ObjectiveBased on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated the brain activity characteristics of gross motor tasks in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and motor dysfunctions (MDs) to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of MDs in children with ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective. MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 children with ASD accompanied by MDs were recruited into the ASD group and 40 children with typically developing (TD) into the TD group. The fNIRS device was used to collect the information of blood oxygen changes in the cortical motor-related brain regions during single-handed bag throwing and tiptoe walking, and the differences in brain activation and functional connectivity between the two groups of children were analyzed from the perspective of brain activation and functional connectivity. ResultsCompared to the TD group, in the object manipulative motor task (one-handed bag throwing), the ASD group showed significantly reduced activation in both left sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and right secondary visual cortex (V2) (P<0.05), whereas the right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex (PMC&SMA) had significantly higher activation (P<0.01) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, there was a significant decrease in the strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and V2. In the body stability motor task (tiptoe walking), the ASD group had significantly higher activation in motor-related brain regions such as the DLPFC, SMC, and PMC&SMA (P<0.05) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, the ASD group had lower strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with PMC&SMA and V2. ConclusionChildren with ASD exhibit abnormal brain functional activity characteristics specific to different gross motor tasks in object manipulative and body stability, reflecting insufficient or excessive compensatory activation of local brain regions and impaired cross-regions integration, which may be a potential reason for the poorer gross motor performance of children with ASD, and meanwhile provides data support for further unraveling the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of MDs in the context of ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective.

Objective:To explore the influence of different time intervals after stent implantation on the efficacy and prognosis of elective surgery in patients with malignant obstructive colorectal cancer(MOCRC).Methods:A total of 182 MOCRC patients were enrolled,including 92 who underwent emergency surgery(ES group)and 90 who received elective surgery after stent placement(SEMS group).The SEMS group was further divided into three subgroups based on the interval between stent placement and surgery:<11 d(n=27),11-17 d(n=39),and>17 d(n=24).Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS),and Cox proportional hazards re-gression was employed to identify prognostic factors.Prognostic models based on surgical timing were constructed,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn with area under the curve(AUC)calculated to assess model discrimination.A total of 182 patients with MOCRC were included.Among them,92 underwent emergency sur-gery(ES group),and 90 underwent elective surgery after stent implantation(SEMS group).The SEMS group was di-vided into the<11 d group(n=27),the 11-17 d group(n=39),and the>17 d group(n=24)according to the operation interval.Overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method,and prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox regression.Result:Compared with the ES group,the SEMS group had a higher rate of laparoscopic surgery and significantly less intraoperative blood loss(P<0.05),with no significant differ-ences in postoperative complication rate,stoma formation rate(P>0.05).Among SEMS patients,the 11～17 d group had the shortest hospital stay and the lowest complication rate(7.69%).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that surgery performed 11-17 d group significantly reduced the risk of death compared to emergency surgery(HR=0.650,P=0.034),while surgery 11 d group significantly increased the risk(HR=2.051,P=0.042).Independent predictors of OS in-cluded age(HR=1.060,P<0.001),preoperative CEA level(HR=1.323,P=0.002),tumor size(HR=1.421,P=0.028),tumor differentiation(HR=1.123,P=0.005),and venous invasion(HR=2.792,P<0.001).For DFS,age,tumor size,venous inva-sion,and perineural invasion were identified as independent risk factors(P<0.05),while surgical timing showed no sig-nificant association(P>0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in OS among different groups in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients,whereas in stage Ⅲ patients,the 11-17 d group had better OS,and the>17 d group had signifi-cantly worse DFS than other groups(P=0.017).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs for OS prediction were 0.636(<11 d),0.601(11-17 d),and 0.750(>17 d);and for DFS prediction were 0.655,0.567,and 0.874,respectively,indicating that surgical timing has moderate discriminative value for survival outcomes.Conclusion:Elective surgery performed 11 to 17 d after stent placement can reduce mortality and improve postoperative recovery,although it has no significant impact on recurrence risk.Venous and peripheral nerve invasion are major factors affecting disease-free survival(DFS);therefore,clinical management should focus on identifying high-risk patients and optimizing individual-ized treatment strategies.

Objective:To determine whether the Rb1 of ginsenoside has protective effects on PA induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Methods:Established a model of palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Using MTT assay,flow cytometry,fluorescent probe staining,and Western blot analysis to detect whether Rb1 of ginsenoside has effects on the cell viability,apoptosis rate,ROS and NO production,mitochondrial membrane potential,and the expression levels of related proteins.Results:MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed that ginsenoside Rb1 can reduce PA-induced apoptosis in HUVECs(P＜0.05).The mechanism may be related to the following two points:(1)reducing ROS production and increasing NO levels,thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity of HUVECs;(2)regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins,increasing the BCL-2/Bax ratio(P＜0.05),modulating mitochondrial membrane permeability,reducing cytochrome C release(P＜0.001),and decreasing Caspase protein activation(P＜0.01),thereby attenuating PA-induced apoptosis.Conclusion:After the stimulation with PA,ROS production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells increased while NO content and cell activity decreased,oxidative stress induced apoptosis in cells.By regulating the production of ROS and NOx stabilizing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential,reducing the leakage of cytochrome C,Ginsenoside Rb1 can reduce HUVECs apoptosis induced by PA.

