The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood. In this research, we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium (DE) and dental mesenchyme (DM) at the late bud, cap, and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing. Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis. Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM, such as PANCR, MIR205HG, DLX6-AS1, and DNM3OS, were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis. Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ, such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla (CDP). Functionally, we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells. These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Odontogenesis/genetics* ; Tooth Germ/embryology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mesoderm/metabolism* ; Tooth/embryology* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Dental Pulp/cytology*

Understanding the pattern and molecular mechanisms of tooth, maxilla and mandible development is the prerequisite for studying their regeneration. Tooth development can be divided into three stages: bud-bell stage, tooth crown development stage and tooth root development stage. During these processes, key genes show spatial and temporal expression pattern. Tooth development is a complex process involving interactions between dental epithelium and mesenchyme, precise regulations of enamel knots in cusp patterning, as well as successful eruption into the oral cavity under proper biomechanical stress and signaling transductions. The development of tooth, maxilla and mandible, all of which originate from the first branchial arch, is independent and regulates each other to form a whole during development. Any developmental defects of them will ultimately cause defects to the others. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the development of tooth, maxilla and mandible, proposed that the homeostasis of microenvironment is critical for their development. Moreover, we reviewed the role of Meckel’s cartilage, a special structure and signaling mechanism during mandible development. At last, we proposed an integrated development model of tooth, maxilla and mandible. We also hope that the regeneration of fully functional tooth, maxilla and mandible in human can be achieved based on fundamental knowledge we have gained so far.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(HR-MRI)combined with nomogram model in predicting the risk factors of positive circumferential resection margin(CMR)in rectal cancer surgery.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on preoperative data from 107 rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery and were confirmed by pathology.SPSS 2 5.0 software was used for univariate statistical analysis of potential risk factors for positive CRM,and after independent risk factors were selected,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to classify the risk factor categories.R software(4.2.0 version)was used to establish the nomogram model,and a curve was drawn to evaluate the model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to show specificity and sensitivity,the area under the curve(AUC)was used to evaluate discriminative ability,the calibration curve was used to evaluate calibration,the decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to evaluate clinical benefit,and the model was internally validated using the Bootstrap method.Results Tumor located in the lower rectum[P=0.01,odds ratio(OR)=8.71],maximum diameter of tumor perpendicular to the intestinal tube(≥18.86 mm±5.32 mm)(P=0.01,OR=1.24),extramural vascular invasion(EMVI)(P＜0.01,OR=0.03),and mesorectal lymph node metastasis(P=0.01,OR=0.15)were independent risk factors for positive CRM in rectal cancer.The nomogram model established based on these factors had a training set AUC of 0.921(sensitivity 0.83,specificity 0.93),a validation set AUC of 0.912(sensitivity 0.87,specificity 0.82),a Bootstrap internal validation corrected AUC of 0.92,and a consistency index(C-index)of 0.92,indicating good discriminative ability,calibration,and clinical benefit value.Conclusion HR-MRI combined with nomogram model predicted that tumor located in the lower rectum,maximum diameter of tumor perpendicular to the intestinal tube ≥(18.86±5.32)mm,EMVI,and mesorectal lymph node metastasis are closely related to positive CRM in rectal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the therapy effect of pneumatic lithotripsy treatment under ureteroscopic on urinary catheter encrustation(CE).Methods Eight patients with difficulty in pulling catheter tube crustcaused were enrolled as our subjects.They were performed pneumatic lithotripsy under ureteroscope operation.The information related to operation was recorded.Results Eight cases were successful in terms of crushing catheter encrustations,and the catheters were removed smoothly.Conclusion The therapy of pneumatic lithotripsy treatment under ureteroscopic is proved to be a minimally invasive treatment with small damage,and higher safety.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between urodynamics and ultrastructure of bladder detrusor in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods The ultrastructure of detrusor was studied by transmission electron microscopy in 43 cases of BPH(mean age 69.5±6.0 years)and 21 cases(mean age 65.4±7.2 years)of geriatric without bladder outlet obstruction(the controls).All the cases were performed urodynamic test. Results The IPSS(21.1±3.0 VS 7.6±1.4),maximum flow rate(7.7±1.3 ml/s VS 14.9±2.3 ml/s)and AG(44.8±9.9 VS 19.0±5.9)showed significant differences between the the BPH group and control group(P<0.01).Pdet-Qmax in the BPH group(60.1±11.0 cm H20)was higher than that in the control group(48.7±7.1 cm H2o) (P<0.05).The relative density of mitochondria in the BPH group(0.81±0.24)was lower than that in the control group(1.03±0.11)(P<0.05).The intercellular linkage in the BPH group(19.4±4.8 rim)was larger than the control group(14.1±2.0 nm)(P<0.05). Conclusions The swelling and reduction of the relative density of mitochondria could be seen in the bladder detrusor of BPH patients.The large intercellular linkage might be the reason of decrease the coordinate contractility of the blad-der detrusor.