This study aimed to characterize and identify the non-volatile components in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stems and leaves of Rhododendron tomentosum by using sensitive and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a self-built information database. By comparing with reference compounds, analyzing fragment ion information, searching relevant literature, and using a self-built information database, 118 compounds were identified from the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. tomentosum, including 35 flavonoid glycosides, 15 phenolic glycosides, 12 flavonoids, 7 phenolic acids, 7 phenylethanol glycosides, 6 tannins, 6 phospholipids, 5 coumarins, 5 monoterpene glycosides, 6 triterpenes, 3 fatty acids, and 11 other types of compounds. Among them, 102 compounds were reported in R. tomentosum for the first time, and 36 compounds were identified by comparing them with reference compounds. The chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum leaves and stems showed slight differences, with 84 common chemical components accounting for 71.2% of the total 118 compounds. This study systematically characterized and identified the non-volatile chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum for the first time. The findings provide a reference for active ingredient research, quality control, and product development of R. tomentosum.
Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry*

Objective To explore the toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum alcohol extract on 3D hepatospheres.Methods Variations in culture conditions and cell ratios were implemented,followed by the assessment of cell sphere diameter,density,and roundness,aiming to explore the optimal culture conditions.The 3D hepatocyte spheres were divided into control group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups.The experimental-L,-M,-H groups were treated with 0.25,1.00 and 2.50 mg·mL-1 Polygounm multiforum alcohol extract,and the control group was given the same amount of culture medium.The cell viability of the cell spheroids was tested by CellTiter-Glo reagent,the expression level of liver function related genes was detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qRCR).The toxicity of cell spheres was detected by double fluorescent staining of living and dead cells.Results The ideal culture condition of cell sphere was 500 cells per micropore,and the cell ratio was HepG2-Huvec-LX-2=8∶1∶1.It displayed the values of 0.91±0.07 for circularity,0.91±0.02 for firmness,1.12±0.14 for aspect ratio,and(170.97±14.79)μm for diameter.On the 3rd,7th,10th and 14th days,the expression levels of albumin(ALB)mRNA were 1.00±0.02,0.96±0.02,0.54±0.07,0.52±0.07,and the expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A2(CYP1A2)mRNA were 1.00±0.10,2.15±0.16,2.45±0.33,1.30±0.03,respectively.The expression levels of multidrug resistance protein 2(MPR2)in the control group and the experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 1.00±0.31,1.38±0.24,1.48±0.06 and 1.90±0.08,respectively;spheroid viability were(98.19±0.49)％,(88.53±0.90)％,(71.60±2.91)％and(56.65±5.41)％.There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the experimental-L,-M,-H groups and the control group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The established hepatocyte sphere co-culture model showed varying degrees of expression of phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ drug metabolism enzymes,transporters,and liver cell specific marker molecule albumin and can be used to evaluate the toxicity of multiflorum multiflorum,which provides further reference for the clinical application of multiflorum multiflorum.

Objective:To summarize the incidence of cerebral venous reflux (CVR) in patients with recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI) and explore its correlation with enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS).Methods:Patients with RSSI in the lenticulostriate artery admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to December 2022 were included. The baseline demographic data, medical history, and laboratory results of the patients were collected. CVR was assessed by time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the presence (CVR group) or absence of CVR (non-CVR group), and baseline characteristics as well as laboratory test results were compared between the 2 groups. The location and number of EPVS were evaluated using a visual grading scale, with EPVS with higher scores defined as high-grade EPVS (HEPVS). Simultaneous evaluation of cerebral white matter hyperintensities and lacunar infarctions was conducted, followed by intergroup comparisons. The relationship between EPVS and CVR was studied using multiple Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 571 patients with RSSI in the lentiform artery area were ultimately included, including 180 females (31.5%). Their age was (59.37±12.87) years. Among them, 73 patients (12.8%) exhibited CVR based on imaging findings, so the incidence of CVR was 12.8%. In comparison between the CVR group ( n=73) and the non-CVR group ( n=498), the proportion of females [21.9% (16/73) vs 32.9% (164/498), χ 2=3.578, P=0.059] was lower and the proportion of history of smoking [38.4% (28/73) vs 27.7% (138/498), χ 2=3.499, P=0.061] was higher in the CVR group, but without statistical significance. Additionally, the history of alcohol consumption [34.2% (25/73) vs 21.7% (108/498), χ 2=5.621, P=0.018] and the proportion of patients with concomitant HEPVS in the basal ganglia area [41.1% (30/73) vs 25.3% (126/498), χ 2=7.999, P=0.005] was higher in the CVR group with statistical significance. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that HEPVS in the basal ganglia region remained independently associated with CVR ( OR=1.988, 95% CI 1.190-3.320, P=0.009). Conclusion:EPVS in the basal ganglia region is significantly associated with CVR in the RSSI population, suggesting that venous dysfunction may be closely related to the formation of EPVS.

