Objective: To explore the association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13- 18, providing a theoretical foundation and intervention strategies for mental health promotion. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health, including 98 631 Chinese adolescents aged 13- 18. Psychological distress was assessed by using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and mental well being was measured with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well being Scale (WEMWBS). Based on the gender and age specific Z scores of various test items [grip strength, standing long jump, pull ups (for males), and sit ups (for females)], muscle strength index (MSI) was constructed to evaluate the comprehensive level of muscle strength in adolescents. According to the Dual factor Model (DFM) of mental health, participants were categorized into four groups:troubled, symptomatic but content, vulnerable, and complete mental health. Gender differences were analyzed by using Chi-square tests, trends were tested with Cochran-Armitage tests, and multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between muscle strength and mental health among adolescents. Results: In 2019, 37.4% of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 were reported of high mental distress, and 59.9% were reported of low mental well being. Boys had significantly lower rates of high mental distress (35.3%) and low mental well being (55.6%) compared to girls (39.4%, 64.3%), and the differences were of statistical significance ( χ 2=176.13, 780.42, both P <0.05). In 2019, the rate of complete mental health among adolescents showed a downward trend with increasing age ( χ 2 trend = 258.47) and a gradual upward trend with increasing muscle strength levels ( χ 2 trend =123.14)，and both boys and girls exhibited similar trends ( χ 2 trend =103.83, 168.46; 57.00 , 67.34) (all P <0.05). The results of the unordered multiclass Logistic regression model showed that after controlling for confounding factors such as age and gender, when the completely pathological group as a reference, for every 1 unit increase in MSI in adolescents, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 29% ( OR = 1.29); for every unit increase in the Z-score for pull ups, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 6% ( OR =1.06) among boys; for every 1 unit increase in sit up Z score, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 19% ( OR =1.19) among girls (all P <0.05). Conclusions The mental health status of Chinese adolescents is not good enough. Muscle strength is positively associated with mental health.

【Objective】 To investigate the association between genetic variations in the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) gene and BP responses to sodium and potassium intake. 【Methods】 A total of 514 subjects from 124 families were recruited in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, in 2004, resulting in the establishment of a "salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort" . The subjects followed a dietary regimen which involved a normal diet for 3 days, a low-salt diet for 7 days, a high-salt diet for 7 days, and a high-salt potassium-supplemented diet for 7 days. BP measurement was conducted at different intervention periods, and peripheral blood samples were collected. Additionally, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GLP-1R gene were genotyped using the MassARRAY detection platform. 【Results】 The GLP-1R gene SNP rs9462472 exhibited a significant association with systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure response to high-salt intervention. Similarly, SNP rs2268637 showed a significant association with systolic BP response to high-salt intervention. Furthermore, SNP rs2268637 was significantly associated with systolic BP and mean arterial pressure responses to high-salt plus potassium supplementation intervention. 【Conclusion】 Our findings indicate a significant association of genetic variations in the GLP-1R gene with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake. This suggests that the GLP-1R gene plays a role in the regulation of BP salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity.

Objective:To establish high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) wavelength switching method to simultaneously determine the contents of chlorogenic acid, hydroxysafflor yellow A, ferulic acid, Nicotiflorin, Osthole and columbianadin in Tongluo Zhibi Prescription.Methods:The column was XBridge C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphate water (B); gradient eluted, with flow rate: 1 ml/min, column temperature: 30 °C, detection wavelength 330 nm (0-14 min detection of chlorogenic acid, 15-80 min detection of ferulic acid, Nicotiflorin, Osthole, and columbianadin), 403 nm (14-15 min detection of hydroxysafflower yellow pigment A).Results:Chlorogenic acid, hydroxyrhodopsin A, ferulic acid, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, serpentin, and dihydroeurobicarpus angelicus acid ester showed good linearity ( R2 ≥ 0.999 8) within 0.029 7-1.485 0, 0.030 0-1.500 0, 0.009 9-0.495 0, 0.017 5-0.875 0, 0.028 4-1.420 0, 0.013 7-0.685 0 μg, respectively. The precision, stability (24 h), repeatability relative standard deviation ( RSD) were all <2%. The average spiked recoveries were all in the range of 95%-105%, and the RSDs were all in the range of 0.32%-1.67%. In 10 batches of test samples of Tongluo Zhibi Prescription, the content of the above six components, including chlorogenic acid, was determined to be 0.221 60, 0.314 30, 0.085 10, 0.032 95, 0.043 87, 0.026 21 mg/g in the following order. Conclusion:The established HPLC wavelength switching method is fast, simple and accurate, which can be used for simultaneous determination of the content of the above six components in Tongluo Zhibi Prescription, which provides reference for quality monitoring and new dosage form research of Tongluo Zhibi Prescription.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA)is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration,subchondral bone remodeling,chronic inflammation in the synovial tissue and osteophyte formation.Chondrocyte apoptosis is one of the main factors of cartilage degeneration.Prevention and treatment of TMJOA can be achieved by inhibiting premature or excessive chondrocyte apoptosis.Primary cilia protruding from the surface of chondrocytes can sense mechanical stimulation and induce chondrocyte differentiation.Stud-ying the role of primary cilia in TMJOA will help us understand the pathogenesis of TMJOA and construct a reasonable and effective treatment strategy.

