[Objective] To investigate the infection and characteristics of hepatitis E virus among blood donors in Hangzhou. [Methods] A total of 5 075 blood samples of blood donors from Zhejiang Provincial Blood Center from September to November 2023 were collected, including 5 037 samples with normal ALT and 38 samples with elevated ALT (>50 U/L). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-HEV IgM, anti-HEV IgG and HEV-Ag. The Fisher test and Chi-square test were used to evaluate the difference in the reactivity rates of anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG among different levels of ALT. The distribution characteristics of HEV screening in blood donors were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the susceptibility factors of anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG seropositivity, and the anti-HEV IgM-reactive blood donors were followed up by telephone. [Results] The reactivity rates of anti-HEV IgM, anti-HEV IgG and HEV-Ag in 5 075 blood samples were 0.45%, 22.98% and 0%, respectively. There was no difference in the reactivity rates of anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG among different levels of ALT (P>0.05), and the results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG reactivity in blood donors (P<0.05), while no difference in the reactivity rates of anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG among blood donors was noticed in gender, occupation and education level (P>0.05). [Conclusion] There is a potential risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV) in Hangzhou, and a cost-effective HEV screening strategy needs to be established to continue regular HEV surveillance in Hangzhou to assess the risk of infection.

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and its diagnosis heavily relies on imaging biomarkers. This paper integrates core pathological markers, such as amyloid β (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (PET), tau-PET, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, with the latest advancements in novel imaging biomarkers, including inflammation, synaptic imaging, and cerebrovascular injury-related markers, based on the Aβ proteinopathy, tau proteinopathy, neurodegeneration, inflammation, α-synuclein and vascular brain injury biomarkers (AT 1T 2NISV) framework proposed by the 2024 Alzheimer′s Association diagnostic guidelines. With the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies, future research should focus on enhancing the specificity of imaging biomarkers and developing precise diagnostic models for comorbidities to better address the heterogeneity and complex pathological features of AD.

The oropouche virus (OROV) poses a threat to pregnant women and fetuses, potentially causing fetal neurological defects and even stillbirth, which has caused global attention. OROV is an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyavirales order, primarily transmitted by arthropods and causing oropouche fever. This article reviews the etiological characteristics, epidemiological distribution, clinical symptoms, detection methods, and prevention strategies of OROV. OROV is prevalent in Central and South America, with a sharp increase in cases reported in Brazil in 2024. The virus's symptoms resemble those of several other arthropod-borne viral diseases, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Currently, there are no specific drugs or vaccines available, and treatment is mainly supportive. Culicoides paraensis and Culex quinquefasciatus are among the significant vectors of OROV. Furthermore, the article analyzes the distribution of Culex quinquefasciatus in China, highlights the risk of imported cases, proposes targeted prevention and control strategies, and underscores the significance of international cooperation in disease prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the causes for the continuous detection of Pseudomonas fluorescens(P.fluo-rescens)from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in pediatric department of a hospital,formulate intervention measures and evaluate its effectiveness,and provide basis for improving the whole process infection control of fiber bronchoscopy.Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted on three children from whose BALF P.fluorescens were detected in May 3-6,2024.The comprehensive methods were adopted,including case revie-wing,on-site process tracking,environmental hygiene monitoring,laboratory testing on disinfectant sterilization effect,fiber bronchoscope structure maintenance and checking,etc.Risks were identified and targeted interventions were implemented.Results Among the 5 pediatric patients who underwent fiber bronchoscopy within 4 days,P.fluorescens was detected from BALF of 3 cases,with a detection rate of 60.0％.The children were 5-8 years old and were admitted to the hospital due to lobar pneumonia.They underwent fiber bronchoscopy from the day of admission to the second day,and bacterial strains were clinically determined to be contaminated strains.Environ-mental sampling showed that the detection rate of P.fluorescens at sampling points such as fiber bronchoscope and enzyme solution storage tank was 15.7％(8/51).After implementing intervention,no target bacteria were detected again,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).From January 1 to May 2,2024,71 BALF from pediatric department were not detected P.fluorescens;From May 3 to 6,among 5 detected BALF,3 were detected P.fluorescens;After intervention(May 16 to December 31),no specimen was detected P.fluorescens.Conclusion This event is a pseudo-outbreak caused by fiber bronchoscope damage as well as improper cleaning and disinfection procedures.Through collaborative investigation and timely intervention by multiple departments,the event was ef-fectively controlled.