This case report described the sucussful treatment of a male infant born at 21 weeks and 4 days through assisted reproductive technology. After prenatal consultation and with the strong desire of the parents, active resuscitation and treatment were performed. The infant received 52 days of mechanical ventilation and was extubated to non-invasive ventilation at a corrected gestational age of 28 weeks and 6 days. During hospitalization, no vasoactive drugs were used, and necrotizing enterocolitis did not occur. The gastric tube was removed at a corrected gestational age of 37 weeks and 4 days. At a corrected gestational age of 40 weeks, cranial MRI showed no abnormalities. The infant was discharged at a corrected gestational age of 42 weeks after 143 days of treatment, without the need for any respiratory support. Follow-up until a corrected age of 6 months showed good growth and development.

Objective To explore the chemical basis of Shenxianshengmai oral liquid.Method UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS technology was used to identify the chemical components of Shenxianshengmai oral liquid.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Accucore aQ C18 column(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm)with mobile phase gradient elution of 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution(A)and methanol(B)for 0-13 min,5%-60%B;13-27 min,60%-95%B;27-30 min,95%B,the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1,and the column temperature was at 30℃.The mass spectrometry was performed by heating electrospray ionization(H-ESI)with positive and negative ion scanning modes.The scanning range was m/z 120-1800,and the collision energies were 30 eV,50 eV and 70 eV.Result A total of 160 components were identified,including 29 flavonoids,24 organic acids,21 alkaloids,19 terpenoids,15 phenylpropanoids,12 saponins and 40 other components.Six chemical constituents(rutin,psoralenoside,isopsoralenoside,psoralen,isopsoralen and bakuchiol)were confirmed by comparison with reference substances.Conclusion In this study,an UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS method has been established for accurate,rapid and systematic identification of the constituents in Shenxian Shengmai oral liquid,which provides an important basis for clarifying the chemical basis and quality control.

As the improvement of patient experience and medical experience has become the key goal of medical model reform,patient experience has gradually guided the development direction of future medical treatment and dominated the model of patient management.Patient journey mapping,as a patient-centered tool for visualizing patient experience,has been widely used in patient management in recent years.It will introduce the definition,construction method,application progress,problems,and prospects of patient journey mapping in the field of patient management at home and abroad to encourage more medical staff to use patient journey mapping to gain insight into patient needs,optimize patient experience and gather strength in patient management.

Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of rural residents in the high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer (EC), and to explore the clustering and influencing factors of risk factors associated with high-incidence characteristics. Methods A special structured questionnaire was applied to conduct a face-to-face survey on the dietary patterns of rural residents in Yanting county of Sichuan Province from July to August 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of risk factor clustering for EC. Results There were 838 valid questionnaires in this study. A total of 90.8% of rural residents used clean water such as tap water. In the past one year, the people who ate fruits and vegetables, soybean products, onions and garlic in high frequency accounted for 69.5%, 32.8% and 74.5%, respectively; the people who ate kimchi, pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, barbecue, hot food and mildew food in low frequency accounted for 59.2%, 79.6%, 68.2%, 90.3%, 80.9% and 90.3%, respectively. The clustering of risk factors for EC was found in 73.3% of residents, and the aggregation of two risk factors was the most common mode (28.2%), among which tumor history and preserved food was the main clustering pattern (4.6%). The logistic regression model revealed that the gender, age, marital status and occupation were independent influencing factors for the risk factors clustering of EC (P<0.05). Conclusion A majority of rural residents in high-incidence areas of EC in Yanting county have good eating habits, but the clustering of some risk factors is still at a high level. Gender, age, marital status, and occupation are influencing factors of the risk factors clustering of EC.