Objective The objective of this study was to provide methodological references for the inheritance of the experience of well-known Chinese medicine doctors in the treatment of kidney disease.Methods The study collected medical case data for IgA nephropathy,diagnosed and treated by Professor Yang Nizhi's outpatient department at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2010 to 2020.The data was standardized and divided into three groups:urine and blood,urine turbidity,and renal failure groups.The study utilized the FangNet platform to apply the PageRank algorithm and calculate the THScore of different subgroups of core herbs for IgA nephropathy.The distribution pattern of syndrome differentiation and corresponding herb use regulations were visualized through Python(SciPy package,Clusterheatmap package),and the study explored and verified the drug prescription through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis based on Pearson correlation coefficient.The weighted least squares estimation mean and variance adjusted(WLSMV)and the oblique rotated GEOMIN method were used with the Mplus software.Results The study included a total of 548 treatments for 145 patients with IgA nephropathy,with heamturia group(54 cases),urine turbidity group(51 cases),and renal failure group(40 cases).Results showed 9 basic syndromes such as Qi deficiency syndrome(91.79%),blood stasis syndrome(77.01%),damp-heat syndrome(66.06%),and Yin deficiency syndrome(38.69%).There are 24 core drugs in total,23 in the urine and blood group,21 in the urine turbidity group,and 16 in the renal failure group.These drugs mainly include qi-tonifying and yang-invigorating drugs,nourishing yin and blood drugs,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drugs,and clearing heat and cooling blood drugs.The regulations for the differentiation and medication of IgA nephropathy(Z-Score>0.5 and P<0.05)were as follows:Huangqi,Shan Zhu Yu,and Tusizi were commonly used in Qi deficiency syndrome;Danshen,Ze Lan,and Shan Zhu Yu were commonly used in blood stasis syndrome;Pu Gong Ying,Shi Wei,Tao Ren,and Tu Fu Ling were commonly used in damp-heat syndrome;and Mo Han Lian,Tai Zi Shen,and Nv Zhen Zi were commonly used in Yin deficiency syndrome.Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis,the core drug combination factors for the treatment of IgA nephropathy by Professor Yang Nizhi were obtained as follows:F1(Tusizi,Shan Zhu Yu,Huangqi);F2(White Mao Gen,Xiao Ji,Qian Cao);F3(Nv Zhen Zi,Mo Han Lian,Tai Zi Shen);and F4(Ze Lan,Tao Ren).Conclusion This study analyzed the diagnosis and treatment experience of Professor Yang Nizhi in the treatment of IgA nephropathy by grouping,defining the core syndrome of"Qi deficiency and blood stasis,damp-heat and Yin deficiency",and the core treatment methods of"tonifying Qi,promoting blood circulation,clearing heat,and nourishing Yin"using the PageRank algorithm and Mplus factor analysis.The study provided methodological references for the inheritance of the experience of famous Chinese medicine doctors and promoted the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of serological indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of a new established combined serological model on identifying the minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:This prospective multicenter study enrolled 263 compensated cirrhotic patients from 23 hospitals in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China between October 2021 and August 2022. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated. Ammonia level was corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN) by the baseline blood ammonia measurements/upper limit of the normal reference value. MHE was diagnosed by combined abnormal number connection test-A and abnormal digit symbol test as suggested by Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. The patients were randomly divided (7∶3) into training set ( n=185) and validation set ( n=78) based on caret package of R language. Logistic regression was used to establish a combined model of MHE diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve. The internal verification was carried out by the Bootstrap method ( n=200). AUC comparisons were achieved using the Delong test. Results:In the training set, prevalence of MHE was 37.8% (70/185). There were statistically significant differences in AMM-ULN, albumin, platelet, alkaline phosphatase, international normalized ratio, MELD score and education between non-MHE group and MHE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AMM-ULN [odds ratio ( OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.05-3.14, P=0.038] and MELD score ( OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for MHE, and the AUC for predicting MHE were 0.663, 0.625, respectively. Compared with the use of blood AMM-ULN and MELD score alone, the AUC of the combined model of AMM-ULN, MELD score and education exhibited better predictive performance in determining the presence of MHE was 0.755, the specificity and sensitivity was 85.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ( P=0.733). The AUC for internal validation of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.752. In the validation set, the AUC of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.794, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration ( P=0.841). Conclusion:Use of the combined model including AMM-ULN, MELD score and education could improve the predictive efficiency of MHE among patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Myocardial dysfunction is the most serious complication of sepsis. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SMD) is often associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, but its pathophysiological significance remains unclear. The present study found that patients with SMD had higher plasma gastrin concentrations than those without SMD. In mice, knockdown of the gastrin receptor, cholecystokinin B receptor (Cckbr), aggravated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction and increased inflammation in the heart, whereas the intravenous administration of gastrin ameliorated SMD and cardiac injury. Macrophage infiltration plays a significant role in SMD because depletion of macrophages by the intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes, 48 h prior to LPS administration, alleviated LPS-induced cardiac injury in Cckbr-deficient mice. The intravenous injection of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) overexpressing Cckbr reduced LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Furthermore, gastrin treatment inhibited toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) signaling pathway in BMMs. Thus, our findings provide insights into the mechanism of the protective role of gastrin/CCKBR in SMD, which could be used to develop new treatment modalities for SMD.

