BackgroundIn recent years， the incidence of depression among adolescents has been increasing steadily， posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health and even leading to severe consequences such as self-harm and suicide. At the same time， the detection rate of subclinical depression symptoms among adolescents is even higher. Although these symptoms do not meet the clinical diagnostic criteria， they have significantly affected their quality of life， and their persistence over time may further develop into depression. Therefore， in-depth exploration of adolescent depression symptoms and the predictive factors holds significant practical significance and research value. However， up to now， no large-scale investigation and research on depression symptoms among children and adolescents has been conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to provide references for formulating scientific and effective prevention strategies and intervention measures. MethodsBy using the cluster stratified random sampling method， 6 281 students from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school in 12 leagues and cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected in March 2024. A self-designed questionnaire and the Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） were used for on-site investigation. ResultsA total of 6 058 （96.45%） children and adolescents completed the valid questionnaire survey， and 2 728 cases （45.03%） were found to have depressive symptoms. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents of different genders， ages， whether they were only children， different family types， family monthly income， parents' educational levels， and whether the mother was employed （χ²=33.769， 40.618， 48.593， 29.972， 142.648， 195.999， 168.190， 5.445， P<0.05 or 0.01）.The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that for children and adolescents， being female， aged between 12 and 16， over 16 years old， not being an only child， living in a reconstituted family， having a monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and having parents with an education level of primary school or below were predictors of depressive symptoms （OR=1.241， 1.427， 1.273， 1.177， 1.549， 1.278， 1.462， 1.417， 1.514， 1.929， 1.660， 1.528， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe detection rate of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Factors that may predict depressive symptoms in children and adolescents include female gender， ages between 12 and 16， ages over 16 years old， non-only children， families with a restructured structure， monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and parents with an education level of primary school or below. ［Funded by Science and Technology Planning Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （number， 2022YFSH0119）］

Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.

Based on the Political Economic Social Technological(PEST)-Strengths Weakness Opportunity Threats(SWOT)model,by sorting out the macro-environmental factors such as politics,economy,society and technology,and combining the internal strengths and weaknesses of the hospital as well as the external opportunities and threats,it puts forward the strategies to optimize the comprehensive budget management.It is found that hospitals face problems in total budget management such as disconnection between budgeting and strategy,and low level of informatization,but they also have advantages such as resource optimization and support for decision-making.The external environment provides opportunities such as health insurance reform and financing channel expansion,while there are threats such as industry competition and data security.It is suggested to improve the budget management level and promote the high-quality development of hospitals by expanding funding sources,strengthening cost control,and promoting the integration of industry and finance.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many skin diseases related to or secondary to COVID-19 have been reported globally, and the infection can trigger or exacerbate skin diseases and other systemic symptoms. The review aims to discuss the manifestations and management of severe skin diseases following COVID-19, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, severe psoriasis, pemphigus, dermatomyositis, and Beh?et's syndrome, with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of severe skin diseases after COVID-19.

With the rapid development of personalized medicine, recommending the optimal treatment regimes among multiple options for individual patients has become a key topic in the study of individualized treatment rules. Existing methods often face challenges such as limited accuracy and robustness when handling multi-category treatment problems. This study proposes a weighted random forest method that formulates the treatment decision problem as a weighted classification task. By incorporating the expected loss differences among treatment outcomes, the method enhances its learning process and improves recommendation performance with the non-parametric nature and flexibility of random forests. The weighted random forest method is further applied to real-world hypertension intervention data to generate personalized antihypertensive treatment recommendations based on the patient's baseline characteristics, demonstrating its potential value in clinical practice. This research aims to provide a new approach for individualized treatment rules in multi-treatment settings and to support the development of data-driven clinical decision-making systems.

