Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, immune-mediated liver injury of unknown etiology. The onset of this disease involves the activation and recruitment of diverse immune and non-immune cells, which in turn trigger hepatic damage. Immune checkpoint molecules (ICM) are expressed on the surface of multiple cell types. By regulating cellular functional states, they help limit the intensity and duration of immune responses, thereby preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage, and maintaining immune homeostasis. In AIH, however, this natural "braking" mechanism is impaired, leading to aberrant activation of both immune and non-immune cells and the breakdown of immune homeostasis. Consequently, ICM are likely to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AIH. A deeper understanding of the function of ICM in AIH not onlyadvances our insight into the disease mechanism, but also suggests that targeting these molecules may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AIH.

Based on the theory that "the liver governs the defensive qi"， it is believed that an imbalance in liver qi， leading to abnormalities in the generation， distribution， and circulation of defensive qi， constitutes the core pathogenesis of primary hyperhidrosis. The progression can be summarized as follows， emotional distress， leads to liver constraint， qi stagnation， and impaired liver regulation， resulting in abnormal distribution of defensive qi； qi constraint transforms into fire， leading to hyperactive liver fire， and causing the defensive qi to float upward and fail to be contained； yin-blood depletion and hidden consumption， together with， deficiency of the liver body， result in insufficient generation and upward movement of defensive qi. Treatment should align with the nature and functions of the liver. Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） is used to soothe the liver and regulate qi. Longdan Xiegan Decoction （龙胆泻肝汤） combined with Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder （丹栀逍遥散） is applied to clear the liver and drain fire. Suanzaoren Decoction （酸枣仁汤） combined with Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） is prescribed to nourish blood， enrich the liver， tonify qi and promote the ascending movement of liver qi. In addition， verbal counseling is needed to help patients resolving emotional distress.

Based on the theory that "the liver governs the defensive qi"， it is believed that an imbalance in liver qi， leading to abnormalities in the generation， distribution， and circulation of defensive qi， constitutes the core pathogenesis of primary hyperhidrosis. The progression can be summarized as follows， emotional distress， leads to liver constraint， qi stagnation， and impaired liver regulation， resulting in abnormal distribution of defensive qi； qi constraint transforms into fire， leading to hyperactive liver fire， and causing the defensive qi to float upward and fail to be contained； yin-blood depletion and hidden consumption， together with， deficiency of the liver body， result in insufficient generation and upward movement of defensive qi. Treatment should align with the nature and functions of the liver. Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） is used to soothe the liver and regulate qi. Longdan Xiegan Decoction （龙胆泻肝汤） combined with Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder （丹栀逍遥散） is applied to clear the liver and drain fire. Suanzaoren Decoction （酸枣仁汤） combined with Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） is prescribed to nourish blood， enrich the liver， tonify qi and promote the ascending movement of liver qi. In addition， verbal counseling is needed to help patients resolving emotional distress.

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.

Background and objective A reasonable and standardized dietary plan and procedure can help patients recovering quickly from lung cancer surgery.The aim of this study is to optimize the diet plan and procedure mainly based on medium chain triglyceride(MCT)diet and explore its clinical advantages for postoperative lung cancer patients.Methods From October 2023 to December 2023,a total of 156 patients were collected,who underwent lung cancer surgery in Lung Cancer Cen-ter,West China Hospital of Sichuan University.The patients were randomized into MCT group(76 cases)and routine diet(RD)group(80 cases).Clinical symptoms,biochemical index,postoperative hospitalization time and cost,dietary satisfaction and hospitalization comfort between the two groups were analyzed.Results The mean anus exhausting time in MCT group[24.00(9.75,36.97)h]was significantly shorter than that in RD group[28.50(24.00,48.00)h](P＜0.001).And the incidence of dizzi-ness(18.42％),nausea and vomiting(6.58％)in MCT group were remarkably lower than those in RD group(51.25％,31.25％)(P＜0.001).Hospitalization comfort score in MCT group[(16.74±1.70)]was significantly higher than that in RD group[(14.83±2.34)](P=0.016).Meanwhile,the average hospitalization cost in MCT group[(39,701.82±8105.47)￥]showed an obvious decrease compared with RD group[(44,511.79±9593.19)￥](P=0.007).Conclusion Optimizing the dietary plan and procedure mainly based on MCT diet for postoperative lung cancer patients can help the recovery of gastrointestinal function and improve hospitalization comfort,which promoted overall postoperative rehabilitation of patients with lung cancer surgery.