Objective:To explore the influence of different time intervals after stent implantation on the efficacy and prognosis of elective surgery in patients with malignant obstructive colorectal cancer(MOCRC).Methods:A total of 182 MOCRC patients were enrolled,including 92 who underwent emergency surgery(ES group)and 90 who received elective surgery after stent placement(SEMS group).The SEMS group was further divided into three subgroups based on the interval between stent placement and surgery:<11 d(n=27),11-17 d(n=39),and>17 d(n=24).Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS),and Cox proportional hazards re-gression was employed to identify prognostic factors.Prognostic models based on surgical timing were constructed,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn with area under the curve(AUC)calculated to assess model discrimination.A total of 182 patients with MOCRC were included.Among them,92 underwent emergency sur-gery(ES group),and 90 underwent elective surgery after stent implantation(SEMS group).The SEMS group was di-vided into the<11 d group(n=27),the 11-17 d group(n=39),and the>17 d group(n=24)according to the operation interval.Overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method,and prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox regression.Result:Compared with the ES group,the SEMS group had a higher rate of laparoscopic surgery and significantly less intraoperative blood loss(P<0.05),with no significant differ-ences in postoperative complication rate,stoma formation rate(P>0.05).Among SEMS patients,the 11～17 d group had the shortest hospital stay and the lowest complication rate(7.69%).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that surgery performed 11-17 d group significantly reduced the risk of death compared to emergency surgery(HR=0.650,P=0.034),while surgery 11 d group significantly increased the risk(HR=2.051,P=0.042).Independent predictors of OS in-cluded age(HR=1.060,P<0.001),preoperative CEA level(HR=1.323,P=0.002),tumor size(HR=1.421,P=0.028),tumor differentiation(HR=1.123,P=0.005),and venous invasion(HR=2.792,P<0.001).For DFS,age,tumor size,venous inva-sion,and perineural invasion were identified as independent risk factors(P<0.05),while surgical timing showed no sig-nificant association(P>0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in OS among different groups in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients,whereas in stage Ⅲ patients,the 11-17 d group had better OS,and the>17 d group had signifi-cantly worse DFS than other groups(P=0.017).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs for OS prediction were 0.636(<11 d),0.601(11-17 d),and 0.750(>17 d);and for DFS prediction were 0.655,0.567,and 0.874,respectively,indicating that surgical timing has moderate discriminative value for survival outcomes.Conclusion:Elective surgery performed 11 to 17 d after stent placement can reduce mortality and improve postoperative recovery,although it has no significant impact on recurrence risk.Venous and peripheral nerve invasion are major factors affecting disease-free survival(DFS);therefore,clinical management should focus on identifying high-risk patients and optimizing individual-ized treatment strategies.

Objective:To determine whether the Rb1 of ginsenoside has protective effects on PA induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Methods:Established a model of palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Using MTT assay,flow cytometry,fluorescent probe staining,and Western blot analysis to detect whether Rb1 of ginsenoside has effects on the cell viability,apoptosis rate,ROS and NO production,mitochondrial membrane potential,and the expression levels of related proteins.Results:MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed that ginsenoside Rb1 can reduce PA-induced apoptosis in HUVECs(P＜0.05).The mechanism may be related to the following two points:(1)reducing ROS production and increasing NO levels,thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity of HUVECs;(2)regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins,increasing the BCL-2/Bax ratio(P＜0.05),modulating mitochondrial membrane permeability,reducing cytochrome C release(P＜0.001),and decreasing Caspase protein activation(P＜0.01),thereby attenuating PA-induced apoptosis.Conclusion:After the stimulation with PA,ROS production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells increased while NO content and cell activity decreased,oxidative stress induced apoptosis in cells.By regulating the production of ROS and NOx stabilizing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential,reducing the leakage of cytochrome C,Ginsenoside Rb1 can reduce HUVECs apoptosis induced by PA.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of remote management based on unmet health needs self-monitoring reports in patients with colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of 124 colorectal cancer inpatients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group (62 patients each). The control group received routine follow-up care, while the intervention group received remote management based on self-monitoring reports of unmet health needs in addition to routine follow-up, over a 3-month period. To evaluate the outcomes, the Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS), the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), the Short Form of the Unmet Needs Survey (SF-SUNS), and the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES) were compared between two groups.Results:After the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher scores in HeLMS, HPLP-II, and SCSES compared to their baseline values and the control group ( P<0.05). Additionally, the SF-SUNS score was significantly lower in the intervention group post-intervention than both its baseline and the control group post-intervention ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Remote management based on unmet health needs self-monitoring reports effectively improves health literacy, promotes healthier lifestyles, enhances self-management efficacy, and reduces levels of unmet health needs in patients with colorectal cancer.