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xu's Shenqiyizhu （SQYZ） decoction combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue （CRF） of stagnated-toxin spleen deficiency type after gastric cancer surgery and explore its possible mechanism. MethodsFifty postoperative gastric cancer patients with CRF of stagnated-toxin spleen deficiency type were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group by using a random number table，with 25 cases in each group. The control group was treated with FLOT chemotherapy （50 mg·m^-2 docetaxel （iv drip on day 1） + 85 mg·m^-2 oxaliplatin （iv drip on day 1） + 200 mg·m^-2 calcium folinate （iv drip on day 1） + 2 600 mg·m^-2 fluorouracil （iv drip for 24 h on day 1），once every three weeks） and basic and symptomatic supportive treatment. The experimental group was treated with Xu's SQYZ decoction （decocted twice，200 mL taken orally twice a day） in addition to the treatment of the control group. One course of treatment lasted for three weeks，with a total of four courses conducted. Observation was performed on the piper fatigue scale （PFS） scores，karnofsky performance status （KPS） scores，European Organization for Research and Treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire （EORTC QLQ-C30） scores，traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α），interferon-γ （IFN-γ），and interleukin-6 （IL-6）detected via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） before and after treatment in the two groups. The safety test results before and after treatment for the two groups of patients，as well as the occurrence of adverse events during treatment， were recorded. Transcriptome sequencing data of peripheral blood samples from gastric adenocarcinoma patients and normal individuals were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus （GEO） database，and differentially expressed genes between the tumor and normal groups were identified. Differential gene enrichment analysis was made based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） and Gene Ontology （GO）. The CRF relevance scores of genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Results① Compared with that before treatment，the total PFS score in the experimental group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group showed significantly reduced total PFS score （P<0.05）. ② Compared with that before treatment，the KPS score in the experimental group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group exhibited a significantly decreased KPS score （P<0.05）. The experimental group demonstrated significantly increased functional scores （physical function，role function，emotional function，social function，and overall health） （P<0.05） and significantly reduced symptom scores （fatigue，shortness of breath，loss of appetite，constipation，and diarrhea） of the EORTC QLQ-C30 scale after treatment compared with before treatment. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group presented significantly increased functional scores （physical function，emotional function，social function，and overall health） （P<0.05） and significantly reduced symptom scores （fatigue，nausea and vomiting，shortness of breath，loss of appetite，and diarrhea） of the EORTC QLQ-C30 scale （P<0.05）. Compared with those before treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores （eating too little and poor digestion，fatigue and weakness，postprandial bloating，abnormal bowel movements，lassitude and weakness，and total score） in the experimental group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group had significantly reduced traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores （eating too little and poor digestion，fatigue and weakness，nausea and vomiting，and sallow complexion） （P<0.05）， which indicated better efficacy in the experimental group than in the control group （χ²=7.996，P<0.05）. The serum levels of TNF-α，IL-6，and IFN-γ were significantly correlated with each other （P<0.01）. Compared with those before treatment，the levels of serum cytokines TNF-α，IL-6，and IFN-γ in the experimental group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the experimental group showed significantly reduced serum levels of cytokines TNF-α，IL-6，and IFN-γ （P<0.05）. ③ There were no significant intra-group and inter-group differences in the safety test results of the two groups before and after treatment. During the treatment period，there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of patients. ④ Compared with the normal group，the tumor group exhibited a total of 328 significantly up-regulated genes in the peripheral blood （P<0.05），and KEGG and GO analyses showed that they were significantly enriched in signaling pathways such as TNF （P<0.05）. ⑤ TNF，IL6，IFNG， and other cytokine encoding genes may be key pathogenic genes for CRF. ConclusionXu's SQYZ decoction can alleviate symptoms such as fatigue in postoperative chemotherapy patients with gastric cancer and improve their functional status and quality of life. Its mechanism may be related to improving cytokine imbalance.

