-exposed rats compared to the control group, and the number of platform crossings decreased in the spatial probe test, indicating a significant decline in spatial learning and memory (P<0.05). The ICP-MS analysis showed elevated manganese concentrations in the blood and hippocampus of the exposed rats (P<0.05), and the histopathological observation revealed hippocampal damage. Following the DNLA intervention, the manganese-exposed rats showed increased total movement distance and reduced central zone dwelling time in the open field test (P<0.05). In the Y-maze test, the mean exploration distance in the novel arm, the number of entries into the novel arm, and the time spent in the novel arm increased, while the latency period decreased, suggesting alleviation of anxiety and improved exploratory behavior (P<0.05). In the Morris water maze test, the escape latency gradually shortened, and both the number of platform crossings and the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant increased, indicating improved spatial learning and memory (P<0.05). Additionally, the manganese levels in the blood and hippocampus decreased (P<0.05), and the hippocampal pathological changes were partially restored. Conclusion DNLA demonstrates the ability to counteract multiple neurotoxic effects following the elevation of manganese levels in the blood and hippocampal tissues of rats induced by subchronic manganese exposure. Specifically, DNLA is shown to ameliorate the behavioral alterations observed in rats after manganese exposure, and mitigate the hippocampal damage in manganese-exposed rats.

Objective To determine whether Tanshinone ⅡA(Tan ⅡA)has an effect on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-induced prolifera-tion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs),phenotypic switching,or autophagy.Methods In this study,murine aortic smooth muscle cell lines were treated with Ang Ⅱ to establish a model of cell proliferation.Different concentrations of Tan ⅡA were added and effects on cell proliferation and migration were determined by cell counting using a CCK-8 assay and a cell scratch assay,respectively.Alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of contractile VSMCs,was detected by Western blotting.Expression levels of osteopontin(OPN)and the autophagy-related proteins(p62,Beclin-1,LC3A/B)were assayed to determine the effect of Tan ⅡA on VSMC phenotypic transformation and autophagy.Cells were treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA),combined with Tan ⅡA,and then cell proliferation,migration and expression levels of phenotypic markers and autophagy-related proteins were assessed.Results After Ang Ⅱ treatment,the proliferation and migratory capacity of VSMCs was significantly enhanced,and phenotypic transformation was sig-nificantly inhibited by Ang Ⅱ.Western blotting revealed that Ang Ⅱ reduced the expression of α-SMA,increased the expression of OPN,p62,Beclin-1,and LC3A/B,and that these effects increased with higher Tan ⅡA concentrations.After the addition of 3-MA to the treated cells,the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by Ang Ⅱ was inhibited,the expression of α-SMA was increased,and the expres-sion of OPN,p62,Beclin-1,and LC3A/B was decreased,which was consistent with the effect of Tan ⅡA.Conclusion Tan ⅡA may have inhibitory effects on phenotypic transformation,proliferation,migration,and autophagy of Ang Ⅱ-treated VSMC,suggesting that the inhi-bition of the proliferation and migration may be regulated by autophagy.

Objective:To study the risk of refracture after osteoporotic vertebral fracture with changes in blood calcium and bone metabolism.Methods:260 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture treated in our hospital from Feb. 2018 to Feb. 2020 were selected for study. All patients were treated with kyphoplasty. The clinical curative effect, blood calcium, PINP, and β-CTX level changes were observed, postoperative recurrence was followed up. Clinical data of fracture patients were collected, risk factors of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in patients with postoperative recurrence of fracture were analyzed, receiver-operating characteristic curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of blood calcium, PINP, andβ-CTX in postoperative recurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fracture.Results:The total clinical response rate was 95.77% (249/260) after treatment. After treatment, serum calcium, PINP, and β-CTX decreased with time, and the difference was significant ( P<0.05) . All patients were followed up for 6 months. There were 81 cases (31.15%) suffering postoperative fracture and 179 cases (68.85%) without fracture. According to univariate analysis, there were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, BMI, history of trauma, underlying disease, site of surgical vertebral body, segment of surgical vertebral body, correction angle of sagittal kyphosis, or amount of bone cement injection between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Long-term history of glucocorticoid use, preoperative fractured vertebra number, surgical vertebra number, blood calcium, PINP, β-CTX, fracture compression rate, vertebra height recovery rate, reinforced vertebra number, and bone cement leakage were correlated with postoperative recurrence of fracture in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture ( P<0.05) . Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that long-term history of glucocorticoid use, preoperative number of fractured vertebrae, surgical vertebra number, fracture compression rate, vertebral height recovery rate, enhanced vertebral body number, bone cement leakage, blood calcium, PINP, and β-CTX were all independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fracture ( P<0.05) . ROC curve results showed that AUC, 95%CI and truncation value were 0.820, 0.770-0.871 and 2.12mmol/L vs 0.915, 0.873-0.957 and 45.51 ng/mL vs 0.973, 0.957-0.988, and 463.29 for serum calcium, PINP, and β-CTX respectively in predicting the recurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Conclusion:Kyphoplasty has a significant effect on osteoporotic vertebral fracture, and it can effectively improve the serum calcium, PINP, and β-CTX, which have a certain monitoring value for postoperative recurrence of fracture.

Homeostasis ; Taste/physiology* ; Zinc