BACKGROUND: Spicy food consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with mortality from multiple diseases. However, the effect of spicy food intake on the incidence of vascular diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore this association. METHODS: This study was performed using the large-scale China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) prospective cohort of 486,335 participants. The primary outcomes were vascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCEs), cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and non-stroke cerebrovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between spicy food consumption and incident vascular diseases. Subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the association between spicy food consumption and the risk of vascular disease stratified by several basic characteristics. In addition, the joint effects of spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of vascular disease were also evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the association results. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 12.1 years, a total of 136,125 patients with vascular disease, 46,689 patients with IHD, 10,097 patients with MCEs, 80,114 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 56,726 patients with stroke, and 40,098 patients with non-stroke cerebrovascular disease were identified. Participants who consumed spicy food 1-2 days/week (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [0.93, 0.97], P <0.001), 3-5 days/week (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], P = 0.003), and 6-7 days/week (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = [0.95, 0.99], P = 0.002) had a significantly lower risk of vascular disease than those who consumed spicy food less than once a week ( Ptrend <0.001), especially in those who were younger and living in rural areas. Notably, the disease-based subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse associations remained in IHD ( Ptrend = 0.011) and MCEs ( Ptrend = 0.002) risk. Intriguingly, there was an interaction effect between spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of IHD ( Pinteraction = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an inverse association between spicy food consumption and vascular disease in the Chinese population, which may provide additional dietary guidance for the prevention of vascular diseases.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Vascular Diseases/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; East Asian People

