OBJECTIVE To explore the optimal parameters of simmered Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and the correlation between the chroma values and the intrinsic composition of simmered Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces powder.METHODS The single-factor-response surface method was used to investigate the simmering temperature,simmering time,paper dosage and plant ash dos-age,the response surface experiment was carried out on the basis of the single factor experiment,the appearance traits,total anthraqui-nones,free anthraquinones,leachables,sennoside A and B contents were taken as indicators,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to give weights to each index,and the process was optimized.The chroma values of raw and simmered products were deter-mined by electronic eye,the correlation and regression analysis were carried out by SPSS22.0 software,and the chroma-component re-gression equation was constructed.RESULTS The optimal process of simmering Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was 140 ℃,5 times of plant ash,2 layers of wet paper wrapped and being simmered for 2.5 h.CONCLUSION The simmering process of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma optimized by AHP combined with response surface method is reasonable and feasible,the color of decoction pieces has a significant correlation with the component content,and the regression equation constructed is reliable,which can predict the intrinsic component content of decoction pieces through chroma values.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of a six-step suspension technique for endoscopic lateral neck dissection (LND) through the chest-breast approach in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study.Clinical data of 81 PTC patients who underwent endoscopic LND via the chest-breast approach using the six-step suspension method at the Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shenzhen People′s Hospital were collected from January 2022 to October 2024. The cohort consisted of 15 male and 66 female patients, with age of (35.2±10.2)years (range:8.5 to 65.0 years). Key variables, including LND duration, total operative time, postoperative hospital stay, details of lymph node metastasis, postoperative complications, and follow-up data were recorded and analyzed.Results:The duration of LND was (131.8±42.2)minutes (range: 65 to 275 minutes), and the total operative time was (195.5±49.6)minutes (range: 110 to 390 minutes). The postoperative hospital stay was (4.8±1.5)days(range:3 to 15 days). The number of dissected lateral cervical lymph nodes was 32.7±10.1 (range: 11 to 54). The maximum tumor diameter was (16.1±10.1)mm(range:2 to 30 mm), while the maximum size of metastatic lymph nodes was (16.7±6.2)mm(range:7 to 30 mm). The positivity rate was 24.7% (841/3 410) in the lateral cervical+central lymph node and 16.1% (427/2 646) in the lateral cervical lymph node. Postoperative lymphatic leakage occurred in 2 patients, both of whom were successfully treated conservatively. No other significant complications were reported. During the postoperative follow-up period, which lasted for (18.3±7.4) months (range: 1.1 to 34.4 months), the mean postoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level ( M(IQR)) was 0.05 (0.50) μg/L (range: 0.01 to 7.90 μg/L), with 86.4% of patients showing a Tg ≤1.00 μg/L. Through imaging evaluations, no evidence of residual disease or recurrence was detected. Conclusion:Endoscopic LND via the chest-breast approach, utilizing the six-step suspension method, maybe a feasible and effective technique with promising clinical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the early dynamic changes of biomarkers associated with capillary leak syndrome(CLS)in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)and their correlation with multiple organ failure(MOF).Methods A total of 171 SAP patients admitted to the West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis,West China Hospital,Sichuan University between September 1,2019 and December 31,2020 were enrolled for this study.The patients were divided into MOF and non-MOF groups based on the occurrence of MOF in the first 5 days of hospitalization,and were further divided into subgroups based on the presence of moderate-to-severe intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH).We performed dynamic monitoring of the blood biomarkers(hematocrit[HCT].blood urea nitrogen[BUN].and creatinine[Cr]),plasma proteins(albumin[Alb].total protein[TP].and non-albumin plasma proteins[NAPP]),and intra-abdominal pressure.Trends in these indicators across groups were analyzed comprehensively.Results No significant differences in baseline data between the two groups were observed.The baseline data of the 2 groups were comparable.The MOF group had significantly higher rates of persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)lasting 48 hours(91.3％vs.71.8％),ICU admission(70.4％vs.17.6％),and length-of-stay([32±17.7]days vs.[19.0±12.2]days)compared to those of the non-MOF group(P＜0.05).The incidences of respiratory,circulatory,and renal failures were higher in the MOF group than those in the non-MOF group,showing significant differences in circulatory failure(69％vs.3.5％)and renal failure(65.5％vs.3.5％)(P＜0.05).In the first 5 days of hospitalization,the MOF group showed significantly elevated BUN and Cr levels,while Alb and TP levels dropped rapidly upon admission and then gradually recovered.The NAPP level of the MOF group continued to decrease after admission,and on the third day after admission,the NAPP level was lower than that of the Non-MOF group,showing statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The Alb/NAPP ratio of the MOF group decreased significantly on day 1 and then rapidly increased,showing significant differences between the groups on days 3 and 4(P=0.001).Subgroup analysis of MOF patients with moderate-to-severe IAH revealed similar trends in the dynamic changes and the overall changes in the indicators,and the difference was even more pronounced.The mixed linear model showed that the average levels of HCT,BUN,Alb/NAPP,and Alb/TP were higher and increased over time in the MOF combined with IAP subgroup(P＜0.001).Conclusion The CLS model of SAP patients is validated,confirming that CLS is a key factor in the progression from SIRS to MOF.The loss of NAPP is an early and important indicator of CLS persistence and progression to MOF.Additionally,moderate-to-severe IAH accelerates the deterioration of MOF.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms of MOF and warrant further validation through large-scale prospective studies.