Objective : To investigate the expression of genes and proteins in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC) cystine / glutamate antiporter system (System Xc-) / glutathione ( GSH) / glutathione peroxidase 4 ( GPX4) ferroptosis pathway and its influence on inflammatory factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) ． Methods : 30 patients with RA and 30 healthy participants were enrolled．PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll-hypaque density gradient centrifugation．The cells were categorized into the healthy control，RA，ferroptosis inhibitor，ferroptosis in- ducer group．The cell viability was checked using the cell counting kit-8 ( CCK-8) method．Intracellular Fe2 + rela- tive fluorescence intensity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using the FerroOrange and Di- hydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent probes，respectively．Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) de- tected the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) ，solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) ，GPX4 proteins and mRNA．And the flow cytometry quantified the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) ，Interleukin (IL) -1，and IL-6 in the supernatant of each cell group. Results : Compared to the healthy control group，the RA group showed a significantly increased Fe2 + concentration and elevated ROS levels，reduced expression of Nrf2，SLC7A11 and GPX4 proteins and mRNA，and increased contents of TNF-α , IL-1 and IL-6 in PBMC supernatant，and the differences were statistically significant．The concentration of Fe2 + and ROS levels in the inhibitor group were lower than those in the RA group，the proteins expressions of Nrf2，SLC7A11 and GPX4 increased，the mRNA expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4 increased，the content of IL-6 in the PBMC supernatant decreased but the content of TNF-α increased，and the differences were statistically significant．In contrast，the in- ducer group，when compared to the RA group，displayed increased ROS levels，reduced expression of SLC7A11 protein and mRNA and decreased expression of Nrf2 protein，and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1 in the PBMC su- pernatant increased，but the expression of GPX4 protein increased ，and the differences were statistically signifi- cant．The inducer group，compared to the RA group，showed increased cell viability，and the difference was statis- tically significant (P＜0. 000 1) ． Conclusion The presence of ferroptosis in PBMC in RA patients，inhibiting or inducing PBMC ferroptosis in RA patients，will inhibit or promote the secretion of inflammatory factors．Inhibition of PBMC ferroptosis in RA patients may be helpful in the treatment of RA.

Objective:To understand the current status of pubertal sexual characteristics development of girls aged 6-18 years in Tongzhou District of Beijing and to compare the differences in sexual characteristics development among girls characterized as thin, normal, overweight, and obese.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2 844 girls aged 6-18 years in Tongzhou District of Beijing from September 2022 to July 2023. The developmental stages of breast and pubic hair were assessed on site, and menarche status was inquired. Weight and height were measured. The girls were subsequently characterized into thin, normal, overweight and obese groups. Basic information (including family and personal history) was obtained through questionnaires. Probit probability unit regression was applied to calculate the age of each Tanner stage of sexual characteristics development and the age of menarche. The χ 2 test was applied to compare the counting data between two or multiple groups. Results:A total of 2 844 girls were surveyed and 2 704 girls met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a valid response rate of 95.1%. Among these girls, 1 105 (40.9%) were aged 6-9 years, 1 053 (38.9%) were aged 10-13 years, and 546 (20.2%) were aged 14-18 years. The of height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), and body mass index-for-age Z-score (BAZ) were 0.46(-0.23,1.16), 0.69(-0.16,1.67), and 0.67(-0.27,1.73) respectively. The prevalences of thin, overweight, and obesity were respectively 1.7% (45/2 704), 17.3% (467/2 704), and 19.9% (538/2 704), respectively. There were 45 girls in the thin group, 1 654 girls in the normal weight group, 1 005 girls in the overweight and obesity group. The age of Tanner stage breast 2 (B2), Tanner stage pubic hair 2 (P2), and menarche was 9.0 (95% CI 8.9-9.1), 10.5 (95% CI 10.4-10.6), and 11.4 (95% CI 11.3-1.5) years, respectively. The current status of breast and pubic hair maturity in girls with pubertal development shows that 64.6% (1 211/1 874) of these girls had breast development preceding pubic hair development, 32.4% (607/1 874) had concurrent breast and pubic hair development, and 3.0% (56/1 874) had pubic hairs development preceding breast development. The interval age between B2 and B5 was 4.7 (95% CI 4.6-4.8) years, between P2 and P5 was 4.5 (95% CI 4.4-4.6) years, and between B2 and menarche was 2.4 (95% CI 2.3-2.5) years. The ages of sexual characteristics development in overweight and obese groups were earlier than that in normal and thin groups. The ages of B2 in thin, normal, overweight, and obese groups were 10.0 (95% CI 9.5-10.6), 9.3 (95% CI 9.2-9.4), and 8.6 (95% CI 8.4-8.7) years, respectively. The age of menarche in thin, normal, overweight, and obese groups were 13.1 (95% CI 12.4-13.7), 11.6 (95% CI 11.4-11.7), and 11.1 (95% CI 11.0-11.2) years, respectively. The interval ages between B2 and B5 and between P2 and P5 was 4.5 and 4.1 years, respectively in the overweight and obese groups, and those in normal group and thin group was 4.7 and 4.5 years, 4.6 and 4.7 years, respectively. Conclusions:The ages of sexual characteristics development and menarche tend in Tongzhou District of Beijing to be earlier than that being reported of Beijing's survey 20 years ago. Girls characterized as overweight and obese not only start puberty at an earlier age than girls of normal weight, but also have a shorter developmental process.