Objective To investigate the protective mechanisms of huanglian jiedu decoction(HLJDD)against hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy(HCH)in rats.Methods The HCH model was constructed in SD rats through abdominal aortic constriction(AAC).Rats were randomly divided into the sham operation(Sham)group,model(Mod)group,Mod+HLJDD high,medium and low-dose(Mod+H,Mod+M,Mod+L)groups,and Mod+Captopril(Cap)group using a simple random sampling method.Blood pressure,echocardiography,hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Masson staining were performed to assess the impact of HLJDD on HCH.Based on the results of part one,rats were further randomly divided into Sham group,Mod group,Mod+Notch1 inhibitor(DAPT)group,Mod+Notch1 agonist(Jagged-1)group,Mod+HLJDD high-dose(HLJDD)group,Mod+HLJDD high-dose+Notch1 inhibitor(DAPT+H)group,and Mod+HLJDD high-dose+Notch1 agonist(Jagged-1+H)group using a simple random sampling method.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were observed.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of related inflammatory factors,to further explore the mechanisms of HLJDD.Results Compared with the Mod group,rats in the Mod+H group exhibited reduced blood pressure(P＜0.05),improved cardiac func-tion(P＜0.05),relieved myocardial injury and decreased myocardial fibrosis(P＜0.05).Compared with the Mod group,the DAPT group displayed aggravated myocardial injury and fibrosis,decreased expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1(P＜0.05),and increased ex-pression levels of inflammatory factors and NF-κB p65(P＜0.05).The Jagged-1 group and HLJDD group showed opposite results.Compared with HLJDD group,the DAPT+H group displayed aggravated myocardial injury and fibrosis,decreased expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and increased expression levels of inflammatory factors and NF-κB p65(P＜0.05).The Jag-ged-1+H group showed opposite results,indicating that HLJDD can partially activate the Notch1signaling pathway while inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory factors.Conclusion HLJDD can alleviate AAC-induced HCC in rats,and its mechanism may be achieved through the modulation of the Notch1/NF-κB signaling pathway.Additionally,a certain negative feed-back regulatory relationship exists between the Notch1 signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the protective mechanisms of huanglian jiedu decoction(HLJDD)against hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy(HCH)in rats.Methods The HCH model was constructed in SD rats through abdominal aortic constriction(AAC).Rats were randomly divided into the sham operation(Sham)group,model(Mod)group,Mod+HLJDD high,medium and low-dose(Mod+H,Mod+M,Mod+L)groups,and Mod+Captopril(Cap)group using a simple random sampling method.Blood pressure,echocardiography,hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Masson staining were performed to assess the impact of HLJDD on HCH.Based on the results of part one,rats were further randomly divided into Sham group,Mod group,Mod+Notch1 inhibitor(DAPT)group,Mod+Notch1 agonist(Jagged-1)group,Mod+HLJDD high-dose(HLJDD)group,Mod+HLJDD high-dose+Notch1 inhibitor(DAPT+H)group,and Mod+HLJDD high-dose+Notch1 agonist(Jagged-1+H)group using a simple random sampling method.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were observed.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of related inflammatory factors,to further explore the mechanisms of HLJDD.Results Compared with the Mod group,rats in the Mod+H group exhibited reduced blood pressure(P＜0.05),improved cardiac func-tion(P＜0.05),relieved myocardial injury and decreased myocardial fibrosis(P＜0.05).Compared with the Mod group,the DAPT group displayed aggravated myocardial injury and fibrosis,decreased expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1(P＜0.05),and increased ex-pression levels of inflammatory factors and NF-κB p65(P＜0.05).The Jagged-1 group and HLJDD group showed opposite results.Compared with HLJDD group,the DAPT+H group displayed aggravated myocardial injury and fibrosis,decreased expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and increased expression levels of inflammatory factors and NF-κB p65(P＜0.05).The Jag-ged-1+H group showed opposite results,indicating that HLJDD can partially activate the Notch1signaling pathway while inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory factors.Conclusion HLJDD can alleviate AAC-induced HCC in rats,and its mechanism may be achieved through the modulation of the Notch1/NF-κB signaling pathway.Additionally,a certain negative feed-back regulatory relationship exists between the Notch1 signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many skin diseases related to or secondary to COVID-19 have been reported globally, and the infection can trigger or exacerbate skin diseases and other systemic symptoms. The review aims to discuss the manifestations and management of severe skin diseases following COVID-19, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, severe psoriasis, pemphigus, dermatomyositis, and Beh?et's syndrome, with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of severe skin diseases after COVID-19.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum nidogen-2 (NID-2) and thoracic aortic calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and construct a risk prediction model based on NID-2 to evaluate its value in predicting the risk of the severe thoracic aortic calcification and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in CKD patients.Methods:It was a prospective cohort study. Patients with CKD at stage 3 to 5D in the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled. Syngo.via software was used to evaluate the volume of thoracic aortic calcification, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the level of serum NID-2. According to the volume of thoracic aortic calcification, the patients were divided into three groups: no calcification group, mild calcification group and severe calcification group. The top 25% of the patients were defined as no or mild calcification group, and the latter 75% were defined as severe calcification group. The follow-up period was one year. During the follow-up period, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as all-cause death among the enrolled patients were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of thoracic aortic calcification. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), calibration curve, and decision curve were employed to evaluate the discrimination, calibration and clinical practicality of the nomogram model.Results:A total of 132 patients were included, with 91 males (68.94%) and age of (56.51±16.37) years. There were 60 CKD 3-5 stage patients (non-dialysis, 45.45%) and 72 CKD 5D patients (dialysis, 54.55%). Serum ND-2 levels differed significantly among healthy individuals, dialysis patients and non-dialysis patients ( H=70.651, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in serum NID-2 level between the no or mild calcification group and the severe calcification group in dialysis patients ( Z=350.00, P=0.426). The serum NID-2 level in the severe calcification group was significantly higher than that in the no or mild calcification group in non-dialysis patients ( Z=242.00, P=0.019). In non-dialysis patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between serum NID-2 level and volume of thoracic aortic calcification ( r=0.40, P<0.001). In dialysis patients, there was no statistically significant correlation between serum NID-2 level and volume of each segment of thoracic aortic calcification (all P>0.05). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that, age, hemoglobin, serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, NID-2, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction were correlated factors of thoracic aortic calcification in non-dialysis patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.50, P=0.010) was an independent correlated factor of thoracic aortic calcification in non-dialysis patients. The above related variables of univariate logistic regression analysis were incorporated into a nomogram to construct a predictive model for severe vascular calcification in non-dialysis patients, yielding an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99) in ROC curve, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 95%. A nomogram model based on above variables for predicting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in non-dialysis patients demonstrated an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) in ROC curve, with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 87%. Conclusions:In non-dialysis patients, serum NID-2 level in the severe calcification group is significantly higher than that in the no or mild calcification group. The serum NID-2 is a related factor of thoracic aortic calcification and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in non-dialysis patients. The nomogram prediction model constructed by combining NID-2 with age, hemoglobin, serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction has a high predictive value for the risk of thoracic aortic calcification as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in non-dialysis patients.