Objective To investigate the frequency and distribution characteristics of gene mutations in children with phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH)deficiency in Xinjiang.Methods A total of 230 children diag-nosed with PAH deficiency in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 1st,2015 to February 28th,2023 were enrolled in the study.The variation of PAH gene was analyzed and the variation sites of PAH gene in children with different phenotypes were compared.Results A total of 441 PAH gene va-riants were detected in 230 children with PAH deficiency in Xinjiang,with a total detection rate of 95.87％.A-mong them,2 variants were detected in 227 cases,only 1 variant was detected in 2 cases,and 3 variants were detected in 1 case.217 cases were complex heterozygous variants,and 10 cases were homozygous variants.The high-frequency variant loci were c.158G＞A[23.39％(102/441)],c.728G＞A[11.70％(51/441)],c.688G＞A[5.05％(22/441)],c.721C＞T[3.90％(17/441)],c.611A＞G[3.67％(16/441)],c.1238G＞C[3.21％(14/441)].The high-frequency variant loci for classic PKU were c.728G＞A,c.331C＞T,and c.782G＞A;the high-frequency variant loci for mild PKU were c.721C＞T,c.1068C＞A,and c.1301C＞A;the high-frequency variant loci for children with mild HPA were c.158G＞A and c.688G＞A.There were significant differences in the frequency of high frequency mutations among the above three phenotypes(P＜0.05).Conclusion Mild HPA predominates in children with PAH deficiency in Xinjiang.The hotspot loci of the PAH gene in Xinjiang have been clarified,and specific PAH gene loci have been observed in the three different phenotypes,which can provide theoretical basis for prenatal diagnosis and clinical genetic counselling.

Objective This study aims to investigate the primary target and potential mechanism of mangiferin(MF)in treating oral submucous fibrosis(OSF)through Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database chip mining,network pharmacology,and molecular docking techniques.Methods Potential therapeutic targets for OSF were identified using GEO chip data.The potential targets of MF were predicted,and disease-related targets for OSF were col-lected from databases.A Venn diagram was created using the EVenn platform to identify overlapping targets.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the STRING database.Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclope-dia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID platform.Cytoscape 3.10.1 software was used to visualize a drug-target-pathway-disease network,while AutoDocktools 1.5.6 software was employed for molecular docking analysis.Results A total of 356 potential targets for MF and 360 disease-related targets for OSF were obtained from multiple databases.The top 15 key target proteins in the PPI network were selected as significant candi-dates.GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that MF treatment primarily involved advanced gly-cation end products-receptor(AGE-RAGE),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and other signaling pathways associ-ated with OSF pathogenesis.Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that MF exhibited a strong binding activity toward AKT serine kinase 1(AKT1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),and other core targets.Conclusion These findings suggest that MF may exert its therapeutic effects on OSF through a multitarget approach involving various signaling pathways.

Renal interstitial fibrosis（RIF） is the main pathological manifestation of chronic kidney disease. Due to the complexity of the mechanism， there is no specific treatment for RIF in clinical practice. The abnormal activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway and the activation of downstream target genes are key drivers of RIF induction and progression. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of precise efficacy and minimal toxic side effects， and the occurrence and development of RIF can be regulated by multiple targets and mutual coordination. This review focuses on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and summarizes the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of RIF. It is found that various effective ingredients （such as sinomenine， mangiferin， coumarin derivates from Hydrangea paniculata， etc.） and formulas （such as Fushengong decoction， Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula， etc.） of traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit fibroblast proliferation， improve inflammation and oxidative stress， maintain mitochondrial stability， and slow down ferroptosis through this pathway， thereby delaying the occurrence and progression of RIF.

Objective To observe the value of cardiac CT angiography(CCTA)for left atrial appendage closure(LAAC).Methods Twelve Labradors were enrolled and underwent LAAC.CCTA examinations were performed before and 7,45 and 90 days after LAAC,and the left atrial appendage(LAA)parameters before and post LAAC occluder compression ratio were recorded.Ninety days after LAAC,the dogs were euthanized for gross anatomical observation,micro CT imaging and pathological examination,and the value of CCTA for LAAC was analyzed.Results Based on CCTA before LAAC,LAA opening depth was(18.8±2.6)mm,the minimum diameter was(16.3±2.0)mm and the maximum diameter was(22.6±3.2)mm,so 28 mm diameter occluders were selected for LAAC.Seven,45 and 90 days after LAAC,no displacement of occluder,thrombi nor device leakage was found on CCTA,while no significant difference of compression ratio was found among different time points(P＞0.05),nor between those measured with CCTA and micro CT 90 days after LAAC(P＞0.05).Ninety days after LAAC,gross dissection revealed complete endothelialization of occlude in 11 dogs and incomplete endothelialization in 1 dog.Pathological examination showed that collagen fibers arranged neatly,with endothelial cells covering the surface,and no inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.Conclusion CCTA could be used to observe LAA and surrounding structures before LAAC,hence guiding to select appropriate occluder,evaluate occlusion effect and monitor complications of LAAC in dogs.