Objective To investigate the impact of total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (tPTx+AT)on bone mineral density and serum soluble Klotho (sKlotho)level in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).Methods A total of 86 patients undergoing tPTx+AT in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2019 to May 2022 were recruited in this study.Their demographic characteristics were collected before surgery,along with serum levels of corrected calcium,phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23),and sKlotho before and at 5 d,and 1,3,6,12 and 24 months after surgery.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine the BMD values of the lumbar spine L1-L4 before surgery and at 3,6,12 and 24 months after surgery.The changes in BMD and serum FGF23 and sKlotho levels before and after tPTx+AT were observed.Results Surgical treatment was successfully completed in all 86 patients,with their clinical symptoms such as bone pain and skin itching significantly improved postoperatively,and markedly decreased serum calcium,phosphorus,iPTH,ALP and FGF23 levels.The sKlotho level was significantly lower at 5 d postoperatively than that preoperatively,with that at 1 month after surgery increased by approximately 24.5％ than the preoperative level,and then the level was in a stable trend.The BMD values at the lumbar spine L1-L4 were increased postoperatively,and reached the highest levels at 12 months postoperatively.Further analyses showed that dialysis vintage,duration of SHPT,and ALP,iPTH and FGF23 levels were negatively correlated with the Z-scores of the lumbar spine L1-L4,while sKlotho level was positively correlated with the Z-scores.Conclusion tPTx+Atcan significantly improve the clinical symptoms of SHPT patients,regulate the balance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism,increase sKlotho level and reduce FGF23 level.It is an effective method to improve BMD.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR)and CD163+tumor-associated macrophages(TAM)in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:Peripheral blood and lymph node tissues were collected from 63 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients.LMR was calculated by the number of lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood from the result of blood routine examination.The level of CD163+TAM in lymph nodes was detected by immunohistochemistry.The cut-off values of LMR and CD163+TAM were determined by ROC curves,and the prognostic value of LMR and CD163+TAM in DLBCL patients was analyzed.Results:The LMR level of 63 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients was 3.69±1.71,and the median value of CD163+TAM was 26/HPF.The number of CD163+TAM was negatively correlated with LMR(r=-0.58)and positively correlated with monocyte count(r=0.46).The cut-off values of LMR and CD163+TAM determined by ROC curve were 2.95 and 29/HPF,respectively,and based on this,the patients were divided into low LMR group and high LMR group,as well as low CD163+TAM group and high CD163+TAM group.The proportion of patients with clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,IPI score 3-5 and bone marrow infiltration in the low LMR group were higher than those in the high LMR group(P＜0.05).The proportion of patients with clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,IPI score 3-5,elevated LDH level and bone marrow infiltration in the high CD163+TAM group were higher than those in the low CD163+TAM group(P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between LMR and OS(r=0.43)and a negative correlation between CD163+TAM and OS(r=-0.65).DLBCL patients with low LMR and high CD163+TAM had shorter OS(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Low LMR and high CD163+TAM can be used as biological markers for poor prognosis of DLBCL patients.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of Cys C and AT Ⅲ for CIAKI in elderly hypertensive patients with AMI after PCI.Methods A total of 911 elderly hypertensive patients with AMI undergoing emergency PCI in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2019 to May 2023 were consecutively enrolled,and then randomly divided into a training group(731 cases)and a validation group(180 cases)in a ratio of 8∶2.According to the diagnostic criteria of CIAKI defined by the European Society of Urogenital Radiology,the patients of the training group were further divided into CIAKI subgroup(n=91)and non-CIAKI sub-group(n=640).The basic clinical data were compared between the CIAKI and non-CIAKI sub-groups and between the training and validation groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used.ROC curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of