Objective To establish the structural confirmation methods of three suspected new psychoac-tive substances(NPSs),and explore a more general qualitative testing method.Methods Infrared ab-sorption spectroscopy(IR),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),1H-nuclear magnetic reso-nance spectroscopy(1H-NMR),13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(13C-NMR),19F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(19F-NMR)and other techniques were used to identify the composi-tion and structure of 5 samples containing suspected NPS submitted by public security bureaus.Results NPSs were found in the above 5 samples,and 3 were confirmed as NPS included in the newly listed controlled substances on July 1,2024,namely 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one(2-MDCK),2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclohexan-l-one(2-FXE),1-(3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)pentan-1-one(dipentylone),respectively.The first two substances were phen-cyclidine NPS,and the third substance was synthetic cathinone NPS.Conclusion This study systemati-cally summarizes the distinguishing features of the infrared absorption spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of three NPSs,which can provide a reference for the qualitative identification of unknown substances.

Objective:To study the early use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) as a rescue therapy in extremely premature infants (EPIs) with refractory hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF).Methods:Between January 2021 and December 2021, EPIs with refractory HRF receiving iNO within the first week of life in our NICU were enrolled. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 11 EPIs were included with 5 males and 6 females. The median gestational age (GA) was 24(22.6, 25.2) weeks. The median birth weight (BW) was 580(490, 770) g. The most common primary diagnoses were moderate/severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (5/11) and early-onset sepsis (3/11). The median age starting iNO therapy was 6.5(4.5, 34.0)h and the median duration of iNO was 24(12, 36)h. The median iNO starting dose was 5(5, 8) ppm and the therapeutic range was 5-20 ppm. Therapeutic efficacy was defined as ≥30% FiO 2 reduction after 6 h of iNO treatment. The treatment was effective in 8 cases. The oxygenation index (OI) decreased more than 10% from baseline 1 h after initiation in 9 patients and in all 11 patients after 12 h of iNO. The reduction of OI was more prominent in EPIs with a higher OI at baseline. Of the 11 patients, 8 survived, 1 died and 2 abandoned further treatments. Conclusions:As an early rescue therapy for EPIs with refractory HRF, iNO can improve oxygenation without obvious short-term adverse effects.

Acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester (AD-1) is a synthetic peptide composed of acetic acid and cetyl alcohol with arginine and tyrosine, which has certain anti-inflammatory and skin barrier enhancement effects, has been used in cosmetics for sensitive skin.Meanwhile, the ingredient has also been used in anti-aging cosmetics, but there is a lack of published scientific evidence on anti- senescence aspect.In this study, we investigated the related effects of AD-1 by evaluating its in vitro antioxidant and antiglycation efficacies.Furthermore, we established a photoaging model on primary rat dermal fibroblasts by repeated exposures to UVA irradiation.MTT assay was used to detect the effects of AD-1 on the cell viability.RT-qPCR was used to determine the effects of AD-1 on the mRNA levels of senescence-related p21, p53, MMPs, IL6, Col1, Col3 and autophagy-related p62, ATG5, ATG7.Western blot was used to detect the effects of AD-1 on the protein levels of p16, p21, p53, Col1, LC3B and p62.SA-β-gal was performed to indicate senescence level of the cell.MDC was performed to indicate autophagy level.Intracellular reactive oxygen species were monitored by fluorescent probes DCFH-DA.The results showed that AD-1 could reduce UVA-induced the cell damage and regulate the abnormal expression of mRNA levels. It alleviated the abnormal protein levels of p16, p21, p53, Col1, LC3B and p62 induced by UVA. These results suggested that AD-1 has not only antioxidant and antiglycation effects but also can activate autophagy to achieve anti-senescence effect.

Multilateral mechanisms are important platforms and vehicles for cooperation in traditional medicine.Relying on multilateral platforms,China is able to enhance the international influence of the domestic traditional Chinese medicine and form synergies with other member countries to enhance regional or cross-regional radiation effects in order to promote sustainable development of traditional medicine around the world.This paper focuses on China's participation in major multilateral health cooperation mechanisms,including global initiatives(WHO-led global cooperation framework,the Belt and Road Initiative),regional multilateral mechanisms(ASEAN countries,China-Japan-Korea Health Cooperation Mechanism,Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO),The Greater Mekong Subregion(GMS)),and cross-regional multilateral mechanisms(BRICS,Forum On China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC),G20),and sorts out the cooperation policies and actions in traditional medicine under different mechanisms,to analyze the characteristics and challenges of the existing mechanisms in traditional medicine cooperation,and to provide evidence for China's promotion on multilateral cooperation in traditional medicine.