OBJECTIVE To explore the optimal parameters of simmered Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and the correlation between the chroma values and the intrinsic composition of simmered Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces powder.METHODS The single-factor-response surface method was used to investigate the simmering temperature,simmering time,paper dosage and plant ash dos-age,the response surface experiment was carried out on the basis of the single factor experiment,the appearance traits,total anthraqui-nones,free anthraquinones,leachables,sennoside A and B contents were taken as indicators,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to give weights to each index,and the process was optimized.The chroma values of raw and simmered products were deter-mined by electronic eye,the correlation and regression analysis were carried out by SPSS22.0 software,and the chroma-component re-gression equation was constructed.RESULTS The optimal process of simmering Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was 140 ℃,5 times of plant ash,2 layers of wet paper wrapped and being simmered for 2.5 h.CONCLUSION The simmering process of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma optimized by AHP combined with response surface method is reasonable and feasible,the color of decoction pieces has a significant correlation with the component content,and the regression equation constructed is reliable,which can predict the intrinsic component content of decoction pieces through chroma values.

Pigeon circovirus(PiCV)is globally widespread and is considered a potential cause of young pigeon sickness syndrome(YPDS),which leads to severe immunosuppression and high mortality.Due to the inability of PiCV to be cultured in cells,the development of traditional vac-cines is severely limited,and no effective vaccines is currently available.To develop a novel PiCV DNA candidate vaccine,we cloned the △Cap gene lacking a nuclear localization signal(NLS),and fused it at its C-terminus with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of the Newcastle dis-ease virus(NDV)F protein(△Cap-TMCT).Two DNA vaccine candidates were constructed:pCAGG-△Cap,targeting intracellular expression,and pCAGG-△Capt,for cell surface expression,respectively.The results of indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses confirmed suc-cessful expression of both recombinant plasmids in DF1 cells.Immunization studies in mice re-vealed that pCAGG-△Capt induced significantly higher levels of specific IgG antibodies,T-cell re-sponses,and cytokine secretion compared to pCAGG-△Cap,as assessed by ELISA,flow cytome-try,and ELISpot assays.These findings suggest that targeting △Cap-TMCT fusion protein to the cell surface can effectively enhance its immunogenicity,highlighting its potential as a PiCV DNA vaccine candidate.This study provides new strategies and theoretical foundations for the design and development of PiCV DNA vaccines.

Objective To explore the potential of CS-AI technique in accelerating cranial three-dimensional double inversion recovery(3D DIR)sequence imaging.Methods Twenty-six healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited for brain sagittal 3D DIR sequence scanning.The 3D DIR sequences were accelerated with four different acceleration factor(AF)(4,6,8,10)and reconstructed using the traditional compressed sensing(CS)algorithm and a new CS-AI algorithm.Subjective image quality was assessed by two observers using a 5-point Likert scale.Objective image quality was evaluated by calculating contrast(CN)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR).Firstly,using CS 4 as the standard,the optimal CS AF was derived after comparing the CN,CNR and subjective scores of CS 4 with those of CS 6,8 and 10 images in a comprehensive judgement,and then further comparing the optimal CS AF with images of CS-AI with different AF to validate the efficacy of the CS-AI,and to select the final optimal CS-AI AF.Results The comparison results between CS 4 and different CS AF indicated that CS 6 was selected as the optimal AF for CS.In further comparisons between CS and different CS-AI AF,the CS-AI technique outperformed the CS technique overall.CS-AI 8 was the maximum applicable AF.Conclusion The CS-AI is overall even better in terms of image quality with higher acceleration potential than the CS.The CS-AI 8 serves as the optimal AF and reduces scanning times by up to 50％while maintaining image quality.