Cys C,ATⅢ and their combina-tion for CIAKI.Results Fasting blood glucose,TG,Cys C,and diuretics were independent risk factors(OR=1.116,95％CI:1.009-1.235;OR=1.786,95％CI:1.363-2.339;OR=13.360,95％CI:4.462-39.999;OR=10.606,95％CI:4.110-27.370),while LVEF and AT Ⅲ were protective factors(OR=0.932,95％CI:0.897-0.968;OR=0.949,95％CI:0.929-0.969)for CIAKI in eld-erly hypertensive patients after emergency PCI.The AUC value of Cys C and AT Ⅲ combined to-gether in predicting CIAKI after emergency PCI was 0.818(95％CI:0.773-0.863,P＜0.01),which was better than either of them alone.When Cys C level ≥1.10 mg/L,the risk of CIAKI was increased with the increment of the level;when AT Ⅲ ≥69％,the risk of CIAKI was decreased with the increase of AT Ⅲ level.Conclusion High Cys C level and low AT Ⅲ level are independ-ent risk factors for CIAKI,and their combination can improve the accuracy of predicting CIAKI after emergency PCI in elderly patients with hypertensive AMI.

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum cell division cycle 42 (CDC-42), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG) and fibulin 1 (FBLN1) levels with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods General information and biochemical indicators of 74 MHD patients were collected, and they were divided into no to mild AAC group (n=36) and moderate to severe AAC group (n=38) based on the Abdominal Aortic Calcification Score (AACs). Serum levels of CDC-42, β₂-MG and FBLN1 were compared between the two groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for AAC in MHD patients. Results The dialysis vintage, serum phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), CDC-42, β₂-MG and FBLN1 levels in the moderate to severe AAC group were significantly higher than those in the no to mild AAC group (P < 0.05). AAC in MHD patients was positively correlated with serum phosphorus, iPTH, CDC-42, β₂-MG, FBLN1, and dialysis vintage (P < 0.05). High levels of CDC-42, β₂-MG and FBLN1 as well as long dialysis vintage were independent risk factors for AAC in MHD patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum CDC-42, β₂-MG and FBLN1 levels are positively correlated with AAC in MHD patients. High levels of CDC-42, β₂-MG and FBLN1 as well as long dialysis vintage are independent risk factors for AAC in MHD patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Objective: To explore the allergen map of patients with allergic diseases in northwest China, to investigate the distribution characteristics of serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in different ages, genders, diseases and the sensitization patterns of allergens. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 161 patients with confirmed respiratory allergic diseases were selected retrospectively from outpatient or inpatient department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from June 2019 to October 2022. HAIKE ALLEOS 2000 fluorescent magnetic particle chemiluminescence method was used to quantify their serum for 12 inhaled allergen-specific IgE. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison between count data groups (Bonferroni correction was used for further pairwise comparison in multiple groups, two-sided P<0.05/3=0.017 considered that the difference was statistically significant). Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation of continuous numerical variables. Results: The positive detection rate of sIgE in 1 161 patients was 66.8%(776/1 161). The three highest positive rate of inhaled allergen were mugwort(599/1 161, 51.6%), French chrysanthemum(565/1 161, 48.7%) and dandelion(412/1 161, 35.5%). In different age groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was 7-18 age group(379/513, 73.9%) while the lowest positive rate was 4-6 age group(222/370, 60.0%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ²=21.177, P<0.001). The sensitization peak of mugwort, French chrysanthemum, plantain, timothy, birch, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium, dog epithelium and German cockroach appeared in 7-18 age group. In different disease groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was allergic rhinitis with asthma group (500/717, 69.7%) while the lowest positive rate was asthma group (76/144, 52.8%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ²=15.563, P<0.001). In different gender groups, the positive rate of sIgE in male (503/711, 70.7%) was higher than in female (273/450, 60.7%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ²=12.630, P<0.001). The multiple-sensitization rate was 86.9%(674/776) and the double-sensitization rate was 16.8%(130/776) in sIgE positive patients. Pearson correlation results showed that there was an extremely