Ganoderic acid is a class of lanostane-type triterpenoids found in Ganoderma species, and is one of the most important pharmacologically active components in G. lucidum, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-neuropsychiatric, anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing properties. The content of ganoderic acid in G. lucidum is very low, and the traditional extraction process is complex, yielding minimal amounts at high cost. The biosynthetic pathway of G. lucidum triterpenoids(GLTs), including the synthesis of different structural forms of ganoderic acid from lanosterol, as well as the molecular regulatory mechanisms involving key regulatory enzyme genes and their functions, are not yet fully understood. With the continuous development of synthetic biology technologies, there has been a deeper understanding of the biosynthesis and metabolic regulation pathways of ganoderic acid and its derivatives at the molecular level. Research has explored the key regulatory enzyme genes related to ganoderic acid biosynthesis and their functions. Moreover, through the optimization of synthetic biology and culture conditions, large-scale production and preparation of GLTs at the cellular level have been achieved. This paper reviews and analyzes the latest research progress on the biosynthesis pathways and metabolic regulation of GLTs, focusing on the configuration of ganoderic acid and its derivatives, the biosynthetic pathways, key enzyme genes, transcription factors related to ganoderic acid biosynthesis, signal transduction mechanisms, and factors affecting triterpenoid biotransformation. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for improving the efficient production of triterpenoid pharmacological components and the exploitation and utilization of G. lucidum resources.
Triterpenes/chemistry* ; Reishi/chemistry* ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Lanosterol

This study aimed to characterize and identify the non-volatile components in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stems and leaves of Rhododendron tomentosum by using sensitive and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a self-built information database. By comparing with reference compounds, analyzing fragment ion information, searching relevant literature, and using a self-built information database, 118 compounds were identified from the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. tomentosum, including 35 flavonoid glycosides, 15 phenolic glycosides, 12 flavonoids, 7 phenolic acids, 7 phenylethanol glycosides, 6 tannins, 6 phospholipids, 5 coumarins, 5 monoterpene glycosides, 6 triterpenes, 3 fatty acids, and 11 other types of compounds. Among them, 102 compounds were reported in R. tomentosum for the first time, and 36 compounds were identified by comparing them with reference compounds. The chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum leaves and stems showed slight differences, with 84 common chemical components accounting for 71.2% of the total 118 compounds. This study systematically characterized and identified the non-volatile chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum for the first time. The findings provide a reference for active ingredient research, quality control, and product development of R. tomentosum.
Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry*

A single-center, randomized, double-blind, dose-controlled trial of modified Sini Powder in treating mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) in the patients with syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire was conducted at Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. A total of 80 patients with mild to moderate GAD and the syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire were included. Patients were assigned by the central randomization system at a ratio of 3∶1 into an observation group(n=60, receiving a conventional-dose of granules of modified Sini Powder) and a control group(n=20, receiving low-dose granules with the active ingredients being 50% of that in observation group). Assessments were conducted before treatment(baseline), after 2 weeks of introduction, after 2/4/8 weeks of treatment, and after 4 weeks of follow-up. The results were summarized as follows. In terms of primary outcome indicators, the observation group(62.2%) showed higher total response rate than the control group(26.6%)(P<0.05), and greater Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) score reduction after 8 weeks of treatment(P<0.05). In terms of secondary outcome indicators, the HAMA score(somatic anxiety score), traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores, Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) scale, and clinical global impression(CGI) scale score in the observation group showed a significant compared to the control group at each visit points(P<0.05). Adverse events occurred in 10 cases, including 9(16.9%) cases in the observation group and 1(6.6%) case in the control group. No adverse reaction was observed. In conclusion, conventional-dose modified Sini Powder demonstrated superior efficacy and favorable safety for mild and moderate GAD in the patients with the syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire over low-dose treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Powders ; Aged ; Liver/drug effects* ; Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Isolated male epispadias typically presents with preputial defects and dorsal urethral dehiscence. A less common subtype, known as concealed epispadias, is distinguished by an intact prepuce. Despite its clinical relevance, there is limited literature on this variant. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 86 pediatric patients with isolated male epispadias treated in Beijing Children's Hospital (Beijing, China) from May 2004 to July 2023, including 19 cases of concealed epispadias and 67 of nonconcealed epispadias. We compared clinical characteristics, preoperative diagnostics, surgical techniques, postoperative outcomes, and sexual function during follow-up between the concealed and nonconcealed groups. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding surgical methods, postoperative complications, or rates of urinary incontinence. However, notable distinctions were found in the age at initial diagnosis, timing of surgery, frequency of incontinence, location of the urethral meatus, and postoperative urinary incontinence scores (all P < 0.05). Given the absence of penopubic epispadias in concealed cases, we categorized glans and penile epispadias within nonconcealed epispadias as distal epispadias ( n = 40) and subsequently compared them with concealed epispadias cases. The postoperative urinary incontinence scores did not differ significantly between the concealed and distal epispadias groups. These findings suggest that concealed epispadias represents a relatively milder form of the condition, characterized by the absence of penopubic involvement, lower rates of urinary incontinence, and favorable surgical outcomes. However, the intact prepuce in concealed cases underscores the need for careful identification and early diagnosis.
Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Epispadias/classification* ; China ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology* ; Urethra/surgery* ; Infant ; Penis/surgery* ; Adolescent ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods* ; East Asian People