Porphyrin and its derivatives exhibit diverse biochemical properties because of their unique molecular structures,and have been widely used and recognized in the field of tumor therapy.The applications of chemical modifications and nanotechnology have not only significantly enhanced the biological activity of porphyrins and their derivatives but also substantially improved the drug delivery efficiency.In addition,the applications of porphyrins and their derivatives in multiple therapeutic methods,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),sonodynamic therapy(SDT),radiotherapy and immunotherapy,have opened the door for the implementation of tumor multimodal treatment strategies.This cross-disciplinary integration facilitates the overcoming of limitations inherent to single-modality treatments,thereby synergistically enhancing overall therapeutic efficacy aganist tumors.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the applications of porphyrins and their derivatives within the aforementioned therapeutic treatments,and the challenges and future development potential of porphyrins and their derivatives in tumor therapy are respectively discussed and prospected.

Pigeon circovirus(PiCV)is globally widespread and is considered a potential cause of young pigeon sickness syndrome(YPDS),which leads to severe immunosuppression and high mortality.Due to the inability of PiCV to be cultured in cells,the development of traditional vac-cines is severely limited,and no effective vaccines is currently available.To develop a novel PiCV DNA candidate vaccine,we cloned the △Cap gene lacking a nuclear localization signal(NLS),and fused it at its C-terminus with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of the Newcastle dis-ease virus(NDV)F protein(△Cap-TMCT).Two DNA vaccine candidates were constructed:pCAGG-△Cap,targeting intracellular expression,and pCAGG-△Capt,for cell surface expression,respectively.The results of indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses confirmed suc-cessful expression of both recombinant plasmids in DF1 cells.Immunization studies in mice re-vealed that pCAGG-△Capt induced significantly higher levels of specific IgG antibodies,T-cell re-sponses,and cytokine secretion compared to pCAGG-△Cap,as assessed by ELISA,flow cytome-try,and ELISpot assays.These findings suggest that targeting △Cap-TMCT fusion protein to the cell surface can effectively enhance its immunogenicity,highlighting its potential as a PiCV DNA vaccine candidate.This study provides new strategies and theoretical foundations for the design and development of PiCV DNA vaccines.

Objective To explore the potential of CS-AI technique in accelerating cranial three-dimensional double inversion recovery(3D DIR)sequence imaging.Methods Twenty-six healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited for brain sagittal 3D DIR sequence scanning.The 3D DIR sequences were accelerated with four different acceleration factor(AF)(4,6,8,10)and reconstructed using the traditional compressed sensing(CS)algorithm and a new CS-AI algorithm.Subjective image quality was assessed by two observers using a 5-point Likert scale.Objective image quality was evaluated by calculating contrast(CN)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR).Firstly,using CS 4 as the standard,the optimal CS AF was derived after comparing the CN,CNR and subjective scores of CS 4 with those of CS 6,8 and 10 images in a comprehensive judgement,and then further comparing the optimal CS AF with images of CS-AI with different AF to validate the efficacy of the CS-AI,and to select the final optimal CS-AI AF.Results The comparison results between CS 4 and different CS AF indicated that CS 6 was selected as the optimal AF for CS.In further comparisons between CS and different CS-AI AF,the CS-AI technique outperformed the CS technique overall.CS-AI 8 was the maximum applicable AF.Conclusion The CS-AI is overall even better in terms of image quality with higher acceleration potential than the CS.The CS-AI 8 serves as the optimal AF and reduces scanning times by up to 50％while maintaining image quality.

Porphyrin and its derivatives exhibit diverse biochemical properties because of their unique molecular structures,and have been widely used and recognized in the field of tumor therapy.The applications of chemical modifications and nanotechnology have not only significantly enhanced the biological activity of porphyrins and their derivatives but also substantially improved the drug delivery efficiency.In addition,the applications of porphyrins and their derivatives in multiple therapeutic methods,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),sonodynamic therapy(SDT),radiotherapy and immunotherapy,have opened the door for the implementation of tumor multimodal treatment strategies.This cross-disciplinary integration facilitates the overcoming of limitations inherent to single-modality treatments,thereby synergistically enhancing overall therapeutic efficacy aganist tumors.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the applications of porphyrins and their derivatives within the aforementioned therapeutic treatments,and the challenges and future development potential of porphyrins and their derivatives in tumor therapy are respectively discussed and prospected.