strong correlation between dandelion and French chrysanthemum(r=0.93,P<0.001). There was a strong correlation between mugwort and French chrysanthemum(r=0.64,P<0.001). In the co-sensitization analysis, the number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion, plantain and timothy accounted for 25.2%(170/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum and dandelion accounted for 58.3%(393/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion and plantain accounted for 35.6%(240/674) of the total number of multiple sensitization. Conclusion: Mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion are the major inhaled allergens in northwest China. The positive rate of sIgE was different in different ages, diseases and genders. The multiple-sensitization rate of allergen was high and there was a certain positive correlation between pollen allergen-specific IgE pairwise, suggesting that there may exist co-sensitization or cross-reactions among allergens.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Animals ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Allergens ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Respiratory System ; Asthma

Objective: To explore the allergen map of patients with allergic diseases in northwest China, to investigate the distribution characteristics of serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in different ages, genders, diseases and the sensitization patterns of allergens. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 161 patients with confirmed respiratory allergic diseases were selected retrospectively from outpatient or inpatient department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from June 2019 to October 2022. HAIKE ALLEOS 2000 fluorescent magnetic particle chemiluminescence method was used to quantify their serum for 12 inhaled allergen-specific IgE. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison between count data groups (Bonferroni correction was used for further pairwise comparison in multiple groups, two-sided P<0.05/3=0.017 considered that the difference was statistically significant). Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation of continuous numerical variables. Results: The positive detection rate of sIgE in 1 161 patients was 66.8%(776/1 161). The three highest positive rate of inhaled allergen were mugwort(599/1 161, 51.6%), French chrysanthemum(565/1 161, 48.7%) and dandelion(412/1 161, 35.5%). In different age groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was 7-18 age group(379/513, 73.9%) while the lowest positive rate was 4-6 age group(222/370, 60.0%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ²=21.177, P<0.001). The sensitization peak of mugwort, French chrysanthemum, plantain, timothy, birch, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium, dog epithelium and German cockroach appeared in 7-18 age group. In different disease groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was allergic rhinitis with asthma group (500/717, 69.7%) while the lowest positive rate was asthma group (76/144, 52.8%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ²=15.563, P<0.001). In different gender groups, the positive rate of sIgE in male (503/711, 70.7%) was higher than in female (273/450, 60.7%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ²=12.630, P<0.001). The multiple-sensitization rate was 86.9%(674/776) and the double-sensitization rate was 16.8%(130/776) in sIgE positive patients. Pearson correlation results showed that there was an extremely strong correlation between dandelion and French chrysanthemum(r=0.93,P<0.001). There was a strong correlation between mugwort and French chrysanthemum(r=0.64,P<0.001). In the co-sensitization analysis, the number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion, plantain and timothy accounted for 25.2%(170/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum and dandelion accounted for 58.3%(393/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion and plantain accounted for 35.6%(240/674) of the total number of multiple sensitization. Conclusion: Mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion are the major inhaled allergens in northwest China. The positive rate of sIgE was different in different ages, diseases and genders. The multiple-sensitization rate of allergen was high and there was a certain positive correlation between pollen allergen-specific IgE pairwise, suggesting that there may exist co-sensitization or cross-reactions among allergens.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Animals ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Allergens ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Respiratory System ; Asthma