Objective:To investigate the intervention effect of five elements music of traditional Chinese medicine and western classical music on the sleep quality of stroke patients, and to compare the difference between the two, to provide a reference for the clinical care measures to improve the sleep quality of stroke patients.Methods:By adopting a randomized controlled trial, 75 stroke patients who were hospitalized in the rehabilitation hospital of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method as the study subjects, and the patients were randomly divided the conventional treatment group, the five-element music group, and the classical music group according to the method of randomized numerical table with 25 cases in each group. On the basis of general treatment, the conventional treatment group took sleep health education, the five elements music group were given five-element music intervention based on conventional treatment, and the classical music group were given classical music intervention based on conventional treatment. The changes of Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography (PSG) examination parameters in the 3 groups were compared.Results:There were 2 cases of shedding in the conventional treatment group, and 23 cases were finally included, 15 males and 8 females, aged (54.02 ± 7.80) years; there were no cases of shedding in the five-element music group, and 25 cases were finally included, 12 males and 13 females, aged (53.69 ± 6.02) years; and there was 1 case of shedding in the classical music group, and 24 cases were finally included, 10 males and 14 females, aged (52.34 ± 7.08) years. Comparison of AIS, PSQI and PSG scores among the 3 groups of patients before intervention showed no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the AIS scores and PSQI scores of the 3 groups were (9.48 ± 1.53) and (12.22 ± 2.94), (6.76 ± 1.36) and (7.64 ± 2.08), (7.46 ± 1.38) and (10.33 ± 2.82), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=23.21, 18.44, both P<0.05). PSG sleep structure parameters showed that the total sleep time, REM latency time and sleep efficiency of the patients in the five-element music group after the intervention were (399.89 ± 51.76) min, (136.26 ± 25.36) min, (78.87 ± 8.21)%, higher than (368.45 ± 47.88) min, (124.46 ± 26.25) min, (73.36 ± 7.86)% in the classical music group and (345.48 ± 38.69) min, (111.37 ± 23.23) min, (69.44 ± 7.88)% in the conventional treatment group, and the differences between three groups were statistically significant ( F=8.27, 5.93, and 8.49, all P<0.05); the sleep latency time, awakening time, and number of awakenings in the five-element music group were (28.86 ± 17.68) min, (54.37 ± 25.15) min, and (2.72 ± 1.19) times, respectively, which were lower than those in the classical music group (35.67 ± 16.99) min, (64.28 ± 29.34) min, and (3.67 ± 1.12) times and (42.38 ± 18.96) min, (78.38 ± 37.26) min, (4.87 ± 1.46) times in the conventional treatment group, and the differences between three groups were statistically significant ( F=3.51, 3.66, and 17.56, all P<0.05). The results of the PSG sleep progression showed that the duration of the N1 stage of sleep in the five-element music group after the intervention was (95.71 ± 15.23) min, which was higher than (83.20 ± 18.34) min in the classical music group and (80.93 ± 16.47) min in the conventional treatment group, and the difference between three groups was statistically significant ( F=5.53, P<0.01); the N3 stage sleep time and the sleep percentage of the five-element music group after the intervention were respectively (84.23 ± 20.98) min and (23.98 ± 5.89)%, which were higher than (65.33 ± 18.82) min and (18.34 ± 3.78)% in the classical music group and (45.87 ± 18.65) min and (15.03 ± 5.56)% in the conventional treatment group, and the differences between three groups were statistically significant ( F=23.08, 18.50, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Both five elements music and classical music can improve the sleep quality of stroke patients, and the effect of five elements music to improve sleep is more significant.

The oropouche virus (OROV) poses a threat to pregnant women and fetuses, potentially causing fetal neurological defects and even stillbirth, which has caused global attention. OROV is an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyavirales order, primarily transmitted by arthropods and causing oropouche fever. This article reviews the etiological characteristics, epidemiological distribution, clinical symptoms, detection methods, and prevention strategies of OROV. OROV is prevalent in Central and South America, with a sharp increase in cases reported in Brazil in 2024. The virus's symptoms resemble those of several other arthropod-borne viral diseases, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Currently, there are no specific drugs or vaccines available, and treatment is mainly supportive. Culicoides paraensis and Culex quinquefasciatus are among the significant vectors of OROV. Furthermore, the article analyzes the distribution of Culex quinquefasciatus in China, highlights the risk of imported cases, proposes targeted prevention and control strategies, and underscores the significance of international cooperation in disease prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the causes for the continuous detection of Pseudomonas fluorescens(P.fluo-rescens)from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in pediatric department of a hospital,formulate intervention measures and evaluate its effectiveness,and provide basis for improving the whole process infection control of fiber bronchoscopy.Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted on three children from whose BALF P.fluorescens were detected in May 3-6,2024.The comprehensive methods were adopted,including case revie-wing,on-site process tracking,environmental hygiene monitoring,laboratory testing on disinfectant sterilization effect,fiber bronchoscope structure maintenance and checking,etc.Risks were identified and targeted interventions were implemented.Results Among the 5 pediatric patients who underwent fiber bronchoscopy within 4 days,P.fluorescens was detected from BALF of 3 cases,with a detection rate of 60.0％.The children were 5-8 years old and were admitted to the hospital due to lobar pneumonia.They underwent fiber bronchoscopy from the day of admission to the second day,and bacterial strains were clinically determined to be contaminated strains.Environ-mental sampling showed that the detection rate of P.fluorescens at sampling points such as fiber bronchoscope and enzyme solution storage tank was 15.7％(8/51).After implementing intervention,no target bacteria were detected again,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).From January 1 to May 2,2024,71 BALF from pediatric department were not detected P.fluorescens;From May 3 to 6,among 5 detected BALF,3 were detected P.fluorescens;After intervention(May 16 to December 31),no specimen was detected P.fluorescens.Conclusion This event is a pseudo-outbreak caused by fiber bronchoscope damage as well as improper cleaning and disinfection procedures.Through collaborative investigation and timely intervention by multiple departments,the event was ef-fectively controlled.

