Objective: To examine the causal relationship between food intake and atherosclerosis using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, so as to provide the reference for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Methods: Data of 16 types of food (grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, etc.) and 4 types of atherosclerosis (coronary atherosclerosis, cerebral atherosclerosis, peripheral atherosclerosis and other atherosclerosis) was collected through IEU OpenGWAS database, with food data comprising approximately 500 000 subjects and 9 851 867 SNPs and atherosclerosis data comprising approximately 200 000 subjects and 16 380 447 SNPs. The causal relationship was analyzed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with food as the exposure variable and atherosclerosis as the outcome variable. Sensitivity analysis was performed using funnel plots and leave-one-out. Results: Dried fruit intake was associated with decreased risks of peripheral atherosclerosis (OR=0.195, 95%CI: 0.082-0.466) and other atherosclerosis (OR=0.208, 95%CI: 0.095-0.452), and cheese intake was associated with decreased risk of peripheral atherosclerosis (OR=0.575, 95%CI: 0.380-0.870). Coffee intake was associated with increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis (OR=1.645, 95%CI: 1.099-2.462), and alcohol intake was associated with increased risk of other atherosclerosis (OR=1.269, 95%CI: 1.032-1.561). There was no statistically significant association between 16 types of food and cerebral atherosclerosis. No horizontal pleiotropy was found, no single SNP had significant impact on the overall estimated value, and the funnel plots did not show significant bias. Conclusion Dried fruit and cheese intake are protective factors for atherosclerosis, while coffee and alcohol intake are risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Aim To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvas-tatin in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis.Methods A comprehensive screening of Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvastatin was performed by Web searching the CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Li-brary,and Web of Science from the construction of the database to August 31,2023,to comprehensively screen the litera-ture of randomized controlled studies of Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvastatin in the treatment of carotid athero-sclerosis in the literature of randomized controlled studies,and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results A total of 8 studies were included with 858 total cases,426 in the treatment group and 432 in the control group.Meta-analysis showed that the addition of Tongxinluo capsule to rosuvastatin treatment lowered total cholesterol(MD=-0.54,95％CI:-0.61～-0.46,P＜0.00001),triglyceride(MD=-0.28,95％CI:-0.37～-0.20,P＜0.00001),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(MD=-0.35,95％CI:-0.42～-0.29,P＜0.00001)and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol(MD=0.27,95％CI:0.05～0.50,P=0.02)levels,lowered carotid intima-media thickness(MD=-0.35,95％CI:-0.48～-0.22,P＜0.00001)and plaque Crouse's score(MD=-1.33,95％CI:-2.11～-0.55,P=0.0009),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Adverse effects were reported in five studies,and the difference was not statistically significant(MD=1.80,95％CI:0.80～4.08,P=0.16).Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvastatin in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis can improve the blood lipid level and reduce the degree of atherosclerosis,with better efficacy and safety,which can be further promoted for clinical use.

Aim To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvas-tatin in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis.Methods A comprehensive screening of Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvastatin was performed by Web searching the CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Li-brary,and Web of Science from the construction of the database to August 31,2023,to comprehensively screen the litera-ture of randomized controlled studies of Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvastatin in the treatment of carotid athero-sclerosis in the literature of randomized controlled studies,and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results A total of 8 studies were included with 858 total cases,426 in the treatment group and 432 in the control group.Meta-analysis showed that the addition of Tongxinluo capsule to rosuvastatin treatment lowered total cholesterol(MD=-0.54,95％CI:-0.61～-0.46,P＜0.00001),triglyceride(MD=-0.28,95％CI:-0.37～-0.20,P＜0.00001),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(MD=-0.35,95％CI:-0.42～-0.29,P＜0.00001)and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol(MD=0.27,95％CI:0.05～0.50,P=0.02)levels,lowered carotid intima-media thickness(MD=-0.35,95％CI:-0.48～-0.22,P＜0.00001)and plaque Crouse's score(MD=-1.33,95％CI:-2.11～-0.55,P=0.0009),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Adverse effects were reported in five studies,and the difference was not statistically significant(MD=1.80,95％CI:0.80～4.08,P=0.16).Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule combined with rosuvastatin in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis can improve the blood lipid level and reduce the degree of atherosclerosis,with better efficacy and safety,which can be further promoted for clinical use.

Objective To investigate the compliance status of secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) following revascularization.MethodsA total of 512 patients with CAD who received procedures for coronary revascularization were enrolled in the study from January 2009 to October 2010,including 472 cases of percutaneous coronary intervention stenting,25 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting and 15 cases of stenting plus bypass.The demographic information,prophylactic drug therapies, lifestylechangesandmodifiableriskfactorsweresurveyedwithquestionnaires,anthroposomatologicalmeasurementsandlaboratorytestsinpatients3monthsaftercoronary revascularization.ResultsThe proportion of patients on statins,aspirin,β-blockers,angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitors/angiotensinreceptorblockers(ACEIs/ARBs)andinfluenzavaccinationwere 81.4％ (417/512),93.9％ ( 481/512 ),82.0％ ( 420/512 ),76.2％ ( 390/512 ) and 3.7％ ( 19/512 ) respectively.Based on the criteria recommended by the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC)Guidelines for Secondary Prevention for Patients with Coronary and Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2006 Update, the percentages of achieving therapeutic targets of modifiable risk factor management were as follows:glycosylated hemoglobin (90.2％,462/512 ),total cholesterol ( 68.6％,351/512 ),triglycerides ( 58.8％,301/512 ),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( 91.6％,469/512 ),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( 44.5 ％,228/512 ),systolic pressure ( 75.2 ％,385/512 ) and diastolic pressure (90.4％,463/512 ) respectively.And the proportions of improved lifestyle were as follows:smoking cessation/non-smoking 81.4％ (417/512),diet control 78.5％ ( 402/512 ),achieving weight targets 61.7％ (316/512)and regular exercise 58.2％ (298/512).ConclusionsThere is a relatively high percentage of standardized antiplatelet therapy and continuous statins medication in patients with coronary artery disease following revascularization. However,many significant modifiable risk factors have not been controlled optimally and lifestyle of patients needs further improvement. There is still a considerable scope for further improvement of secondary prevention in this group of patients.