【Objective】 Dyslipidemia has shown to be associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between residual cholesterol and the risk of subclinical renal damage (SRD). 【Methods】 A total of 2 342 participants were recruited from the previously established Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort. According to estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatine ratio(uACR), the subjects were divided into SRD group and non-SRD group. The associations of residual cholesterol with eGFR, uACR, and the risk of SRD were analyzed by multiple linear and Logistic regression analyses. 【Results】 Residual cholesterol was positively correlated with uACR(r=0.081, P<0.001) but negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.091, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was an influencing factor of uACR (β=0.075, P<0.001) and eGFR (β=-0.027, P<0.001) after adjustment for gender, age, smoke, alcohol, exercise, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and serum uric acid. In addition, Logistic regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD independently of potential confounders [OR(95% CI)=1.387 (1.113-1.728), P<0.001]. Further subgroup analysis showed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD in women but not in men. 【Conclusion】 Residual cholesterol is a contributing factor in the risk of subclinical renal damage with gender-specific association.

【Objective】 4-like protein with down-regulated expression and development in neural precursor cells (NEDD4L) plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation and sodium homeostasis by regulating epithelial sodium channel protein. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship of NEDD4L gene polymorphisms with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake. 【Methods】 In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish a salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. All the subjects received a 3-day baseline survey, a 7-day low-salt diet, a 7-day high-salt diet, and finally a 7-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. Their BP was measured and peripheral blood samples were collected at different intervention periods. The 14 gene polymorphisms of NEDD4L gene were genotyped and analyzed by MassARRAY platform. 【Results】 BP decreased on a low-salt diet, and significantly increased on a high-salt diet, and decreased again after potassium supplementation. NEDD4L SNPs rs74408486 were significantly associated with systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure responses to the low-salt diet. SNPs rs292449 and rs2288775 were significantly associated with pulse pressure response to the high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs563283 and rs292449 were significantly associated with diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation diet. 【Conclusion】 NEDD4L gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake, suggesting that NEDD4L gene may be involved in the development of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity.

【Objective】 Based on our previously established salt-sensitive hypertension cohort, we aimed to examine the association of genetic variants in uromodulin with blood pressure(BP) responses to dietary interventions of sodium and potassium intake. 【Methods】 In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Mei County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish the salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. Among them, 333 non-parent subjects were selected and sequentially maintained on a normal-diet for 3 days, low-salt diet for 7 days, then a high-salt diet for 7 days and a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for another 7 days. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the uromodulin gene were genotyped on the MassARRAY platform. 【Results】 BP levels decreased from the baseline to low-salt diet, increased from low-salt to high-salt diet, and decreased again from the high-salt diet to the high-salt plus potassium supplementation intervention. SNPs rs77875418 and rs4997081 of the uromodulin gene were significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs77875418, rs79245268, rs4293393, rs6497476, rs4997081, rs13333226, and rs12917707 were significantly associated with systolic BP(SBP), DBP, and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Genetic variants in uromodulin gene are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium supplementation, suggesting that uromodulin may be mechanistically involved in BP sodium-sensitivity and potassium-sensitivity.