Objective:To investigate the intervention effect of five elements music of traditional Chinese medicine and western classical music on the sleep quality of stroke patients, and to compare the difference between the two, to provide a reference for the clinical care measures to improve the sleep quality of stroke patients.Methods:By adopting a randomized controlled trial, 75 stroke patients who were hospitalized in the rehabilitation hospital of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method as the study subjects, and the patients were randomly divided the conventional treatment group, the five-element music group, and the classical music group according to the method of randomized numerical table with 25 cases in each group. On the basis of general treatment, the conventional treatment group took sleep health education, the five elements music group were given five-element music intervention based on conventional treatment, and the classical music group were given classical music intervention based on conventional treatment. The changes of Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography (PSG) examination parameters in the 3 groups were compared.Results:There were 2 cases of shedding in the conventional treatment group, and 23 cases were finally included, 15 males and 8 females, aged (54.02 ± 7.80) years; there were no cases of shedding in the five-element music group, and 25 cases were finally included, 12 males and 13 females, aged (53.69 ± 6.02) years; and there was 1 case of shedding in the classical music group, and 24 cases were finally included, 10 males and 14 females, aged (52.34 ± 7.08) years. Comparison of AIS, PSQI and PSG scores among the 3 groups of patients before intervention showed no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the AIS scores and PSQI scores of the 3 groups were (9.48 ± 1.53) and (12.22 ± 2.94), (6.76 ± 1.36) and (7.64 ± 2.08), (7.46 ± 1.38) and (10.33 ± 2.82), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=23.21, 18.44, both P<0.05). PSG sleep structure parameters showed that the total sleep time, REM latency time and sleep efficiency of the patients in the five-element music group after the intervention were (399.89 ± 51.76) min, (136.26 ± 25.36) min, (78.87 ± 8.21)%, higher than (368.45 ± 47.88) min, (124.46 ± 26.25) min, (73.36 ± 7.86)% in the classical music group and (345.48 ± 38.69) min, (111.37 ± 23.23) min, (69.44 ± 7.88)% in the conventional treatment group, and the differences between three groups were statistically significant ( F=8.27, 5.93, and 8.49, all P<0.05); the sleep latency time, awakening time, and number of awakenings in the five-element music group were (28.86 ± 17.68) min, (54.37 ± 25.15) min, and (2.72 ± 1.19) times, respectively, which were lower than those in the classical music group (35.67 ± 16.99) min, (64.28 ± 29.34) min, and (3.67 ± 1.12) times and (42.38 ± 18.96) min, (78.38 ± 37.26) min, (4.87 ± 1.46) times in the conventional treatment group, and the differences between three groups were statistically significant ( F=3.51, 3.66, and 17.56, all P<0.05). The results of the PSG sleep progression showed that the duration of the N1 stage of sleep in the five-element music group after the intervention was (95.71 ± 15.23) min, which was higher than (83.20 ± 18.34) min in the classical music group and (80.93 ± 16.47) min in the conventional treatment group, and the difference between three groups was statistically significant ( F=5.53, P<0.01); the N3 stage sleep time and the sleep percentage of the five-element music group after the intervention were respectively (84.23 ± 20.98) min and (23.98 ± 5.89)%, which were higher than (65.33 ± 18.82) min and (18.34 ± 3.78)% in the classical music group and (45.87 ± 18.65) min and (15.03 ± 5.56)% in the conventional treatment group, and the differences between three groups were statistically significant ( F=23.08, 18.50, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Both five elements music and classical music can improve the sleep quality of stroke patients, and the effect of five elements music to improve sleep is more significant.

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and its diagnosis heavily relies on imaging biomarkers. This paper integrates core pathological markers, such as amyloid β (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (PET), tau-PET, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, with the latest advancements in novel imaging biomarkers, including inflammation, synaptic imaging, and cerebrovascular injury-related markers, based on the Aβ proteinopathy, tau proteinopathy, neurodegeneration, inflammation, α-synuclein and vascular brain injury biomarkers (AT 1T 2NISV) framework proposed by the 2024 Alzheimer′s Association diagnostic guidelines. With the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies, future research should focus on enhancing the specificity of imaging biomarkers and developing precise diagnostic models for comorbidities to better address the heterogeneity and complex pathological features of AD.